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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Thomas, Dale Houts, Michael Wang, Dean Hollingsworth, Keith Frederick, Robert Cassibry, Jason Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Space Nuclear Propulsion Program Office NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Interim Dean of the Honors College The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Propulsion Research Center The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (CNTR) is a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) concept designed to heat propellant directly by the reactor fuel. The primary difference between the CNTR concept and traditional NTP systems is that rather than using traditional solid fuel elements, the CNTR uses liquid fuel with the liquid contained in rotating cylinders by centrifugal force. If the concept can be successfully realized, the CNTR would have a high specific impulse (up to 1800 s) at high thrust, which may enable (i) viable near-term human Mars exploration by reducing round-trip times to 420 days and (ii) direct injection orbits for scientific rendezvous missions to the Solar System outer planets and Kuiper Belt objects. Research is presently underway to determine resolutions for the significant engineering challenges that the CNTR concept presents. These challenges, the study plans to address them, and progress have been described previously;this paper provides an update on progress to date for the overall research effort, including strategies and key results on revision of a reference configuration, definition of key parameters which allows integration of the results of various analyses, and reviews strategies to mitigate the problem of Uranium vapor saturating the propellant exhaust and significantly impacting the CNTR’s specific impulse. Analyses and experiments, both underway and planned, to update estimates of engine key performance parameters including specific impulse, thrust and thrust to weight ratio along with the identification of selected design margins within the engine itself are described – all toward the goal of enabling plans for a laboratory demonstration of a single Centrifugal Fuel Element. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rockets

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Technical Note—Online Matching with Bayesian Rewards

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Operations Research 2025年第1期73卷 278-289页

作者： Simchi-Levi, David Sun, Rui Wang, Xinshang Institute for Data Systems and Society Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Operations Research Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Alibaba Group US San MateoCA94402 United States Antai College of Economics and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

We study in this paper an online matching problem where a central platform needs to match a number of limited resources to different groups of users that arrive sequentially over time. The reward of each matching option depends on both the type of resource and the time period the user arrives. The matching rewards are assumed to be unknown but drawn from probability distributions that are known a priori. The platform then needs to learn the true rewards online based on real-time observations of the matching results. The goal of the central platform is to maximize the total reward from all of the matchings without violating the resource capacity constraints. We formulate this matching problem with Bayesian rewards as a Markovian multiarmed bandit problem with budget constraints, where each arm corresponds to a pair of a resources and a time period. We devise our algorithm by first finding policies for each single arm separately via a relaxed linear program and then "assembling" these policies together through judicious selection criteria and well-designed pulling orders. We prove that the expected reward of our algorithm is at least 12 (√ffiffiffi 2 - 1) of the expected reward of an optimal algorithm. Copyright: © 2023 INFORMS.

关键词： Budget control

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Enhancing energy efficiency through combined PEMFC and MH systems and advanced exhaust management strategies

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Miao, Shan Ezawa, Tomoya Honda, Koya Harano, Koki Sumita, Masami Katayama, Noboru Dowaki, Kiyoshi Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) generate substantial heat during operation. This heat constitutes over 40% of the total energy produced from the cells' hydrogen fuel, making reusing this energy a focal point of research. An innovative system integrating PEMFC with Metal Hydrides (MH) was introduced. It utilizes the waste heat from the PEMFC to enhance hydrogen release from the MH, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. Two exhaust management strategies and experimental methods were designed to evaluate their impact on PEMFC operational efficiency and the hydrogen desorption rate from MH tanks. Temperature, pressure, and hydrogen flow rates were measured across various configurations. The results indicate that these strategies significantly stabilize operating temperatures and mitigate pressure drops. Additionally, under the new plan, the waste heat discharge rate increased from a baseline of 8.8%–10.4%, and then to 14.4%, demonstrating a marked improvement in thermal efficiency. The effective absorption rate of waste heat discharged by the FC into the MH tanks reached 8.3%, leading to a significant 13% increase in the hydrogen release rate. These improvements emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed strategies in alleviating temperature and pressure fluctuations while significantly enhancing the system's overall energy utilization. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Transformer-Based Prognostic Modeling for Smart Grid Health Monitoring 71

Transformer-Based Prognostic Modeling for Smart Grid Health ...

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71st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, RAMS 2025

作者： Huynh, Phat K. Huynh, Phi Yadav, Om P. Le, Chau Pirim, Harun Le, Trung Q. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina A&T State University 1121 E. Market Street 419 GreensboroNC27411 United States School of Industrial Engineering and Management International University - VNU-HCM Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City721400 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering Technology & Construction Management University of North Carolina at Charlotte 9201 University City Boulevard CharlotteNC28223 United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering North Dakota State University 1315 Centennial Blvd FargoND58102 United States Department of Industrial & Management Systems Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue TampaFL33620 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367744

Smart power grids, pivotal to modern infrastructure, face increased vulnerability due to their complex and interconnected nature, often leading to disruptions that can result in widespread power outages and significant economic losses. Traditional grid monitoring systems frequently fall short in both predicting and mitigating these disruptions, creating a critical need for more advanced predictive methods that can foresee and interpret the progression of these anomalies into distinct failure modes. This paper introduces a transformer-based prognostic model based on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data to enhance the predictive monitoring of smart grids. The method capitalizes on the advanced capabilities of transformer models to manage high-dimensional time-series data with complex dependencies. The methodology, validated rigorously against historical data, progresses through three main phases: (1) PMU data acquisition and preprocessing, (2) PMU-based feature engineering, and (3) prognostic modeling. In the data acquisition and preprocessing phase, high-resolution PMU data were collected, encompassing parameters such as voltage and current magnitudes, frequency, and phase angles. Next, we extracted 43 distinct features across four temporal windows, which were essential in characterizing the dynamic behavior of the grid. The prognostic modeling phase employed a transformer architecture with a sophisticated self-attention mechanism that efficiently handles the sequential PMU data, identifying subtle patterns indicative of potential grid failures. The prognostic model had a superior performance in predicting different types of grid failures-severe weather, lightning, and failed AC circuit equipment, which achieved an accuracy of up to 84.07% with low variability using five-fold cross-validation. This prognostic model enhances the predictive capabilities of smart grid monitoring systems and offers a robust framework for proactive management of grid health, potentially red

关键词： Phasor measurement units

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Velocity Estimation of an Underwater Vehicle Using Doppler Shift of Positioning Signals

Velocity Estimation of an Underwater Vehicle Using Doppler S...

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2025 IEEE Underwater Technology, UT 2025

作者： Tsuchiya, Atsushi Ebihara, Tadashi Wakatsuki, Naoto Yoshihara, Tohru University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Institute of Systems and Information Engineering Tsukuba Japan Aomi Construction Co. Ltd. Technology Development Department Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534189

This paper proposes a method for estimating the moving velocity of underwater vehicles by utilizing the Doppler shift in positioning signals employed for time-of-arrival (ToA) acoustic positioning. The Doppler shift generated in the received signal was measured by resampling, and the moving velocity in global coordinates was estimated by finding the least-squares solution using the Doppler shift generated in the direct wave and the position measured by ToA positioning. Field experiments conducted in a real marine environment demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed velocity estimation method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Underwater acoustics

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Identifying Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gene Ontology Groups Using Biological Knowledge-Based Machine Learning

Identifying Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gene Ontol...

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18th International Joint Conference on Biomedical engineering systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2025

作者： Ersoz, Nur Sebnem Bakir-Gungor, Burcu Yousef, Malik Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering and Science Abdullah Gul University Kayseri Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Abdullah Gul University Kayseri38080 Turkey Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences Abdullah Gul University Kayseri Turkey Department of Information Systems Zefat Academic College Zefat Israel Zefat Academic College Zefat Israel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Complex pathogenesis behind disease formation and progression necessitated the development of new approaches to identify disease related genes and affected gene ontology (GO) terms. In this study, via exploiting GeNetOntology method, we have reanalysed a gene expression data including Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and controls. In order to identify IBD related genes and affected GO terms, GeNetOntology uses GO hierarchy as the biological domain knowledge while performing gene expression data analysis based on machine learning (ML). In the training part of GeNetOntology, genes annotated with selected ontology terms have been utilized to perform a two-class classification task which generates an important set of ontologies as an output. IBD data samples were obtained from peripheral blood and colon tissue. In order to investigate the effect of different collection sites, IBD data have been analysed under different scenarios;i.e., all samples, only tissue samples and only blood samples. Experimental findings indicate that GeNetOntology can successfully determine significant disease-related ontology terms. Performance of the model slightly differs according to the sample source. Via analysing the differences/commonalities between affected gene ontologies under different scenarios, we attempt to enlighten IBD development mechanisms. © 2025 by SCITEPRESS– Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

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Enhancing accuracy through ensemble based machine learning for intrusion detection and privacy preservation over the network of smart cities

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-21页

作者： Uppal, Mudita Gulzar, Yonis Gupta, Deepali Uppal, Jayant Kumar, Mukesh Saini, Shilpa Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Energy Acres Bidholi Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India Assosa University Assosa Ethiopia Chandigarh University Mohali India

The world is at peak of fifth-generation communication technology and adopting ideas like cloudification or virtualization, but, the most important element is still "security", since more and more data is connected to the internet. Threat attacks are increasing in recent years, but classic network intrusion detection system has significant limitations that make it challenging to identify new attacks quickly. In this study, various supervised machine learning algorithms for anomaly-based detection methods are compared. The dataset utilized for anomaly-based detection techniques is KDDCup99 dataset, on which the different algorithms have been applied. The goal is to gain knowledge about data integrity and improve the predictive power of data. Given its ability to safeguard the integrity of data storage and maintain transparency in processes, this technology has promise for application in the field of intrusion detection. This study presents a technique for measuring various data parameters in network like accuracy, error rate, confusion matrix, etc. By accomplishing this, the amount of malicious data floating around in network can be reduced, making it a safe environment for data sharing. The accuracy of the proposed technique was found to be 99.82% accurate using the KDDCup99 dataset. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Physicochemical Properties and Cost-Benefit of Supplementing Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) in Sasso Broilers Production

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BioResources 2025年第2期20卷 3176-3194页

作者： Seng, Kelly Wong Kai Zheng, Alvin Lim Teik Ong, Yee Lyn Lease, Jacqueline Andou, Yoshito Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Dunshea, Frank R. Chung, Eric Lim Teik Department of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia Department of Science and Technology Faculty of Humanities Management and Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus Sarawak Bintulu97008 Malaysia Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia Department of Life Science and Systems Engineering Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka808-0196 Japan Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Faculty of Biological Science The University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom

There has been a growing interest in using natural alternatives to synthetic additives in animal feed. This study aimed to examine the physicochemical properties of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and its cost-benefit application in broiler production. The characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A feeding trial involving 216 Sasso broiler chicks was conducted to assess the economic value of including B. decumbens grass meal in their diets. The chicks were divided into six groups, with Treatments 1 and 2 serving as controls (without antibiotics and with oxytetracycline, respectively). Treatments 3 to 6 received diets supplemented with 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 g/kg of B. decumbens grass meal without antibiotics. Body weight and feed intake were monitored over eight weeks to determine growth performance and feed conversion ratio. Broilers in Treatment 6, which received 5.00 g/kg of the grass meal, showed significantly improved growth (p © 2025, North Carolina State University. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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A Zero Harmonic Distortion Grid-Connected Grid-Forming Converter for Battery Energy Storage System Applications 14

A Zero Harmonic Distortion Grid-Connected Grid-Forming Conve...

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14th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： Ramos, Gabriel V. Parreiras, Thiago M. Zhao, Fangzhou Wang, Xiongfei De J. C.Filho, Braz Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG Belo Horizonte31270-901 Brazil Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais Department of Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil Aalborg University Department of Energy Aalborg Denmark Kth Royal Institute of Technology Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems Stockholm Sweden Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

The work proposes the Zero Harmonic Distortion Converter (ZHD) as a grid-connected grid-forming (GFM) converter due to its unique sinusoidal characteristic without capacitive filters, low parts count, and off-the-shelf power circuitry with a simple open-loop control structure that does not contribute to possible control interaction and resonances in grid-connected mode. These characteristic are reached by a harmonic cancellation in a three-winding transformer along with harmonic elimination using the Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE PWM). The ZHD GFM converter is a compelling alternative for GFM battery energy storage systems (BESS) in medium-voltage applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Battery storage

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Optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity and temperature

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Applied Optics 2025年第9期64卷 2261-2268页

作者： Zhang, Qi Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Xinghui Wang, Huifang Zhou, Xue Yan, Xin Cheng, Tonglei State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries College of Information Science and Engineering National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan20156 Italy Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern University Guangdong Foshan528311 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao066004 China

In this work, an optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity (RH) and temperature, which is constructed by connecting two segments of thin-core fibers (TCFs) using a multimode fiber (MMF). The gold film was coated on TCFs to excite the SPR effect. One was further coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to sense RH (Channel I), and the other was coated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to sense temperature (Channel II). The detection was performed via the resonance wavelength shift induced by the refractive index (RI) change of CMC and PDMS in relation to RH variation and temperature variation, respectively. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensor and shifts the resonance wavelengths, allowing for more outstanding demarcation of the SPR dip between the two portions inside the equivalent spectrum. Experimental results show that the sensor has an RH sensitivity of −1.053 nm/%RH and a temperature sensitivity of −2.306 nm/◦C. Moreover, the cross-sensitivity issue present in RH and temperature measurements was resolved by introducing a dual-wavelength matrix method. The proposed sensor offers high sensitivity, a simple structure, and ease of manufacturing, making it broadly applicable in fields such as food safety, biotechnology, and manufacturing. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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