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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Three-Model Deep Learning Framework for ASL Recognition: Integrating CNN, Skeletal Features, and Multi-Modal Fusion

A Three-Model Deep Learning Framework for ASL Recognition: I...

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International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI)

作者： Karthikeyan J Vedant Passi Akshit Mahajan Md Zaid Zeya Divyam Jain Manas Gautam School of Computer Science Engineering and Information System VIT University Vellore India School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT University Vellore India

ISBN: (数字)9798331544607

ISBN: (纸本)9798331544614

American Sign Language (ASL) recognition is an important way of enhancing deaf and hard-of-hearing individu-als' access to communication. In this present paper, we propose a multi-modal deep learning model with the incorporation of image-based, skeletal-based, and hybrid recognition methods in the attempt to foster enhanced ASL classification accuracy. Our method takes real-time video input and utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image-based recognition as well as Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) for skeletal feature extraction. MediaPipe Hands is used to identify 21 hand landmarks, which are further used as input for skeletal-based classification. The dataset, which is gathered from Kaggle, comprises 78,000 images of 26 ASL alphabets (A-Z), and each model is trained individually to achieve the best performance. An ensemble final model uses the most confident classification out of the three approaches to achieve maximum accuracy and reliability. The system is real-time with confidence-based filtering and TTS support for better usability. The experimental results show that the multi-modal fusion approach outperforms single-modality models with high accuracy even in the case of diverse lighting conditions and hand orientations. Future directions involve using the model for sentence-level ASL recognition with LSTMs and deployment with optimizations on mobile and edge devices using TensorFlow Lite.

关键词： Hands Deep learning Adaptation models Sign language Accuracy Translation Computational modeling Real-time systems Mobile handsets Convolutional neural networks

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Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on the QUBO Quantum Computing Model 19th

Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on t...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Wang, Baonan Wang, Hui Zhang, Dan College of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of Logistic Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819608966

Current optimization methods for microgrid scheduling face issues such as insufficient precision in energy distribution, high operational costs, and inefficiency. In response to these challenges, an optimization scheduling method for multi-energy microgrids based on the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) quantum computing model is proposed in this paper, alongside a discretization approach based on a grid partitioning strategy. To validate the feasibility of addressing microgrid optimization scheduling problems in a quantum computing environment, a QUBO model is constructed and simulation studies are conducted in the qbsolv environment provided by D-Wave. The results indicate that operational costs are significantly reduced with an increase in the number of grids, particularly a reduction of 4.52% when the number of grids increases from five to ten. This method not only effectively enhances the precision of electricity supply and energy utilization efficiency but also reduces unnecessary electrical waste and economic costs. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Microgrids

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Location Privacy Preservation Crowdsensing With Federated Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 1877-1894页

作者： You, Zhichao Dong, Xuewen Liu, Ximeng Gao, Sheng Wang, Yongzhi Shen, Yulong Xidian University School of Computer Science and Technology The Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Technology Application and Evaluation Ministry of Education Xi'an710071 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing Xi'an710071 China Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350025 China Central University of Finance and Economics School of Information Beijing102206 China California State Polytechnic University Pomona Department of Computer Information Systems PomonaCA91768 United States Xidian University School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an710071 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security Xi'an710071 China

Crowdsensing has become a popular method of sensing data collection while facing the problem of protecting participants' location privacy. Existing location-privacy crowdsensing mechanisms focus on static tasks and participants without considering sensing tasks' time requirements and participants' mobility, which cannot achieve satisfactory collected data quality and task completion in crowdsensing with dynamic tasks and participants. Inspired by this, we proposed a location-preservation crowdsensing mechanism, FedSense, considering dynamic tasks and participants based on federated learning (FL) and reinforcement learning (RL). In FedSense, through RL's outstanding decision-making ability, participants select sensing tasks to perform by well-trained RL models without uploading location information to servers for task allocation. We propose an independent tasks selection environment that defines actions, states, and rewards of RL to enable FedSense to achieve satisfactory task completion and data quality while preserving location privacy. Besides, FedSense applies an asynchronous FL aggregation algorithm that reduces participants' network stabilization and device computing ability requirements. Analysis proves that participants' location information does not leave the local device during the model training and task selection process, effectively avoiding privacy leakage. Simulation shows that compared with existing location-preservation crowdsensing mechanisms, FedSense achieves the highest task completion and sensing accuracy for dynamic tasks and participants. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data privacy

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Sustainable Optimization of Construction Project Portfolio Management Through a Data-Driven Approach 2nd

Sustainable Optimization of Construction Project Portfolio ...

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2nd Decision science Alliance International Summer Conference, DSA ISC 2024

作者： Lostumbo, Marisa A. Iniesta, Marc Bara Calvet, Laura Computer Science Department Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Spain EAE Business School Barcelona Spain Telecommunication and System Engineering Department Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Sabadell Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783031782374

Effective management of construction project portfolios demands informed decisions driven by data and mathematical models, aiming to enhance decision-making and address complex decision problems. This article introduces an innovative approach that prioritizes sustainability criteria selection, utilizing data-driven insights and mathematical optimization to optimize project portfolio management. Through multi-objective optimization, our study targets improved resource efficiency, time reduction, and minimized environmental impact, offering portfolio managers a powerful tool for decision-making. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Project management

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Real-Time Myanmar Hand Gestures Recognition Using Deep Learning Models 8th

Real-Time Myanmar Hand Gestures Recognition Using Deep Learn...

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8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, ICIT 2023

作者： Kyaw, Nwe Ni Mitra, Pabitra Sinha, G.R. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal721302 India Indian Knowledge System Lab International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore Karnataka Bengaluru560100 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819738588

The proposed system for recognizing Myanmar sign language between individuals who are deaf. The aim of this study is to develop deep learning models for the purpose of accurately identifying dynamic hand gesture images depicting 14 classes of Myanmar words and numbers. The present system utilizes a new dataset comprising 7834 images for 14 classes obtained through Webcam. The objective of this study is to enhance the robustness of the new model. Next, we proceed to evaluate the proposed model by comparing them to those of existing convolutional neural network models. These models are generally recognized as effective deep-learning approaches for recognition tasks. The proposed model exhibits a performance level of 96% for both validation and testing accuracies. Furthermore, the experimental finding demonstrates that the model, convolutional layers, achieved an accuracy of 100% in recognizing Myanmar Sign Language (MSL). © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Multi-Dimensional Training Optimization for Efficient Federated Synergy Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Fu, Shucun Dong, Fang Chen, Runze Shen, Dian Zhang, Jinghui He, Qiang Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing China Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan China

Edge learning (EL) is an end-to-edge collaborative learning paradigm enabling devices to participate in model training and data analysis, opening countless opportunities for edge intelligence. As a promising EL framework, federated synergy learning (FSyL) mitigates the computation and communication overhead on resource-constrained devices by offloading partial model layers to the edge server for synergistic training. Nevertheless, due to the system and statistical heterogeneity, naively using existing FSyL methods is significantly time-consuming and causes accuracy degradation. Motivated by this issue, this paper introduces a novel FSyL framework that integrates multi-dimensional training optimization and formulates the edge learning cost minimization (ELCM) problem. To tackle the ELCM efficiently, we design OL-MG, an OnLine Model Splitting and Resource Provisioning Game. Specifically, we first reformulate and decompose the original ELCM based on data quality evaluation. Then, given a model splitting decision, we determine the optimal resource provisioning in Sub-problem1, based on which optimal model splitting in Sub-problem2 is modeled as a potential game. Subsequently, we introduce a decentralized algorithm to find a Nash equilibrium (NE) solution. Furthermore, we further extend OL-MG to support a budget-aware multi-edge scenario. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed mechanism significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in cost-saving and accuracy improvement. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Marching Page Walks: Batching and Concurrent Page Table Walks for Enhancing GPU Throughput 31

Marching Page Walks: Batching and Concurrent Page Table Walk...

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31st IEEE International Symposium on High Performance computer Architecture, HPCA 2025

作者： Lee, Jiwon Ko, Gun Yoon, Myung Kuk Jeong, Ipoom Oh, Yunho Ro, Won Woo Ewha Womans University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Yonsei University Department of System Semiconductor Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Yonsei University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Korea University School of Electrical Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506476

Virtual memory, with the support of address translation hardware, is a key technique in expanding programmability and memory management in GPUs. However, the nature of the GPU execution model heavily pressures its translation hardware, particularly due to a discrepancy in the behavior of page table walkers and thousands of concurrently running threads. In GPU workloads, multiple threads simultaneously access a number of pages necessitating a substantial number of translations whereas each walker handles only a single walk request at a time. Such a limitation significantly increases the queueing latency of walk requests, which we observe as a major bottleneck for servicing page table walks in GPUs. To tackle this challenge, we investigate a design of page walkers that facilitates multiple walk requests to be handled together in batches. Then, we make the following observations: 1) allowing a page walker to issue beyond a single memory request significantly improves the throughput of walkers, and 2) GPU applications tend to concurrently access pages in wide address ranges. By leveraging the above implications, we propose Marching Page Walks (MPW) that effectively mitigate the contention in GPU page table walkers. MPW scans pending walk requests to identify ones that can be grouped together. Then, MPW batches these requests and concurrently handles them by issuing multiple memory instructions. Experiments show that MPW reduces the queueing latency of page walks by 86.7% and improves GPU performance by 55.6% over the baseline design. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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SAM-COD+: SAM-Guided Unified Framework for Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年第5期35卷 4635-4647页

作者： Chen, Huafeng Wei, Pengxu Guo, Guangqian Gao, Shan Northwestern Polytechnical University Unmanned System Research Institute Xi’an710072 China National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Xi’an710072 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China

Most Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) methods heavily rely on mask annotations, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive to acquire. Existing weakly-supervised COD approaches exhibit significantly inferior performance compared to fully-supervised methods and struggle to simultaneously support all the existing types of camouflaged object labels, including scribbles, bounding boxes, and points. Even for Segment Anything Model (SAM), it is still problematic to handle the weakly-supervised COD and it typically encounters challenges of prompt compatibility of the scribble labels, extreme response, semantically erroneous response, and unstable feature representations, producing unsatisfactory results in camouflaged scenes. To mitigate these issues, we propose a unified COD framework in this paper, termed SAM-COD, which is capable of supporting arbitrary weakly-supervised labels. Our SAM-COD employs a prompt adapter to handle scribbles as prompts based on SAM. Meanwhile, we introduce response filter and semantic matcher modules to improve the quality of the masks obtained by SAM under COD prompts. To alleviate the negative impacts of inaccurate mask predictions, a new strategy of prompt-adaptive knowledge distillation is utilized to ensure a reliable feature representation. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we have conducted extensive empirical experiments on three mainstream COD benchmarks. The results demonstrate the superiority of our method against state-of-the-art weakly-supervised and even fully-supervised methods. Our source codes and trained models will be publicly released. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Object recognition

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Laser Scribed CNTs/PEEK/TPU Composites Film for High-Performance Stretchable Electrodes

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 16666-16674页

作者： Jiang, Caiyun Tang, Lei Hou, Jian Ding, Guqiao Sheng, Bin University of Shanghai for Science and Technology College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai200050 China

In this article, an elastic composite material comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is presented, in which direct laser-induced graphitization was used to fabricate high-performance stretchable electrodes. The introduction of CNTs can enhance the conductivity and mechanical strength of the composites, thus improving the overall performance of the sensors. Flexible strain sensors with porous structures were prepared by appropriate encapsulation methods, which exhibited superior gauge factors (GFs) of 72, 367, and 972 in the 0%–30%, 30%–44%, and 44%–53% strain regions, respectively. Furthermore, it features a rapid response time (100 ms), excellent stability and durability, and is capable of detecting both large-scale human movement and monitoring of small physical signals. In addition, patterned laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes (LIG-IDEs) were fabricated on composites using laser light. Highly sensitive humidity sensors were obtained using graphene oxide as the humidity-sensing material for respiratory monitoring and noncontact sensing. The thermoplastic properties of TPU allow the straight fiber to be thermoformed into highly stretchable helical electrode, which was of a helix index of 5 and with a high-quality factor (Q = 130) at 1250% strain. In conclusion, the preparation of LIG on stretchable composite films by direct laser scribing shows a promising approach for large-scale fabrication of wearable devices. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Humidity sensors

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