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Evaluation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in home kitchens and bathrooms: Is there a link between home disinfectant use and antibiotic resistance?

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American Journal of Infection Control 2023年第11期51卷 A158-A163页

作者： Rutala, William A. Weber, David J. Barbee, Susan L. Gergen, Maria F. Sobsey, Mark D. Samsa, Gregory P. Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E. Division of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States NC Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Infection Prevention University of North Carolina Health Care System Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences University of North Carolina School of Public Health Chapel Hill NC United States

Objective: To determine the relationship between home disinfectant use and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among environmental isolates of human pathogens. Methods: Bacteria were cultured from 5 kitchen and 5 bathroom sites using quantitative methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard methods. Home disinfectant use was assessed via a questionnaire. Results: The overall total mean log₁₀ counts (total CFU) for the kitchen and bathroom were 4.31 and 4.88, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were more common in the bathroom (4.05) than in the kitchen (3.60), while Gram-negative bacilli were more common in the kitchen (4.23) than in the bathroom (3.86). The sink and bath drains were the most contaminated sites with 6.16-log₁₀ of total CFU and 6.6-log₁₀ in the kitchen and bathroom, respectively. Households reported cleaning frequency with a variety of commercial products. Most respondents used antibacterial products (eg, soaps, surface disinfectants) in the home. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens were infrequently isolated in the homes evaluated. Conclusions: Compared to pathogens causing community-acquired clinical infections in the ICARE study, pathogens isolated from households are less likely to demonstrate antibiotic resistance. In addition, no relationship between antibacterial use or frequency of cleaning or disinfection and antibiotic resistance was revealed. © 2023 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.

关键词： Antimicrobial Germicides Microorganisms

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Fabry-perot interferometric calibration of 2D nanomechanical plate resonators

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Aguila, Myrron Albert Callera Esmenda, Joshoua Condicion Wang, Jyh-Yang Lee, Teik-Hui Yang, Chi-Yuan Lin, Kung-Hsuan Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu Kafanov, Sergey Pashkin, Yuri A. Chen, Chii-Dong Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program National Tsing Hua University Academia Sinica Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4YB United Kingdom

Displacement calibration of nanomechanical plate resonators presents a challenging task. Large nanomechanical resonator thickness reduces the amplitude of the resonator motion due to its increased spring constant and mass, and its unique reflectance. Here, we show that the plate thickness, resonator gap height, and motional amplitude of circular and elliptical drum resonators, can be determined in-situ by exploiting the fundamental interference phenomenon in Fabry-Perot cavities. The proposed calibration scheme uses optical contrasts to uncover thickness and spacer height profiles, and reuse the results to convert the photodetector signal to the displacement of drumheads that are electromotively driven in their linear regime. Calibrated frequency response and spatial mode maps enable extraction of the modal radius, effective mass, effective driving force and Young’s elastic modulus of the drumhead material. This scheme is applicable to any configuration of Fabry-Perot cavities, including plate and membrane resonators. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometers

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3-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cardiovascular Tissues: Emerging Technology

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JACC: Basic to Translational Science 2021年第5期6卷 467-482页

作者： Sung, Kevin Patel, Nisha R. Ashammakhi, Nureddin Nguyen, Kim-Lien Division of Cardiology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Division of Cardiology Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles CA United States Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University of Chicago Maywood IL United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Radiology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting may overcome challenges in tissue engineering. Unlike conventional tissue engineering approaches, 3D bioprinting has a proven ability to support vascularization of larger scale constructs and has been used for several cardiovascular applications. An overview of 3D bioprinting techniques, in vivo translation, and challenges are described. © 2021

关键词： 3-dimensional bioink bioprinting cardiovascular disease regenerative medicine tissue engineering

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X-ray image based on Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrices (GLCM) k-nearest neighbor (KNN) to detect tuberculosis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2536卷

作者： Suhariningsih Mohammad Yazid Bastomi Endah Purwanti Dita Aprilia Hariyani Perwira Annissa Dyah Permatasari Suryani Dyah Astuti Department of Physics Faculty of Sains and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Physics Faculty of Sains and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Information System Program Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sains and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is spread through coughing and sneezing which affects the lungs of people infected with pulmonary tuberculosis. One of the methods is using the thorax image. However, accuracy without a standard is the problem in this topic. It's caused by the analysis result depend on the ability of the medical experts only. In this study, a Tuberculosis detection program was designed using the k-nearest neighbor classification method and Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrices (GLCM) features as classification input. So that the detection program was expected to be a tool for medical experts who had standardized accuracy. The GLCM features were to input the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classification which are contrast, correlation, energy, entropy, and homogeneity. The program output was divided into 2 classes namely abnormal (tuberculosis) and normal. The combination of entropy-correlation and entropy-energy-correlation features by an optimal level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity showed a value of k=1 that is 92%, 92%, 92%.

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Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?

Evolving Earth

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Evolving Earth 2025年 3卷

作者： Marcio Cataldi Rafael Rangel Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves Sonia Jerez Juan Pedro Montávez Amar Halifa-Marín Luiz Landau Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group (MAR) Physics of the Earth Department of Physics Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Spain Climate System Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (LAMMOC) Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal Fluminense University Brazil Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE) Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.

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RETRACTED: Multi-objective planning of micro-grid system considering renewable energy and hydrogen storage systems with demand response

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 114卷 354-354页

作者： J.R. Zhu Yihua Jin Weihong Zhu Dong-Kun Lee Navid Bohlooli Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul South Korea College of Agriculture Yanbian University JiLin China College of Geography and Ocean Sciences Yanbian University JiLin China Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Electrical Engineering Department Sun-Life Company Baku Azerbaijan

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Research on Matching Accuracy of Underwater Terrain Matching Algorithm Based on State Augmented Unscented Kalman Filter 3

Research on Matching Accuracy of Underwater Terrain Matching...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences, ICRAS 2019

作者： Lu, Xiong Jian, Shen Haitao, Liu Department of Radar System Ordnance NCO Academy of Army Engineering University Wuhan China Post-doctoral Program on Control Science and Engineering Naval University of Engineering Wuhan China Department of Basic Mathematics Naval University of Engineering Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108537

Underwater high-precision positioning is the basis of safe sailing and smooth operation for underwater autonomous vehicle (AUV). With the continuous expansion of marine surveys, the requirements for navigation accuracy of AUVs are also increasing. As the unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based terrain matching method can meet the high-precision positioning demand of underwater navigation, it becomes one of the hot research content in recent years. However, due to the insufficient robustness of UKF algorithm, under the condition of non-additive state noise, the initial distribution of Sigma points is prone to be unreasonable, which will reduce filter accuracy and even cause the recursive result divergence. In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of the underwater terrain matching algorithm, this paper introduces the method of nonlinear filtering state expansion. The system noise and measurement noise information are added into the system state matrix and the variance matrix, and obtains the state expansion UKF-based terrain matching algorithm. Since the noise and the estimation parameters are both participating in the filtering operation, the inaccurate prediction influence of initial noise can be reduced, and finally improves the accuracy and applicability of the underwater terrain matching algorithm. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Performance evaluation of four-wheel driving wheel tractor with diesel engine using biodiesel fuel

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期963卷

作者： D A Sasmito L T Mulyantara A Budiman Master Program in System Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281 Yogyakarta Indonesia Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development 15338 Tangerang Banten Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281 Yogyakarta Indonesia

The Indonesian government is committed to increasing biodiesel usage as renewable energy by 23% of national energy consumption by 2025. Implementing the mandatory biodiesel program must be carried out sustainably to help reduce fossil energy consumption, reduce air pollution, and reduce the effect of greenhouse gases. The Ministry of Agriculture studied applying biodiesel from palm oil in agricultural machinery, especially four-wheeled tractors, to help implement agricultural mechanization in Indonesia. The research objective was to determine the effect of biodiesel on the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine in several variations of the mixture to obtain the composition of biodiesel mixture that gave optimal engine performance. The experiment was conducted by testing the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine on a laboratory scale referring to SNI 7146-2019, using biodiesel fuel with a mixture of B10 to B100 variations. The result showed that biodiesel affects the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine. The efficiency of continuing engine power using biodiesel was the largest at B20 of 80.15% at the maximum governor and 80.97% at the standard PTO rotation of 540 rpm. The smallest power forwarding efficiency on the B100 was 76.12% at the maximum governor and 76.55% at 540 rpm PTO rotation. Biodiesel B20 provided the greatest maximum power of 23.55 kW, 44 kgf of torque, specific fuel consumption of 250.54 g/kW hours. At 540 rpm, PTO rotation produced a maximum power of 23.79 kW, 42 kgf of torque, the specific fuel consumption of 256.12 g/kW hours

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Frailty and Other Factors Associated With Early Outcomes in Middle-to Older Age Trauma Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

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American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2024年第2期32卷 244-255页

作者： Yeh, Tian-Shin Kang, Jiunn-Horng Littlejohns, Thomas J. Wu, Chia-Chieh Chen, Jin-Hua Piravej, Krisna Chiu, Wen-Ta Lam, Carlos Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Emergency Department Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Emergency School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Data Science College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Institutional Research Center Office of Data Science Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Biostatistics Center Department of Medical Research Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Chula Neuroscience Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok Thailand Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan AHMC Health System Alhambra CA United States

Objectives: To prospectively investigate associations of frailty and other predictor variables with functional recovery and health outcomes in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. Design: Single-center prospective cohort study. Setting: Emergency department of Wan Fang Hospital in Taiwan. Participants: Trauma patients aged 45 and older. Measurements: Frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Injury mechanisms, pre-existing diseases, and fracture locations were recorded at baseline. The primary outcome was functional recovery assessed using the Barthel Index (BI). Secondary outcomes were new care needs, unscheduled return visits, and falls 3 months postinjury. Results: A total of 588 participants were included in the final analysis. For every one-point increase in the CFS, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of failure to retain the preinjury BI was 1.34 (1.16–1.55);associations were consistent across levels of age and injury severities. Significant joint associations of frailty and age with poor functional recovery were observed. CFS was also associated with new care needs (OR for every one-point increase, 1.36, 95% CI, 1.17–1.58), unscheduled return visits (OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.04–1.51), and falls (OR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.01–1.51). Other variables associated with failure to retain preinjury BI included road traffic accident and presence of hip fracture. Conclusion: Frailty was significantly associated with poor functional and health outcomes regardless of injury severity in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. Injury mechanisms and fracture locations were also significant predictors of functional recovery postinjury. © 2023 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

关键词： Clinical Frailty Scale Frailty functional recovery injury middle-to older age

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