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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Yechao Hu, Shengshan Zhang, Leo Yu Shi, Junyu Li, Minghui Liu, Xiaogeng Wan, Wei Jin, Hai School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab

Adversarial examples for deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be transferable: examples that successfully fool one white-box surrogate model can also deceive other black-box models with different architectures. Although a bunch of empirical studies have provided guidance on generating highly transferable adversarial examples, many of these findings fail to be well explained and even lead to confusing or inconsistent advice for practical use. In this paper, we take a further step towards understanding adversarial transferability, with a particular focus on surrogate aspects. Starting from the intriguing "little robustness" phenomenon, where models adversarially trained with mildly perturbed adversarial samples can serve as better surrogates for transfer attacks, we attribute it to a trade-off between two dominant factors: model smoothness and gradient similarity. Our research focuses on their joint effects on transferability, rather than demonstrating the separate relationships alone. Through a combination of theoretical and empirical analyses, we hypothesize that the data distribution shift induced by off-manifold samples in adversarial training is the reason that impairs gradient similarity. Building on these insights, we further explore the impacts of prevalent data augmentation and gradient regularization on transferability and analyze how the trade-off manifest in various training methods, thus building a comprehensive blueprint for the regulation mechanisms behind transferability. Finally, we provide a general route for constructing superior surrogates to boost transferability, which optimizes both model smoothness and gradient similarity simultaneously, e.g., the combination of input gradient regularization and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), validated by extensive experiments. In summary, we call for attention to the united impacts of these two factors for launching effective transfer attacks, rather than optimizing one while ignoring the other,

关键词： Deep neural networks

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3A-YOLO: New Real-Time Object Detectors with Triple Discriminative Awareness and Coordinated Representations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Xuecheng Xue, Junxiao Fu, Liangyu Nie, Jiayu Huang, Danlei Yin, Xinyi School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Research Center for Space Computing System Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

Recent research on real-time object detectors (e.g., YOLO series) has demonstrated the effectiveness of attention mechanisms for elevating model performance. Nevertheless, existing methods neglect to unifiedly deploy hierarchical attention mechanisms to construct a more discriminative YOLO head which is enriched with more useful intermediate features. To tackle this gap, this work aims to leverage multiple attention mechanisms to hierarchically enhance the triple discriminative awareness of the YOLO detection head and complementarily learn the coordinated intermediate representations, resulting in a new series detectors denoted 3A-YOLO. Specifically, we first propose a new head denoted TDA-YOLO Module, which unifiedly enhance the representations learning of scale-awareness, spatial-awareness, and task-awareness. Secondly, we steer the intermediate features to coordinately learn the inter-channel relationships and precise positional information. Finally, we perform neck network improvements followed by introducing various tricks to boost the adaptability of 3A-YOLO. Extensive experiments across COCO and VOC benchmarks indicate the effectiveness of our detectors. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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MISA: UNVEILING THE VULNERABILITIES IN SPLIT FEDERATED LEARNING

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wan, Wei Ning, Yuxuan Hu, Shengshan Xue, Lulu Li, Minghui Zhang, Leo Yu Jin, Hai School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System China Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are prevailing distributed paradigms in recent years. They both enable shared global model training while keeping data localized on users' devices. The former excels in parallel execution capabilities, while the latter enjoys low dependence on edge computing resources and strong privacy protection. Split federated learning (SFL) combines the strengths of both FL and SL, making it one of the most popular distributed architectures. Furthermore, a recent study has claimed that SFL exhibits robustness against poisoning attacks, with a fivefold improvement compared to FL in terms of robustness. In this paper, we present a novel poisoning attack known as MISA. It poisons both the top and bottom models, causing a misalignment in the global model, ultimately leading to a drastic accuracy collapse. This attack unveils the vulnerabilities in SFL, challenging the conventional belief that SFL is robust against poisoning attacks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed MISA poses a significant threat to the availability of SFL, underscoring the imperative for academia and industry to accord this matter due attention. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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SpirDet: Towards Efficient, Accurate and Lightweight Infrared Small Target Detector

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mao, Qianchen Li, Qiang Wang, Bingshu Zhang, Yongjun Dai, Tao Chen, C.L. Philip The School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Campus Suzhou215400 China The School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China The College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510641 China

In recent years, the detection of infrared small targets using deep learning methods has garnered substantial attention due to notable advancements. To improve the detection capability of small targets, these methods commonly maintain a pathway that preserves high-resolution features of sparse and tiny targets. However, it can result in redundant and expensive computations. To tackle this challenge, we propose SpirDet, a novel approach for efficient detection of infrared small targets. Specifically, to cope with the computational redundancy issue, we employ a new dual-branch sparse decoder to restore the feature map. Firstly, the fast branch directly predicts a sparse map indicating potential small target locations (occupying only 0.5% area of the map). Secondly, the slow branch conducts fine-grained adjustments at the positions indicated by the sparse map. Additionally, we design an lightweight DO-RepEncoder based on reparameterization with the Downsampling Orthogonality, which can effectively reduce memory consumption and inference latency. Extensive experiments show that the proposed SpirDet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models while achieving faster inference speed and fewer parameters. For example, on the IRSTD-1K dataset, SpirDet improves MIoU by 4.7 and has a 7× FPS acceleration compared to the previous state-of-the-art model. The code will be open to the public. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Detecting Backdoors During the Inference Stage Based on Corruption Robustness Consistency

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Xiaogeng Li, Minghui Wang, Haoyu Hu, Shengshan Ye, Dengpan Jin, Hai Wu, Libing Xiao, Chaowei School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System China Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University China Arizona State University United States

Deep neural networks are proven to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Detecting the trigger samples during the inference stage, i.e., the test-time trigger sample detection, can prevent the backdoor from being triggered. However, existing detection methods often require the defenders to have high accessibility to victim models, extra clean data, or knowledge about the appearance of backdoor triggers, limiting their practicality. In this paper, we propose the test-time corruption robustness consistency evaluation (TeCo)1, a novel test-time trigger sample detection method that only needs the hard-label outputs of the victim models without any extra information. Our journey begins with the intriguing observation that the backdoor-infected models have similar performance across different image corruptions for the clean images, but perform discrepantly for the trigger samples. Based on this phenomenon, we design TeCo to evaluate test-time robustness consistency by calculating the deviation of severity that leads to predictions' transition across different corruptions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that compared with state-of-the-art defenses, which even require either certain information about the trigger types or accessibility of clean data, TeCo outperforms them on different backdoor attacks, datasets, and model architectures, enjoying a higher AUROC by 10% and 5 times of stability. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crime

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TCSloT: Text Guided 3D Context and Slope Aware Triple Network for Dental Implant Position Prediction

TCSloT: Text Guided 3D Context and Slope Aware Triple Networ...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Xinquan Yang Jinheng Xie Xuechen Li Xuguang Li Linlin Shen Yongqiang Deng College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Show Lab National University of Singapore Singapore National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China

In implant prosthesis treatment, the surgical guide of implant is used to ensure accurate implantation. However, such design heavily relies on the manual location of the implant position. When deep neural network has been proposed to assist the dentist in locating the implant position, most of them take a single slice as input, which do not fully explore 3D contextual information and ignores the influence of implant slope. In this paper, we design a Text Guided 3D Context and Slope Aware Triple Network (TCSloT) to integrate the perception of contextual information from multiple adjacent slices and awareness of variation of implant slopes. A Texture Variation Perception (TVP) module is correspondingly design to process the multiple slices and capture the texture variation among slices and a Slope-Aware Loss (SAL) is proposed to dynamically assign adaptive weights for the regression head. Additionally, we design a conditional text guidance (CTG) module to integrate the text condition (i.e., left, middle and right) from the CLIP to assist the implant position prediction. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation, demonstrated that the proposed TCSloT achieves superior performance than existing methods.

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Can Large Language Models Serve as Evaluators for Code Summarization?

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Yang Wan, Yao Chu, Zhaoyang Zhao, Wenting Liu, Ye Zhang, Hongyu Shi, Xuanhua Yu, Philip S. Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Big Data and Social Computing Lab University of Illinois Chicago Chicago United States Salesforce Research Palo Alto United States School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China

Code summarization facilitates program comprehension and software maintenance by converting code snippets into natural-language descriptions. Over the years, numerous methods have been developed for this task, but a key challenge remains: effectively evaluating the quality of generated summaries. While human evaluation is effective for assessing code summary quality, it is labor-intensive and difficult to scale. Commonly used automatic metrics, such as BLEU, ROUGE-L, METEOR, and BERTScore, often fail to align closely with human judgments. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for evaluating code summarization. We propose CODERPE (Role-Player for Code Summarization Evaluation), a novel method that leverages role-player prompting to assess the quality of generated summaries. Specifically, we prompt an LLM agent to play diverse roles, such as code reviewer, code author, code editor, and system analyst. Each role evaluates the quality of code summaries across key dimensions, including coherence, consistency, fluency, and relevance. We further explore the robustness of LLMs as evaluators by employing various prompting strategies, including chain-of-thought reasoning, in-context learning, and tailored rating form designs. The results demonstrate that LLMs serve as effective evaluators for code summarization methods. Notably, our LLM-based evaluator, CODERPE, achieves an 81.59% Spearman correlation with human evaluations, outperforming the existing BERTScore metric by 17.27%. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： software agents

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Notes on the Architecture, League Training and PFSP in AlphaStar 16

Notes on the Architecture, League Training and PFSP in Alpha...

引用

16th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent systems and Knowledge engineering, ISKE 2021

作者： Zhao, Jianyang Zhou, Ningning Hong, Long Huaiyin Institute of Technology Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering Huaian China School of Computer Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China Research Center for Logic and Intelligent Computation National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of System Credibility Automatic Verification Huaian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405539

AlphaStar, a multi-agent intelligence program, is a new member of Alpha's gamer software. Rated at Grandmaster level in the empirical evaluation shows that AlphaStar has been a great success in engineering, which is another milestone in AI history. After a brief introduction to AlphaStar, we discussed its computational architecture, league training, PFSP, and proposed an interesting topic direction on the basis of our suggestions, which was how to combine the capacities of diverse ANNs that successful completed learning. Additionally, we proposed the viewpoint that is big data - space, intelligence - man' world, parallel computing - time. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Model Predictive Control with Reach-avoid Analysis

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ren, Dejin Lu, Wanli Lv, Jidong Zhang, Lijun Xue, Bai State Key Lab. of Computer Science Institute of Software CAS Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Rail Transportation Operation and Control System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

In this paper we investigate the optimal controller synthesis problem, so that the system under the controller can reach a specified target set while satisfying given constraints. Existing model predictive control (MPC) methods learn from a set of discrete states visited by previous (sub-)optimized trajectories and thus result in computationally expensive mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. In this paper a novel MPC method is proposed based on reach-avoid analysis to solve the controller synthesis problem iteratively. The reach-avoid analysis is concerned with computing a reach-avoid set which is a set of initial states such that the system can reach the target set successfully. It not only provides terminal constraints, which ensure feasibility of MPC, but also expands discrete states in existing methods into a continuous set (i.e., reach-avoid sets) and thus leads to nonlinear optimization which is more computationally tractable online due to the absence of integer variables. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method and make comparisons with state-of-the-art ones based on several examples. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model predictive control

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An Attribute Word Extraction Model Incorporating RoBERTa and CRF

An Attribute Word Extraction Model Incorporating RoBERTa and...

引用

Human-Centered Cognitive systems (HCCS)

作者： Mingzheng Liu Bo Li Jingrui Dai Huacheng Zhang Huibing Zhang Institute of logistic science and technology Academy of system Engineering Academy of military science Beijing China Guangxi Key Lab of Trusted Software Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China

The accuracy of attribute word extraction directly affects the effects of aspect-based sentiment analysis. Traditional attribute word extraction methods disregard the impact of polysemy on extraction results. This paper proposes an attribute word extraction model based on RoBERTa-CRF. First, the RoBERTa model is used to encode each word of Chinese comment text. Then, in the Conditional Random Field layer, the relations between attribute words are learned using the transfer score matrix. The most logical prediction results in the paths are calculated, reducing the number of invalid labels and improving prediction accuracy. The test results on the SemEval-2016 Task dataset reveal that the RoBERTa-CRF model outperforms other comparison models by 2.2 % in terms of optimal results.

关键词： Deep learning Sentiment analysis Semantics Task analysis Cognitive systems

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