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Predicting Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Distributions: Broad-Ranging Versus Patchily Distributed Species Using a Presence-Only Environmental Niche Modeling Technique

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South American Journal of Herpetology 2009年第2期4卷 103-116页

作者： Miguel Fernández Daniel Cole W. Ronald Heyer Steffen Reichle Rafael O. De Sá 1Center for Biodiversity and Research California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive Gol 2Environmental Systems Graduate Group School of Engineering University of California Merced PO B 3Information Technology Office National Museum of Natural History MRC 136 PO Box 37012 Smithsoni 4Amphibians and Reptiles National Museum of Natural History MRC 162 PO Box 37012 Smithsonian Ins 5The Nature Conservancy Southern Andes Conservation Program Avenida 2 de Agosto/4. Anillo Bolfor 6Rafael O. de Sá Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA.

Locality data available for many, if not most, species of Neotropical frogs are based on written descriptions of the collecting sites, not on GPS device determined coordinate data. The pre-GPS device data are imprecise relative to GPS data. Niche modeling is a powerful technique for predicting geographic distributions that provides the best results when the locality data are precise. The purpose of this study is to determine whether imprecise historical locality data are sufficient such that niche modeling techniques can yield realistic new insights to species-level distributions. Two sets of frogs of the genus Leptodactylus that have known different kinds of distributions are evaluated: two species with broad, presumably continuous distributions, and four species known to occur in patchy, disjunct habitats in South America. BIOCLIM, a presence-only environmental niche modeling algorithm,was used to define suitable occupancy areas based on multiple sets of environmental parameters that include: monthly mean, max, and min temperatures, and monthly precipitation. A Nature Conservancy — Natureserve ecoregion layer and a high resolution elevation layer were also included in the analyses. Our analyses yield new realistic insights and questions regarding distributions of the Leptodactylus species we evaluated. We recommend incorporation of the Nature Conservancy — Natureserve layer to evaluate Neotropical distributions, as the layer gave much more robust results than use of only the climatic variable analyses.

关键词： environmental niche modeling Leptodactylus. locality data precision

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Simulation of multi-organisational coordination in emergency response for system resiliency

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International Journal of Technology, Policy and management 2008年第4期8卷 442-459页

作者： Kanno, Taro Makita, Jumpei Furuta, Kazuo Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Systems Innovation University of Tokyo Japan East Japan Railway Company Department of Systems Innovation School of Engineering University of Tokyo Human Interface Society Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Atomic Energy Society of Japan

This paper presents a multi-agent and human-in-the-loop simulator for emergency response in disasters. We identified and categorised various typical situation-oriented rules using interviews and questionnaire surveys of emergency responders who hold positions as local government officials, police and nuclear experts, as well as observed emergency exercises during various disasters. These factors were then implemented into a previously developed organisational model of intra- and inter-agency communication and coordination for emergency response. Based on this model, a multi-agent simulator for organisational behaviour in emergency response was developed. In addition, a user console on an identical simulation platform was constructed and integrated with the multi-agent simulation. Users can exchange messages through the console by using the same ontology and message format as those used by computer agents. Test simulations were executed and the results confirmed that the multi-agent, human-in-the-loop simulation creates various complicated situations that are similar to actual emergency situations and, therefore, could be a strong candidate for education, training and exercises in disaster response. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Surveys

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Fuzzy critical chain method for project scheduling under resource constraints and uncertainty

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International Journal of Project management 2008年第6期26卷 688-698页

作者： Long, Luong Duc Ohsato, Ario Graduate School of Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka Machi Nagaoka Niigata 940-2188 Japan Department of Management and Information Systems Science Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka Machi Nagaoka Niigata 940-2188 Japan

This paper develops a fuzzy critical chain method for project scheduling under resource constraints and uncertainty. The method consists of developing a desirable deterministic schedule under resource constraints, and adding a project buffer (PB) to the end of the schedule to deal with uncertainty. The size of the project buffer is determined by computations with fuzzy numbers. During project execution, the proposed method focuses on the penetration level in the project buffer, and dynamically updates the schedule to provide a more accurate schedule for actual progress. The use of a project buffer makes the method akin to critical chain project management (CCPM), although no feeding buffers are used. The proposed method is useful for both project planning and execution. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.

关键词： Scheduling

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Process analytical technology (PAT) initiatives in improving pharmaceutical quality by design

Process analytical technology (PAT) initiatives in improving...

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2008

作者： Shaibu, A.-B. Yang, Yang Cho, Byung Rae Yongsun, Choi Shin, Sangmun Department of Industrial Engineering Advanced Quality Engineering Laboratory Clemson University Clemson South Carolina SC 29634 United States Department of Systems Management Engineering Inje University Gimhae GyeongNam 621-749 Korea Republic of

Developing safe and effective medications is the key to drug development program success, and the quality of pharmaceutical formulations is directly related to the experimental development process. For several decades, however, researchers have struggled with the design of optimal pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmaceutical design problems typically focus on a single quality characteristic and involve experiments conducted in an unrestricted design space. Yet, many formulation problems often involve multiple quality characteristics and are subject to various physical limitations. In this paper, we propose a new approach to pharmaceutical design problems that is framed within a multidisciplinary optimization procedure. This new method incorporates mixture experiment concepts within the context of process analytical technology (PAT) and utilizes the desirability function approach within the optimization procedure. The significance of this research is that it supports the pharmaceutical development process by establishing a theoretical foundation for variations on mixture experiments and addresses pharmaceutical quality control through design and optimization processes.

关键词： Drug products

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Using the "Five Whys" as a decision-making framework for Evidence-Based Design

Using the "Five Whys" as a decision-making framework for Evi...

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16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC16

作者： Rybkowski, Zofia K. Ballard, Glenn Program in Engineering and Project Management Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States Project Production Systems Laboratory United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 215-A McLaughlin Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781905732456

Evidence-Based Design (EBD), the judicious and conscientious use of current best evidence to make design decisions for unique projects, is being applied to the design of healthcare facilities with increasing frequency. Because of both the need to replace and expand aging buildings and a retiring baby boom generation, construction of healthcare facilities is currently on the rise in the US. Advocates of EBD argue that its rigorous application will reduce incidence of medical error and improve rates of patient recovery. However, while some promises made by EBD can be scientifically substantiated, design of facilities may not be the only appropriate solution to the problems EBD advocates cite;healthcare facility designers are pressing for EBD adoption, even when a less costly, non-capital program response might be equally effective. This paper suggests that while the error-proofing logic of EBD makes sense, a structured framework for the "Five Whys" should be rigorously implemented by design decision-makers, to ensure that multiple options are considered before final solutions are adopted.

关键词： Design

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Using controlled experiments to calibrate computer models: The Airplane Game as a lean simulation exercise

Using controlled experiments to calibrate computer models: T...

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16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC16

作者： Rybkowski, Zofia K. Wong, John-Michael Ballard, Glenn Tommelein, Iris D. Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States Structural Engineering Mechanics and Materials Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1710 United States Project Production Systems Laboratory United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 215-A McLaughlin Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781905732456

Simulation games may be used to introduce lean principles to those who are considering implementing them. However, they can also function as controlled experiments against which to calibrate a computer model and they can even be adapted to serve as the gold standard of scientific experimentation, the randomized-controlled trial. Results generated from a live playing of the Airplane Game validate an EZStrobe computer-based simulation model representing one part of the game. Close alignment of results suggests that the computer model will likely be able to accurately predict outcomes from similarly structured, real life activities, such as those encountered in a design office or on a construction site.

关键词： Discrete event simulation

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Multi-disciplinary team project with software

Multi-disciplinary team project with software

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2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Creese, Robert Gupta, Deepak West Virginia University Industrial Engineering in the Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Department College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University in Morgantown West Virginia United States Southeast Missouri State University Industrial and Engineering Technology Department Southeast Missouri State University

Multi-disciplinary team projects are an important element in the ABET accreditation of engineering programs. The basic manufacturing processes course in the Industrial engineering (IE) program at West Virginia University is one of only two IE courses which are required by other engineering majors. A software program was developed to assist students in the evaluation of costs when selecting different materials and shapes to meet specific load and deflection requirements. The program has been used for four semesters to develop an appreciation of the effect of material selection and design upon the total cost of a multi-constrained project. Students have indicated several problems which resulted in model changes and the development of an instruction manual. The project has been modified so that several reports are required before the final project. This paper discusses the student responses and the effect of the use of multiple reports. © American Society for engineering Education, 2008.

关键词： Students

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Two-Dimensional Software Reliability Assessment with Testing-Coverage

Two-Dimensional Software Reliability Assessment with Testing...

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International Conference on Secure System Integration and Reliability Improvement, SSIRI

作者： Shinji Inoue Shigeru Yamada Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University Tottori Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769532660

We propose a two-dimensional SRGM describing a software reliability growth process on the two-dimensional time-space which consists of testing-time and testing-coverage. Our two-dimensional SRGM conserves the theoretical means for the effect of such two-types of the reliability growth factors to the software reliability growth process. And we also discuss a parameter estimation method and a software reliability assessment measure of our model. Further, we show numerical examples for software reliability analysis by using actual data. Finally, we conduct goodness-of-fit evaluation of our model to the actual data, and see that our model has a better performance than representative one-dimensional SRGMs in terms of mean squared errors.

关键词： Software reliability Software Reliability Mathematical model Equations Numerical models Data models

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Dynamic Performance Analysis for Software System Considering Real-Time Property in Case of NHPP Task Arrival

Dynamic Performance Analysis for Software System Considering...

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International Conference on Secure System Integration and Reliability Improvement, SSIRI

作者： Koichi Tokuno Shigeru Yamada Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University Tottori Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769532660

In this paper, we discuss the software performance evaluation method considering the real-time property. The dynamic software reliability growth process is described by the Markovian software reliability model with imperfect debugging. Assuming that the software system can process the multiple tasks simultaneously and that the arrival process of the tasks follows a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP), we analyze the distribution of the number of tasks whose processes can be completed within a prespecified processing time limit with the infinite server queueing model. We derive several stochastic quantities for software performance measurement considering the real-time property; these are given as the functions of time and the number of debugging activities. Finally, we illustrate several numerical examples of the quantities to investigate the relationship between the software reliability growth characteristics and the system performance.

关键词： Software reliability Software Debugging Software systems Real time systems Reliability Software performance

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Development of product model management system for naval shipbuilding

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Journal of Ship Production 2008年第2期24卷 82-91页

作者： Oh, Dae Kyun Jeong, Yeon Hwan Kim, Yong Gyun Shin, Jong Gye Yeo, Yong Hwan Ryu, Cheolho Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of LTCD Republic of Korea Navy Jinhae Korea Republic of Xinnos Co. Seoul Korea Republic of Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of CDMR Korea Defense Acquisition Program Administration Office Republic of Korea Navy Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of

Since the concept of integrated product development environment (IPDE) was introduced from the US department of Defense, the Korean navy has made efforts to apply the concept to its naval design and production. Recently, the Korean navy has supported a project for naval shipbuilding to achieve the advanced defense acquisition program. This project focuses on the integration of naval shipbuilding information. The Product Model management System (PMMS) for Korean naval acquisition was a partial result of the project. The architecture of PMMS and the product structure of a naval ship are proposed in this paper. Also, the data acquisition process among acquisition program administration offices and contractors is defined for the construction of three-dimensional naval ship product models in PMMS. By constructing the product model on previous Korean naval ships, the PMMS was confirmed to a suitable innovative acquisition strategy. PMMS is on the leading edge of new product and process innovations in the Korean naval shipbuilding.

关键词： Product design

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