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On-line Fault Detection in Adaptive control systems by Using Kullback Discrimination Index

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1988年第9期21卷 1135-1140页

作者： K. Kumamaru T. Söerström S. Sagara K. Morita Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 812 Japan Department of Automatic Control and Systems Analysis Institute of Technology Uppsala University P.O. Box 534. Uppsala Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 812 Japan

An on-line scheme to fault detection in adaptive control systems is proposed by introducing Kullbaek Discrimination Information (KDI) as a detection index. When a physical parameter change due to a failure has occurred in a system under adaptive control, the failure effect will hardly be visible in the output performance because of the adaptation mechanism. Such a parameter change is also difficult to detect by monitoring the regulator parameters, which are determined by a recursive identification based on the direct approach. Since the failure effect is reflected as a change in the predictor model used for the adaptive control design, the fault detection leads to a model discrimination problem. It has been shown that the KDI can be used as an effective distortion measure for the model discrimination and the index can be applied in a modified form to detect a fault on-line. Simulation studies on a second order damped oscillatory system have been carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

关键词： Adaptive control fault detection Kullback discrimination information model discrimination parameter estimation

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Statistical Analysis of the Overdetermined Yule-walker Estimator of Frequencies of Multiple Sinusoids

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1988年第9期21卷 1035-1040页

作者： P. Stoica T. Soderstrom F.-N. Ti B. Friedlander Department of Automatic Control Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest Splaiul Independentei 313 R-77206 Bucharest Romania Automatic Control and Systems Analysis Group Department of Technology Uppsala University P.O. Box 534 S-751 21 Uppsala Sweden Automatic Control and Systems Analysis Group Department of Technology Uppsala University P.O. Box 534 S-751 21 Uppsala Sweden on leave from Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shandong College of Light Industry Jinan PRC Saxpy Computer Corporation 255 San Geronimo Way Sunnyvale CA 94086 USA

The estimation of sinusoidal frequencies by the overdetermined Yule-Walker (OYW) Method is considered. An explicit expression is derived for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimation errors. The effect of increasing the number of Yule-Walker equations on estimation accuracy is analyzed. The asymptotic estimation accuracy of the OYW method is compared to the best achievable accuracy corresponding to the Cramér-Rao bound

关键词： system identification parameter estimation sinusoidal frequencies Yule-Walker methods asymptotic distribution

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DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) - ASPECTS OF FLEET INTRODUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第6期100卷 41-47页

作者： BLACKWELL, LM Luther M. Blackwell:is presently the Data Multiplex System (DMS) program manager in the Bridge Control Monitoring and Information Transfer Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1964 receiving his BS degree in electrical engineering. After graduating he was employed in the Bureau of Ships where he held project engineering assignments on various ships entertainment magnetic tape recording fiber optics computer mass memory and information transfer systems. He has also pursued graduate studies in engineering management at The George Washington University.

The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs. Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG-51 and LHD-1 class ships are also presented.

关键词： Multiplexing Equipment

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NTDS - A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 53-61页

作者： SWENSON, EN MAHINSKE, EB STOUTENBURGH, JS Capt. Erick N. Swenson USNR (Ret.):is a project manager for special projects in the Surface Ship Systems Division Hughes Aircraft Company Fullerton Calif where he has been employed since his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1975. Originally trained as an electronics technician during WWII in the Captain Eddy program he later received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester Rochester N. Y. in 1950. Subsequent engineering education was received at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Penn. and the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. After commissioning he was ordered to duty as the electronics division officer on the USSMissouri(BB-63) and electronics ships superintendent at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco Calif. When the design of the Naval Tactical Data System began in the mid-1950s Lt. (j.g.) Swenson was ordered to the Bureau of Ships Navy Department Washington D.C. as the junior engineering duty only officer assigned to the project. From 1962 to 1965 LCdr. Swenson was assigned as the BuShips technical representative on the program at Remington Rand Univac St. Paul Minn. For the next ten years he returned to BuShips/NavSea/NAVSEC as the NTDS project officer. During this time the project expanded considerably foreign military sales were heavily involved and interoperability with other services and countries were established. His final effort on active duty was to instigate the redesign of the previousSpruanceclass destroyers into the newerAdmiral Kiddclass improvement program. He is a registered professional electrical engineer in the State of California listed inWho's Who in the Worldis a life member of ASNE and chairman of the Long Beach/Greater LA Section. Capt. Edmund B. Mahinske USN (Ret.):is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval Academy the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School. His technical background is in electronics and he specialized in the management of programs involving the application of comp

A little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large-scale, high-speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off-the-shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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control systems modeling and analysis. Gerard Voland

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Automatica 1987年第6期23卷 805-807页

作者： van Amerongen, J. Control Systems and Computer Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

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OPTIMUM HVAC-TRANSMISSION EXPANSION PLANNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF electrical POWER & ENERGY systems 1987年第1期9卷 29-44页

作者： GILLES, ML MEISEL, J Systems Control Inc. 1801 Page Mill Road Palo Alto CA 94303 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA

A new, flexible, mixed-integer formulation is presented for solving the single-stage AC-transmission expansion planning problem. This new formulation handles the discrete nature of equipment additions without resorting to linearized incremental approaches, but still uses integer linear programming. Even the interconnection of an initially disjoint system is handled directly without resorting to an arbitrary initially connected system. The optimal configuration at the end of the planning step under consideration minimizes an annually amortized cost function including the investment cost for equipment additions and the operating cost in terms of real-power transmission losses. Using a new, efficient, linear load-flow model, the formulation developed here is characterized by a complete decoupling between real and reactive equations. Examples have been incorporated to illustrate the potentials of this new optimum planning formulation. A major contribution of this paper is in showing how the power system transmission expansion planning problem can fit into the standard, mixed-integer, linear programming format in both a conventional sensitivity formulation and also with our new implicit enumeration formulation.

关键词： expansion planning generation expansion transmission expansion

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Fundamentals of Practical controller Design for LTI Plants with Distributed Parameters: Part 1, Modelling and Well-Posedness

Fundamentals of Practical Controller Design for LTI Plants w...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： A.J. Helmicki C.A. Jacobson C.N. Nett Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Control Engineering Branch General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

This paper addresses some fundamental concerns pertaining to the subject of practical controller design for LTI plants with possibly distributed parameters. The well-posedness of a general LTI model is introduced in terms of the existence of bandlimited stabilizing compensation for the given model. The well posedness of a model is critical from an implementation standpoint for the application of any model-based controller design methodology. The problem addressed in this paper is to characterize LTI distributed parameter models that are well posed with respect to bandlimited stabilising control. The problem is posed on a framework consisting of a novel class of convolution kernels and a completely general control system configuration. These two aspects of the problem formulation place no a priori restriction on the class of LTI distributed paramater systems under consideration or the control design methodology used. Indeed, this framework allows the modelling of LTI distributed parameter systems including point sensing, boundary actuation and effects of initial conditions. Within this framework the result obtained are algebraic in nature. A characterization of well-posed models is given in the form of necessary conditions for the existence of a bandlimited stabilizing controller. Also a restriction of the class of all linear distributed parameter systems under consideration is derived which exhibits this condition.

关键词： control systems Bandwidth Design methodology Convolution Distributed parameter systems Kernel Algebra Design engineering Jacobian matrices State-space methods

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GRAFCET and SFC as Factory Automation Standards Advantages and Limitations

GRAFCET and SFC as Factory Automation Standards Advantages a...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： A.D. Baker T.L. Johnson D.I. Kerpelman H.A. Sutherland Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Control Technology Branch General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

Two proposed programming standards for industrial automation, GRAFCET and SFC, are presented. The idea of what makes a `good' programming language is discussed, and the concept of a graphic programming language is introduced. The advantages and limitations of GRAFCET and SFC are presented. This paper concludes with a discussion of the need for further research for more general graphic programming languages for industrial automation.

关键词： Manufacturing automation Automatic control Programmable control computer languages Relays electrical equipment industry Industrial control Graphics Costs Logic programming

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An efficient linear method for ARMA spectral estimation

An efficient linear method for ARMA spectral estimation

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： R. Moses P. Stoica B. Friedlander T. Soderstrom Department of Electrical Engineering Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA Department of Control and Computers Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Saxpy Computer Corporation Sunnyvale CA USA Department of Automatic Control and Systems Analysis Institute of Technology Uppsala Uppsala Sweden

A three step method for obtaining nearly maximum likelihood ARMA spectral estimates is presented. The computational complexity of the algorithm is comparable to Yule-Walker methods, but the method gives asymptotically efficient estimates. The implementation of the algorithm is discussed, and numerical examples are presented to illustrate its performance.

关键词： Parameter estimation Covariance matrix Density functional theory Equations Bandwidth Maximum likelihood estimation Statistics Polynomials

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DOCTRINAL AUTOMATION IN NAVAL COMBAT systems - THE EXPERIENCE AND THE FUTURE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 74-79页

作者： GERSH, JR The authoris a principal staff engineer at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where he supervises the AAW Operations Section of the Combat Direction Group. Since joining JHU/APL in 1980 he has been involved in the specification development and testing of advanced surface combat direction systems specializing in the application of rule-based control mechanisms to command and control problems. In 1985-86 he chaired the Doctrine Working Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Combat Direction System Engineering Committee. Mr. Gersh served in the U.S. Navy from 1968 to 1977 as a sonar technician and as a junior officer (engineering and gunnery) aboard Atlantic Fleet frigates and as a member of the U.S. Naval Academy's Electrical Engineering faculty. He was educated at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving S. B. S. M. and E. E. degrees in electrical engineering from the latter. He holds certificates as a commercial pilot and flight instructor and is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute the IEEE Computer Society and the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.

For the last four years the most advanced surface combat direction system (CDS) of the U.S. Navy has employed a limited knowledge-based control mechanism. Implemented in the Aegis Weapon System's command and decision element, this capability is called control by doctrine, and is a foundation for the Ticonderoga class cruisers' exceptional performance. control by doctrine allows CIC personnel to direct that certain CDS functions be performed automatically upon tracks with specified characteristics. In effect, these CDS functions, from identification to engagement, can now be controlled through the specification and activation of general system response rules rather than by individual operator actions. The set of active rules, called doctrine statements, forms a system knowledge-base. The Advanced Combat Direction System, Block 1, successor to today's Naval Tactical Data System, will also employ control by doctrine. As part of a larger effort investigating Aegis/ACDS commonality issues, a Doctrine Working Group was chartered to consider, among other things, implications for force-wide interoperability of multiple systems with such rule-based control mechanisms. The working group produced a set of design objectives for doctrine statement standardization across CDSs. Principal features of these objectives are described. The prospect of several such ships operating together in a battle group has raised questions as to the methods by which the actions of ships with those doctrinally-automated systems can best be coordinated. Related questions deal with specific design features for the support of such coordinated action. Work is now being carried out to investigate these questions. Combat system automation through doctrine statements is only one kind of rule-based control. Much work in the area of artificial intelligence deals with the use and maintenance of complex systems of rules, usually in non-real-time problem solving applications. Such systems are just now beginning

关键词： WARSHIPS

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