The critical infrastructures of the nation such as the power grid and the communication network are highly interdependent. Also, it has been observed that there exists complex interdependent relationships between indi...
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Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise in numerous domains, there are concerns about generalizability to out-of-sample data. This is currently addressed by centrally sharing ample, and importantly diverse, d...
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It is common knowledge that the decision of an individual regarding adoption of a product or technology is, more often than not, heavily influenced by their friends and acquaintances. In real world, there are differen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467385800
It is common knowledge that the decision of an individual regarding adoption of a product or technology is, more often than not, heavily influenced by their friends and acquaintances. In real world, there are different competing products and innovations that try to garner as many loyal followers as possible. Over the past few years, there has been a significant interest in the research community to study social network problems with a flavor of competition. Such problems often focus on identification of a set of people in a given social network by the competing players in order to achieve some goal. In this paper, we introduce the weighted Segregating Vertex Set (wSVS) problem, in which we are given a weighted undirected graph with a subset of nodes identified as the seedset of the first player and the goal for the second player is to identify a subset of nodes (firewall) of minimum cumulative weight, such that the total weight of the nodes reachable by the first player is strictly less than the total weight of the nodes not reachable by the first player. Thus, the second player tries to contain the reach of the first player within the social network community. This problem is also relevant for containment of disease in epidemiology, containment of forest fire and several other domains. We prove that this problem is NP-complete and provide an optimal solution through the use of Mixed Integer Linear programming. We also provide a heuristic solution for the wSVS problem and show its efficacy through detailed experimentation. Our heuristic solution delivers near optimal solution in lesser time compared to that needed to find the optimal solution.
In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhous...
In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A
This paper presents the design and analysis of welding fixtures based on transient thermal analysis. Welding fixtures is designed to hold and support the workpiece securely during the welding process. The heat transfo...
This paper presents the design and analysis of welding fixtures based on transient thermal analysis. Welding fixtures is designed to hold and support the workpiece securely during the welding process. The heat transformation from the workpiece could lead the temperature rises and impacts to the welding fixtures. Therefore, the study introduces the development of welding fixtures as one of a safety measure prevents the welder from injury while handling welding process. The conceptual design of welding fixtures and material were applied to conduct the simulation. Transient thermal analysis was performed on temperature and total heat flux by using computer aided engineering software. The result shows the analysis of equivalent stress, total deformation, factors of safety, fatigue life and fatigue damage. Furthermore, the equivalent stress failure theory used to predict yielding in welding fixture design. The design of welding fixtures and material selection were proposed to hold and support the workpiece securely.
Distributed storage of data files in different nodes of a network enhances its fault tolerance capability by offering protection against node and link failures. Reliability is often achieved through redundancy in one ...
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Distributed storage of data files in different nodes of a network enhances its fault tolerance capability by offering protection against node and link failures. Reliability is often achieved through redundancy in one of the following two ways: (i) storage of multiple copies of the entire file at different locations (nodes) or (ii) storage of file segments (not entire files) at different node locations. In the (N, K) file distribution scheme, N file segments from a file F are created in such a way that it is possible to reconstruct the entire file, just by accessing any K ≤ N segments. For the reconstruction scheme to work, it is essential that the K segments of the file are stored in nodes that are connected in the network. However, in the event of node/link failures, the network might become disconnected (i.e., split into several connected components). We focus on node failures that are spatially correlated or region based. Such failures are often encountered in disaster situations or natural calamities where only the nodes in the disaster zone are affected. The first goal of this research is to design a least cost file storage scheme to ensure that no matter which region is destroyed;resulting in fragmentation of the network, a largest connected component of the residual network will have enough file segments with which to reconstruct the entire file. In case the least cost to ensure this objective is within the allocated budget, the storage design will be all region fault-tolerant (ARFT). In case the least cost exceeds the allocated budget, design of an ARFT file storage system design is impossible. The second goal of this research is to design file storage schemes that will be maximum region fault-tolerant within the allocated budget. The third goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the coding parameters N and K on storage requirements for ensuring all region or \textit{maximum region} fault-tolerant design. We provide maximum region fault-toleran
Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancies, with different degrees of aggressiveness, variable prognosis and various heterogeneous histologic sub-regions, i.e., peritumoral edematous/invaded tissue, necrot...
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