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Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)

作者： Taikun Zhang Andrew Boutros Sergey Gribok Kwadwo Boateng Vaughn Betz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada programmable Solutions Group Intel Corporation

ISBN: (数字)9798350372434

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372441

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of deep learning (DL) models widely-used for learning latent representations of graph-structured data for a variety of node/graph-level prediction tasks. Real-time applications of GNNs are evolving in various domains such as 3D object detection from LiDAR point clouds in autonomous vehicles [1] and classifying collected data in particle physics colliders [2]. Typically, these use cases have stringent latency constraints but can still benefit from batch processing of multiple graphs from different input sources. Existing accelerators either rely on preprocessing input graphs [3], [4] or are extremely specialized streaming pipelines which are unable to support dynamically changing workloads for these applications [5]. In this work, we take a different approach by enhancing the neural processing unit (NPU) [6] to accelerate a wide variety of GNN models without sacrificing its flexibility, performance or ability to run any of its originally supported DL workloads (e.g. MLPs, RNNs, GRUs, LSTMs).

关键词： Point cloud compression Three-dimensional displays Laser radar Particle accelerators Pipelines Object detection Predictive models

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Recent Developments in Event-Triggered control of Nonlinear systems:An Overview

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无人系统（英文） 2023年第1期11卷 27-56页

作者： Pengpeng Zhang Tengfei Liu Jie Chen Zhong-Ping Jiang Department of Control Science & Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji UniversityShanghai 201804P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819P.R.China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University370 Jay StreetBrooklynNY 11201USA

Event-triggered control is a most popular paradigm for transferring feedback information in an economical"as needed"*** study of event-triggered control can be traced back to the *** significant advances on the topic of control over networks and the topic of nonlinear control systems over the last two decades,event-triggered control has quickly emerged as a major theoretical subject in control *** of event-triggered control are wide-spread ranging from embedded control systems and industrial control processes to unmanned systems and cyber-physical transportation *** this paper,we first review developments in the synthesis of event-triggered sampling *** event triggering mechanisms,such as static event trigger,dynamic event trigger,time-regularized event trigger,and event trigger with positive threshold offsets,are systematically ***,we study how to design a stabilizing controller that is robust with respect to the sampling ***,we review some recent results in the directions of self-triggered control,event-triggered tracking control and cooperative control,and event-triggered control of stochastic systems and partial differential equation *** applications of event-triggered control are also discussed.

关键词： Event-triggered control event-triggered sampling mechanism event-triggered controller

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A Software-Programmable Neural Processing Unit for Graph Neural Network Inference on FPGAs

A Software-Programmable Neural Processing Unit for Graph Neu...

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International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications

作者： Taikun Zhang Andrew Boutros Sergey Gribok Kwadwo Boateng Vaughn Betz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Programmable Solutions Group Intel Corporation

ISBN: (数字)9798331530075

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530082

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a widely-used class of deep learning (DL) models for learning latent representations of graph-structured data for a variety of node/graph-level prediction tasks, some of which require real-time low latency inference. Most existing GNN accelerators rely on preprocessing input graphs on a host/embedded CPU to parallelize computations on different sub-graphs, making them unsuitable for real-time use cases. Others are extremely specialized streaming pipelines for only a specific type of GNN and therefore suffer from long FPGA bitstream compile times when the model is updated and cannot be used in applications that combine GNNs with other classes of DL models. In this work, we enhance the neural processing unit (NPU) FPGA overlay architecture, instruction set, and software stack to support a variety of GNN models. We achieve this without sacrificing the NPU flexibility; our enhanced NPU can be programmed purely through software to accelerate different GNNs or any of its originally supported DL workloads (e.g. MLPs, RNNs, GRUs, LSTMs). In addition, this flexibility enables our NPU software compiler to generate GNN kernels with different performance targets (throughput-optimized vs. latency-optimized) by exploiting different dimensions of compute parallelism on the same overlay architecture. Besides the flexibility benefits, our NPU implemented on an Intel Stratix 10 NX (14 nm) FPGA can process $7.8 \times$ more graphs per second at a similar latency on average compared to a state-of-the-art model-specific FPGA accelerator targeting real-time applications on an AMD Ultrascale+ same-generation FPGA. It also achieves 5.8 $\times$ higher throughput compared to an Nvidia RTX A6000 GPU (8 nm) and $2.6 \times$ lower latency than a state-of-the-art accelerator that combines CPU-based graph preprocessing with AMD Versal (7 nm) fabric and AI engine compute. Finally, we present a case study for using our enhanced NPU in real-time GNNbased multi-input

关键词： Computational modeling Data preprocessing Full stack computer architecture Throughput Graph neural networks Real-time systems Software Vectors Field programmable gate arrays

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Fault localization for intelligent automation systems 28

Fault localization for intelligent automation systems

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28th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2023

作者： Eros, Endre Bengtsson, Kristofer Åkesson, Knut Chalmers University of Technology Automation Research Group Electrical Engineering Systems and Control Department Gothenburg Sweden Volvo Group As Senior Researcher for Smart and Connected Operations Research and Technology Development Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339918

Conventional programming of explicit control code is unsuitable for flexible and collaborative production systems. A model-based approach, which focuses on defining capabilities of a system, instead of specifying how to achieve them, provides an alternative for creating complex, scalable, and reliable systems. This is accomplished through the use of behavior models, and tools such as planning, synthesis, verification, and testing. However, developing such models is not without challenges, as it is possible to overlook or incorrectly specify potential behavior and constraints. This can result in unsolvable planning problems or plans that are invalid for other reasons. When plans are unobtainable, developers receive no feedback, which makes model adjustments a difficult and time-intensive task. This paper recognizes these challenges as crucial barriers for adopting model-based development of intelligent automation systems. To facilitate the development of such systems, an approach for detecting and localizing faults in behavior models is presented. Drawing inspiration from software fault localization techniques, the proposed method involves identifying suspicious resources, variables, and operations. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with an example use case. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Automation

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Comparative Study of Alternative-Pole Flux Switching and Inter-Modular Biased-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors 3

Comparative Study of Alternative-Pole Flux Switching and Int...

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3rd International Conference on electrical Machines and Drives, ICEMD 2023

作者： Afrank, Mohammad Eikani, Alireza Farahani, Ehsan Farmahini Mirsalim, Mojtaba Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran Advanced Motion Systems Research Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran Newcastle University Electrical Power Research Group School of Engineering Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393743

This paper executes a comparative analysis between alternative-pole flux-switching and inter-modular biased-flux permanent magnet (PM) motors. Despite their close structural similarities, the former puts magnets not only between stator modules, but also close to the armature windings. However, the inter-modular PM (IMPM) motor only occupies spaces between stator modules. This type of occupation allows this structure to provide a safe operation point for PMs. Not considering the PM's recoil-phenomenon, the torque density of the IMPM motor is not as significant as the alternative-pole flux-switching PM (AP-FSPM) motor. This is because of the four-operating mode of the AP-FSPM structure which enables it to increase the torque density by utilizing the PMs in every moment of the operation. But, when the demagnetization of the AP-FSPM's PMs is taken into account, the torque density and torque per PM values of the AP-FSPM structure plummets. A complete full-load demagnetization analysis is done in order to get a better understanding of how the performance of the IMPM structure supersedes the AP-FSPM structure. 2D finite element analysis is used to extract the most important indexes of both topologies. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Scalable and Decentralized Algorithms for Anomaly Detection via Learning-Based controlled Sensing

Scalable and Decentralized Algorithms for Anomaly Detection ...

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作者： Joseph, Geethu Zhong, Chen Gursoy, M. Cenk Velipasalar, Senem Varshney, Pramod K. Signal Processing Systems Group Delft University of Technology Delft2628 Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States

We address the problem of sequentially selecting and observing processes from a given set to find the anomalies among them. The decision-maker observes a subset of the processes at any given time instant and obtains a noisy binary indicator of whether or not the corresponding process is anomalous. We develop an anomaly detection algorithm that chooses the processes to be observed at a given time instant, decides when to stop taking observations, and declares the decision on anomalous processes. The objective of the detection algorithm is to identify the anomalies with an accuracy exceeding the desired value while minimizing the delay in decision making. We devise a centralized algorithm where the processes are jointly selected by a common agent as well as a decentralized algorithm where the decision of whether to select a process is made independently for each process. Our algorithms rely on a Markov decision process defined using the marginal probability of each process being normal or anomalous, conditioned on the observations. We implement the detection algorithms using the deep actor-critic reinforcement learning framework. Unlike prior work on this topic that has exponential complexity in the number of processes, our algorithms have computational and memory requirements that are both polynomial in the number of processes. We demonstrate the efficacy of these algorithms using numerical experiments by comparing them with state-of-the-art methods. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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On Space-Filling Input Design for Nonlinear Dynamic Model Learning: A Gaussian Process Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Yuhan Kiss, Máté Tóth, Roland Schoukens, Maarten Control Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Systems and Control Laboratory HUN-REN Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest1111 Hungary

While optimal input design for linear systems has been well-established, no systematic approach exists for nonlinear systems, where robustness to extrapolation/interpolation errors is prioritized over minimizing estimated parameter variance. To address this issue, we develop a novel identification-oriented space-filling input design strategy for efficient covering of a well-defined region of interest. By placing a Gaussian Process (GP) prior on the joint input-state space, the proposed strategy leverages the GP posterior variance to construct a space-filling promoting input design cost function from the Bayesian point of view. This accordingly enables maximization of the coverage in the region of interest, thereby facilitating the generation of informative datasets. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that minimization of the cost function indicates the space-filling behavior. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated on both an academic example and a mass-spring-damper system, highlighting its potential practical impact on efficient exploration in identification scenarios for nonlinear dynamical systems. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Cost functions

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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A LESO Based Backstepping controller Considering Coal Seam Hardness for Rotary Speed in Coal Mine Tunnel Drilling Process

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Journal of systems Science & Complexity 2024年第5期37卷 1789-1808页

作者： CHEN Luefeng LIU Xiao WU Min LU Chengda PEDRYCZ Witold HIROTA Kaoru School of Automation China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan 430074China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of EducationWuhan 430074China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6R2G7Canada The Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8502Japan

In the process of coal mine drilling,controlling the rotary speed is important as it determines the efficiency and safety of *** this paper,a linear extended state observer(LESO)based backstepping controller for rotary speed is proposed,which can overcome the impact of changes in coal seam hardness on rotary ***,the influence of coal seam hardness on the drilling rig’s rotary system is considered for the first time,which is reflected in the numerical variation of load torque,and a dynamic model for the design of rotary speed controller is *** an LESO is designed to observe the load torque,and feedforward compensation is carried out to overcome the influence of coal seam *** on the model of the compensated system,a backstepping method is used to design a controller to achieve tracking control of the rotary ***,the effectiveness of the controller designed in this paper is demonstrated through simulation and field experiments,the steady-state error of the rotary speed in field is 1 r/min,and the overshoot is reduced to 5.8%.This greatly improves the stability and security,which is exactly what the drilling process requires.

关键词： Backstepping extended state observer hydraulic tunnel drilling machine rotary speed

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On a novel tracking differentiator design based on iterative learning in a moving window

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control Theory and Technology 2023年第1期21卷 46-55页

作者： Xiangyang Li Rafal Madonski Zhiqiang Gao Senping Tian Key Laboratory of Autonomous Systems and Network Control Ministry of EducationSchool of Automation Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Energy and Electricity Research Center Jinan UniversityZhuhai 519070China Department of Electrical and Computer Science Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOH 44115USA

Differential signals are key in control engineering as they anticipate future behavior of process variables and therefore are critical in formulating control laws such as proportional-integral-derivative(PID).The practical challenge,however,is to extract such signals from noisy measurements and this difficulty is addressed first by *** in the form of linear and nonlinear tracking differentiator(TD).While improvements were made,TD did not completely resolve the conflict between the noise sensitivity and the accuracy and timeliness of the *** two approaches proposed in this paper start with the basic linear TD,but apply iterative learning mechanism to the historical data in a moving window(MW),to form two new iterative learning tracking differentiators(IL-TD):one is a parallel IL-TD using an iterative ladder network structure which is implementable in analog circuits;the other a serial IL-TD which is implementable digitally on any computer *** algorithms are validated in simulations which show that the proposed two IL-TDs have better tracking differentiation and de-noise performance compared to the existing linear TD.

关键词： Tracking differentiator(TD) Iterative learning Iterative learning tracking differentiator(IL-TD) Active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)-Two-dimensional system(2-D system)

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