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UAV-Assisted Dynamic Avatar Task Migration for Vehicular Metaverse Services: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 430-445页

作者： Jiawen Kang Junlong Chen Minrui Xu Zehui Xiong Yutao Jiao Luchao Han Dusit Niyato Yongju Tong Shengli Xie IEEE School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing based on IoT Technology Guangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoT Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingaporeSingapore College of Communication Engineering Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210007China National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and IoT in Manufacturing Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information Technology Guangzhou 510006China

Avatars, as promising digital representations and service assistants of users in Metaverses, can enable drivers and passengers to immerse themselves in 3D virtual services and spaces of UAV-assisted vehicular Metaverses. However, avatar tasks include a multitude of human-to-avatar and avatar-to-avatar interactive applications, e.g., augmented reality navigation,which consumes intensive computing resources. It is inefficient and impractical for vehicles to process avatar tasks locally. Fortunately, migrating avatar tasks to the nearest roadside units(RSU)or unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) for execution is a promising solution to decrease computation overhead and reduce task processing latency, while the high mobility of vehicles brings challenges for vehicles to independently perform avatar migration decisions depending on current and future vehicle status. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel avatar task migration system based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL) to execute immersive vehicular avatar tasks dynamically. Specifically, we first formulate the problem of avatar task migration from vehicles to RSUs/UAVs as a partially observable Markov decision process that can be solved by MADRL algorithms. We then design the multi-agent proximal policy optimization(MAPPO) approach as the MADRL algorithm for the avatar task migration problem. To overcome slow convergence resulting from the curse of dimensionality and non-stationary issues caused by shared parameters in MAPPO, we further propose a transformer-based MAPPO approach via sequential decision-making models for the efficient representation of relationships among agents. Finally, to motivate terrestrial or non-terrestrial edge servers(e.g., RSUs or UAVs) to share computation resources and ensure traceability of the sharing records, we apply smart contracts and blockchain technologies to achieve secure sharing management. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach

关键词： Avatar blockchain metaverses multi-agent deep reinforcement learning transformer UAVs

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Enhancing Pulmonary Nodule Classification performance with TriCaps-RL: A Capsule Network Reinforcement Learning Approach

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2024年第3期9卷 1441-1459页

作者： Zheng, Guang-Yuan Zhang, Fu-Quan Cheng, Chen Shan, Hong-Tao Soomro, Nouman Qadeer Liu, Yi College of Information Technology Shanghai Jian Qiao University Shanghai201306 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Yanan University Shaanxi 716000 China School of Computer and Data Science Minjiang University No.200 Xiyuangong Road Fuzhou University Town Fuzhou350108 China Digital Media Art Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Conservatory of Music Chengdu610021 China Fuzhou Technology Innovation Center of intelligent Manufacturing information System Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Province University Fuzhou350300 China College of Business Shanghai Jian Qiao University Shanghai201306 China College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai201620 China Software Department Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Sindh 76062 Pakistan

Distinguishing the manifestations of pulmonary nodules poses a significant challenge in the medical field, demanding the expertise of experienced radiologists. This complexity results in the high cost and inadequacy of sample labeling. In response, this study introduces a reinforcement learning approach, denoted as TriCaps-RL, for the classification of pulmonary nodules based on CT signs. This approach initially employs the Q-value loss to train a single CapsNet. When the performance of the CapsNet plateaus and further enhancement becomes challenging, the loss function is progressively replaced by a triplet metric to augment performance. Consequently, a more nuanced differentiation among various types of pulmonary nodules is achieved. The proposed method can improve its performance through interactions with radiologists during their CT image reading process, thereby mitigating the shortage of radiologists and addressing the time-consuming issue of training sample labeling in medical image research. This paper delves into the fine-grained classification of pulmonary nodules using deep reinforcement learning based on CT imaging signs. In comparison to previous studies that primarily concentrate on the benign/malignant classification of lung nodules, this fine-grained classification of nodules founded on CT imaging signs proves to be more valuable for medical practitioners in making accurate diagnostic decisions. © 2024, Taiwan Ubiquitous Information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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MYSTERIOUS ACTION DETECTION by SPEED and DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS in IMAGE PROCESSING 1

MYSTERIOUS ACTION DETECTION by SPEED and DISPLACEMENT ANALYS...

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1st IEEE International Interdisciplinary Humanitarian Conference for Sustainability, IIHC 2022

作者： Vishnupriya, S. Darwin Nesakumar, A. Mounika, S. Pavithra, K.N. R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering India R.M.K. Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering India R.M.D.Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Business System India R.M.D.Engineering College Department of Computer Science Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665456876

There are now three moving target detection algorithms: The optical flow methodology, the background difference technique, and the inter-frame difference method are all employed. The optical flow technique has the most complex algorithm and takes the longest to process data compared to other approaches. The background subtraction(BS) approach, on the other hand, is recognised for its high sensitivity to light changes. Finally, while the frame difference approach is very straightforward and quick to use, the findings are insufficiently accurate due to backdrop brightness fluctuations causing mistakes. In this paper, the objective is to discover strange actions in image processing using speed and displacement analysis. Motion is detected using Incremental and Multi-feature Tensor Subspace Learning (IMTSL) Applied for Background Modeling and Subtraction. Following IMTSL Background Subtraction, different image analysis were performed on the resulting pictures for displacement estimate, followed by speed computation. The results demonstrate improved backdrop modelling and action prediction. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Optical flows

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Security Issues and Defensive Approaches in Deep Learning Frameworks

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2021年第6期26卷 894-905页

作者： Hongsong Chen Yongpeng Zhang Yongrui Cao Jing Xie Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science Beijing 100083China Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China Defense Electronics Institute China Industrial Control System Cyber Emergency Response TeamBeijing 100040China

Deep learning frameworks promote the development of artificial intelligence and demonstrate considerable potential in numerous ***,the security issues of deep learning frameworks are among the main risks preventing the wide application of *** on deep learning frameworks by malicious internal or external attackers would exert substantial effects on society and *** start with a description of the framework of deep learning algorithms and a detailed analysis of attacks and vulnerabilities in *** propose a highly comprehensive classification approach for security issues and defensive approaches in deep learning frameworks and connect different attacks to corresponding defensive ***,we analyze a case of the physical-world use of deep learning security *** addition,we discuss future directions and open issues in deep learning *** hope that our research will inspire future developments and draw attention from academic and industrial domains to the security of deep learning frameworks.

关键词： adversarial examples deep learning frameworks defensive approaches security issues

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A Novel Metadata Based Multi-Label Document Classification Technique

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computer systems science & engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2195-2214页

作者： Naseer Ahmed Sajid Munir Ahmad Atta-ur Rahman Gohar Zaman Mohammed Salih Ahmed Nehad Ibrahim Mohammed Imran BAhmed Gomathi Krishnasamy Reem Alzaher Mariam Alkharraa Dania AlKhulaifi Maryam AlQahtani Asiya A.Salam Linah Saraireh Mohammed Gollapalli Rashad Ahmed Barani Institute of Information Technology(BIIT) PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi46000PunjabPakistan Department of Computer Science(CS) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Faculty Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu PahatMalaysia Department of Computer Engineering(CE) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia College of Business Administration Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information System(CIS) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia ICS Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

From the beginning,the process of research and its publication is an ever-growing phenomenon and with the emergence of web technologies,its growth rate is *** a rough estimate,more than thirty thousand research journals have been issuing around four million papers annually on *** engines,indexing services,and digital libraries have been searching for such publications over the ***,getting the most relevant articles against the user requests is yet a *** is mainly because the articles are not appropriately indexed based on the hierarchies of granular subject *** overcome this issue,researchers are striving to investigate new techniques for the classification of the research articles especially,when the complete article text is not available(a case of nonopen access articles).The proposed study aims to investigate the multilabel classification over the available metadata in the best possible way and to assess,“to what extent metadata-based features can perform in contrast to content-based approaches.”In this regard,novel techniques for investigating multilabel classification have been proposed,developed,and evaluated on metadata such as the Title and Keywords of the *** proposed technique has been assessed for two diverse datasets,namely,from the Journal of universal computer science(***)and the benchmark dataset comprises of the articles published by the Association for computing machinery(ACM).The proposed technique yields encouraging results in contrast to the state-ofthe-art techniques in the literature.

关键词： Multilabel classification indexing metadata content/data mining

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Intersecting-boundary-sensitive fingerprinting for tampering detection of DNN models 24

Intersecting-boundary-sensitive fingerprinting for tampering...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Xiaofan Bai Chaoxiang He Xiaojing Ma Bin Benjamin Zhu Hai Jin School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System and Services Computing Technology and System Lab and Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security and Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Microsoft School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology and National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System and Services Computing Technology and System Lab and Cluster and Grid Computing Lab.

Cloud-based AI services offer numerous benefits but also introduce vulnerabilities, allowing for tampering with deployed DNN models, ranging from injecting malicious behaviors to reducing computing resources. Fingerprint samples are generated to query models to detect such tampering. In this paper, we present Intersecting-Boundary-Sensitive Fingerprinting (IBSF), a novel method for black-box integrity verification of DNN models using only top-1 labels. Recognizing that tampering with a model alters its decision boundary, IBSF crafts fingerprint samples from normal samples by maximizing the partial Shannon entropy of a selected subset of categories to position the fingerprint samples near decision boundaries where the categories in the subset intersect. These fingerprint samples are almost indistinguishable from their source samples. We theoretically establish and confirm experimentally that these fingerprint samples' expected sensitivity to tampering increases with the cardinality of the subset. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that IBSF surpasses existing state-of-the-art fingerprinting methods, particularly with larger subset cardinality, establishing its state-of-the-art performance in black-box tampering detection using only top-1 labels. The IBSF code is available at: https://***/CGCL-codes/IBSF.

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Encoder Augmentation for Multi-Task Graph Contrastive Learning

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qiqi Liu, Gen Zhao, Zhongying Cui, Hongzhi College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Inspur Communication Information System Co Jinan250100 China

Graph contrastive learning (GCL), as one of the most popular self-supervised paradigms, has achieved a great deal of success in the field of graph representation learning. However, many GCL methods face a limitation in generating diverse enough views due to the absence of prior knowledge, leading to suboptimal performance. Moreover, the community structures are rarely considered. We argue that the semantic similarities among nodes within the same community substantially contribute to graph analyzing tasks. To address these issues, we propose an Encoder Augmentation for Multi-task Graph Contrastive Learning method, known as EA-MGCL. Specifically, we introduce a multi-layer information weighting aggregation method to enhance the diversity of the generated views within the encoder augmentation module. Additionally, we present a multi-task graph contrastive learning module to discern local community information. The proposed EA-MGCL effectively captures and leverages node-level, node-community-level, and community-level information via three contrastive learning strategies. Extensive experimental results on six real-world datasets demonstrate that EA-MGCL achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. The codes of this work are available at https://***/ZZY-GraphMiningLab/EA-MGCL. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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A Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer-based Multi-hop Clustering Routing Protocol for RF Energy Harvesting-Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2023年第3期8卷 991-1007页

作者： Wang, Ji-Hong Su, Xi-Tong Ge, Yi-Yang Chen, Yeh-Cheng Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University China School of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power University 169 Changchun Road Jilin132012 China Department of Computer Science University of California DavisCA001313 United States

Radio frequency energy harvesting (RF EH) and clustering are promising solutions to solve the energy constraint problem faced by cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). However, study on clustering routing protocol design for RF EH-CRSNs is still in the initial stage, and there lacks of solutions for inter-cluster routing problem, which restricts the network scalability. In addition, unbalanced harvested energy and energy consumption may result in premature death of nodes in key position, which will significantly reduce the network performance. In this paper, a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol (SMCRP) is proposed for RF EH-CRSNs to well balance the residual energy distribution among nodes and postpone node death. Apart from the RF energy harvested from dedicated or ambi-ent energy sources, the energy obtained through intra-cluster and inter-cluster SWIPT is also considered to facilitate high-quality cluster heads selection, cluster formation and inter-cluster route establishment. Power splitting ratio is derived based on the residual energy of CRSNs nodes and their energy consumption to enable effective implementation of SWIPT in CRSNs. Simulation results show that SMCRP is effective in balancing the residual energy distribution among nodes and improving node sustainability. To be specific, compared with current clustering protocols, the network lifetime is extended by 64.07% while intra-cluster energy balance degree and network energy balance degree are improved by 15.1% and 7.82%, respectively. © 2023 ISSN 2414-8105 (Online).

关键词： Cognitive radio

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Traffic Light Control Using Reinforcement Learning 2

Traffic Light Control Using Reinforcement Learning

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication systems, ICICACS 2024

作者： Masfequier Rahman Swapno, S.M. Nuruzzaman Nobel, S.M. Ramachandra, A.C. Islam, Md Babul Haque, Rezaul Rahman, Mohammad Mominur Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Dept of CSE Dhaka Bangladesh Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru India UNICAL Dept. of Computer Modeling Electronic and System Engineering Rende Italy East West University Dept of CSE Dhaka1212 Bangladesh Hamad Bin Khalifa University College of Science and Engineering Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317558

Nowadays, one of the biggest issues in urban areas is traffic. This problem wastes important time and contributes to air and sound pollution. This affects people's general quality of life in addition to posing health dangers. Our study attempts to mitigate these problems, effectively cutting down on wait times and delays. Our Reinforcement Learning method creates intelligent agents that can adjust traffic lights at crossings instantly. Our objective is to minimize delays, reduce congestion, reduce travel times, improve safety, and improve traffic flow. We implemented the Deep Q Learning algorithm which activities yield the greatest benefits under various traffic scenarios. Our model can the sequence time since the Green signal (GS) lasts 10 seconds and the Red signal (RS) lasts 5 seconds. The waiting period is shortened by 50% as a result. This study suggests reinforcement learning may improve traffic signal controller synchronization and urban traffic congestion. This novel method may improve transport efficiency and sustainability. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Action Deep Q Learning GS Model Q Value Rewards RS State Traffic signal vehicles Waiting Time

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LightDAG: A Low-latency DAG-based BFT Consensus through Lightweight Broadcast

LightDAG: A Low-latency DAG-based BFT Consensus through Ligh...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Xiaohai Dai Guanxiong Wang Jiang Xiao Zhengxuan Guo Rui Hao Xia Xie Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University of Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Hainan University China

ISBN: (数字)9798350387117

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387124

To improve the throughput of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols, the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) topology has been introduced to parallel data processing, leading to the development of DAG-based BFT consensus. However, existing DAG-based works heavily rely on Reliable Broadcast (RBC) protocols for block broadcasting, which introduces significant latency due to the three communication steps involved in each RBC. For instance, DAGRider, a representative DAG-based protocol, exhibits the best latency of 12 steps, considerably higher than non-DAG protocols like PBFT, which only requires 3 steps. To tackle this issue, we propose LightDAG, which replaces RBC with lightweight broadcasting protocols such as Consistent Broadcast (CBC) and Plain Broadcast (PBC). Since CBC and PBC can be implemented in two and one communication steps, respectively, LightDAG achieves low *** our proposal, we present two variants of LightDAG, namely LightDAG1 and LightDAG2, each providing a trade-off between the best latency and the expected worst latency. In LightDAG1, every block is broadcast using CBC, which exhibits a best latency of 5 steps and an expected worst latency of 14 steps. Since CBC cannot guarantee the totality property, we design a block retrieval mechanism in LightDAG1 to assist replicas in retrieving missing blocks. LightDAG2 utilizes a combination of PBC and CBC for block broadcasting, resulting in the best latency of 4 steps and an expected worst latency of 12(t+1) steps, where t represents the number of actual Byzantine replicas. Since a Byzantine replica may equivocate through PBC, LightDAG2 prohibits blocks from directly referencing contradictory blocks. To ensure liveness, we propose a mechanism to identify and exclude Byzantine replicas if they engage in equivocation attacks. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate LightDAG, and the results demonstrate its feasibility and efficiency.

关键词： Fault tolerance Distributed processing Directed acyclic graph Fault tolerant systems Broadcasting Throughput Data processing

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