We establish an open framework for developing plan optimization models for knowledge-based planning (KBP) in radiotherapy. Our framework includes reference plans for 100 patients with head-and-neck cancer and high-qua...
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Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) can lead to chiral mode switching as the system parameters are varied along a path that encircles EP. However, conventional encircling protocols result in low transmitta...
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Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) can lead to chiral mode switching as the system parameters are varied along a path that encircles EP. However, conventional encircling protocols result in low transmittance due to path-dependent losses. Here, we present a paradigm to encircle EPs that includes fast Hamiltonian variations on the parameter boundaries, termed Hamiltonian hopping, enabling ultrahigh-efficiency chiral mode switching. This protocol avoids path-dependent loss and allows us to experimentally demonstrate nearly 90% efficiency at 1550 nm in the clockwise direction, overcoming a long-standing challenge of non-Hermitian optical systems and powering up new opportunities for EP physics.
Observation of resonance modes is the most straightforward way of studying mechanical oscillations because these modes have maximum response to stimuli. However, a deeper understanding of mechanical motion could be ob...
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It is imperative to develop tools to characterize cells with the diseased and normal mitochondria to monitor the healthiness of cells and take preventive measures for potential mitochondrial disease development. Here,...
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Lubricant is an essential compound for pharmaceutical formulation since it is often required to ensure the success of pharmaceutical manufacturing especially tablet compression and capsule filling process. Most lubric...
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Lubricant is an essential compound for pharmaceutical formulation since it is often required to ensure the success of pharmaceutical manufacturing especially tablet compression and capsule filling process. Most lubricants used in pharmaceutical industry are boundary lubricants. The most commonly used boundary lubricants are metallic salts of fatty acids such as magnesium stearate and stearic acid. However, other lubricants, including fatty acid esters, inorganic materials and polymers have been used in the cases when stearic acid and metallic salts of fatty acids do not meet the performance expectation. In this study, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, aluminium monostearate and glyceryl dibehenate were chosen as the boundary lubricants whereas ibuprofen (IBU) was employed as the model drug. The aims of this study are to investigate the incompatibility between IBU and these boundary lubricants and to observe the alteration of crystallinity and thermal properties with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques. The eutectic formation between IBU and all boundary lubricants was revealed with DSC, PXRD and HSM techniques. The thermal properties of individual substance and all physical mixture (PM) between IBU and lubricants from DSC analysis were confirmed with the HSM technique. The partial melting temperature (PMT) and complete melting temperature (CMT) observed from HSM were close to the thermal parameters obtained from DSC results. Moreover, FT-IR spectra indicated an interaction between IBU and boundary lubricants via hydrogen bonding since the vibrational frequency in the region 1700–1400 cm −1 shifted to lower value. This understanding of alteration of crystallinity and thermal properties from incompatibility between compounds is beneficial for pharmaceutical solid dosage form development.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients with lung cancer, but the risk factors and incidence in different lung cancer subtypes have not been fully characterized. Despite multiple studies su...
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients with lung cancer, but the risk factors and incidence in different lung cancer subtypes have not been fully characterized. Despite multiple studies supporting the use of VTE prophylaxis in patients with cancer at increased risk of VTE by the Khorana score (KS), routine use of VTE prophylaxis is uncommon in clinical practice for these patients. This study further characterizes the risk factors and incidence of VTE and in patients with lung cancer at a university cancer center. Further, we assessed the association of KS and its individual components with overall survival in this same group of patients with lung cancer. Utilizing natural language processing and human review to detect thrombotic events in the electronic medical record, a 12-month incidence of 10.1% was identified in the 632 lung cancer patients analyzed. Significant risk factors included age <60 years and white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 11× 10 9 /L, but KS itself was not significantly associated with VTE. The median overall survival was 12 months with VTE. The KS, age ≥ 60 years, stage III-IV, WBC ≥ 11× 10 9 /L, Hgb <10 gm/dL, BMI, surgery and VTE were identified as significant predictors of death. These findings warrant further validation, as the KS and two of its individual components in this study of lung cancer were significantly associated with reduced overall survival.
According to the theory of coordinated reset (CR) stimulation, multifocal bursts of stimuli delivered in a random order with a specific interval may reduce the resonance power of the oscillatory generator in the epice...
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According to the theory of coordinated reset (CR) stimulation, multifocal bursts of stimuli delivered in a random order with a specific interval may reduce the resonance power of the oscillatory generator in the epicenter. We develop a noninvasive coordinated multifocal burst stimulation (COMBS) with three repetitive transcranial stimulation machines based on CR theory to modulate the target frequency in the primary motor cortex and to assess its effect on motor cortical excitability in separate experiments. Electroencephalography and electromyography were recorded in 16 healthy participants during a finger-tapping task, both before and after the intervention. The resting oscillatory power at the targeted frequency was not changed by COMBS. α-Band power was increased in both preparation and movement stages and the low β-band power was increased in the movement stage of the finger tapping task. The extent of low β-band event-related desynchronization was reduced by COMBS. There were no changes in reaction time, but there was a trend for a reduced error rate after COMBS. In another 14 healthy participants, there were no significant changes in cortical excitability before and after COMBS measured by rest motor threshold, short interval intracortical inhibition, short interval intracortical facilitation, and cortical silent period. The result indicates that COMBS may modify the cortical oscillatory power and its perturbation within specific movement stage. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to apply coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation to the motor cortex with three repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) stimulators to assess its effect on cortical oscillation. The results revealed enhancement of α-band power specifically in preparation and movement stages and low β-band power in the movement stage of a motor task. It postulated that CR stimulation may modify the motor cortical oscillation in the specific movement stages.
he Lobula Giant Movement Detector (LGMD) is an identified neuron of the locust that detects looming objects and triggers the insect’s escape responses. Understanding the neural principles and network structure that l...
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