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GUIDE PATH DESIGN AND LOCATION OF LOAD PICK-UP DROP-OFF POINTS FOR AN AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEM

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 1990年第5期28卷 927-941页

作者： GOETZ, WG EGBELU, PJ Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

The guide path layout for an automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) is a critical component in the overall design of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) that utilizes AGVs for materials handling. Not only does it affect the total distance travelled by the vehicles but it also affects vehicle requirements and space utilization. In this study, the problem of selecting the guide path as well as the location of pick-up and drop-off points for outward and inward bound parts to departments is addressed. The problem is modelled and solved as a linear integer program with the objective of minimizing the total distance travelled. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Materials Handling

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MODELING management PRACTICE EFFECTS ON PESTICIDE MOVEMENT TO GROUND-WATER

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第1期10卷 109-115页

作者： SHOEMAKER, LL MAGETTE, WL SHIRMOHAMMADI, A Leslie L. Shoemaker is a former USDA National Needs Fellow in the Department of Agricultural Engineering where she ispursuing a Ph.D. degree (Agricultural Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD 207424711). The focus of her research program is on augmentation of the GLEAMS model to describe the hydrologic behavior of the vadose zone. She previously has been extensively involved in model applications for non-point source pollution control both in a graduate degree program at Cornell University and as an engineer with the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. She is currently employed as a water resources engineer with Greenhorne and 0 'Mara GreenbeltMaryland. William L. Magette is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at The University of Maryland College Park (A griculturalEngineering Department 1126 Shriver Lab The University of Maryland College Park MD 20742). He received his B.S. M.E. and Ph.D. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute andstate University. Currentlyhis research and extension programs address water quality impacts of agricultural best management practices. Adel Shirmohammadi is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at The University of Maryland College Park (Agricultural Engineering Department 1108 Shriver Lab The University of Maryland College ParkMD 20742). He received his B.S. in Iran and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska and North Carolina State University respectively. His current research interests include transport and shallow water table management models to quantify the hydrologic and water quality responses of agricultural watersheds.

The assessment of agricultural impacts on water quality are now being redirected to include both ground water and surface water. Mathematical models have enhanced the ability of scientists’to evaluate these impacts. A variety of public domain models are available that can aid in evaluating the effects of managerial activities on pesticide movement to ground water. However, the ideal non-point source (NPS) pollution management model does not exist. Current models fail to adequately describe the transport of chemicals to ground water and, simultaneously, the effect of managerial practices on transport mechanisms. Much more work is necessary to develop a model that can describe water quality impacts of agricultural practices in a holistic framework that includes ground water and surface water concerns.

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Appropriate Automation – Integrating Technical, Human, Organizational, Economic, and Cultural Factors

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1990年第8期23卷 1-19页

作者： T. Martin J. Kivinen J.E. Rijnsdorp M.G. Rodd W.B. Rouse Manufacturing Technologies Program Management Agency Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe Karlsruhe FRG Corporate Information Systems Neste Oy Espoo Finland Department of Chemical Technology Twente University of Technology Enschede The Netherlands Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College of Swansea Swansea UK Search Technology Inc. Norcross Georgia USA

Automation technology, including digital computer and communication techniques, is being applied in an ever-increasing range of private and public spheres, also reaching third-world cultures not previously exposed to such technology. This invokes the engineer's responsibility to consider the direct and indirect effects caused by this technology. The question is when and how to include these factors in the design and implementation process, prospectively avoiding bad effects and still fulfilling the goals imposed on the engineer by his client. To be able to carry that responsibility and make proper design decisions, the engineer must both understand 'appropriateness' within a given boundary, and have decision authority together with other parties participating in the design. Whereas sound methodologies for user-centred design are appearing, anticipating and considering the cultural effects of automation is an area going far beyond engineering. Nevertheless, engineers should get more deeply involved in comprehensive technology assessment. Encouraging experiences show how novel design approaches and consideration of comprehensive sets of requirements can lead to better overall system performance, but much research on open questions remains to be done.

关键词： Social effects of automation man-machine systems human factors organizational, economic, and cultural factors manufacturing processes process industries human-centred design socio-technical design

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GROUPING PARTS AND TOOLS IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING systems PRODUCTION PLANNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 1990年第6期28卷 1039-1056页

作者： VENTURA, JA CHEN, FF WU, CH Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 207 Hammond Building United States Caterpillar Inc Peoria IL 61629 100 N.E. Adams St United States

Batch production in a flexible manufacturing environment is necessary not only to satisfy some technological constraints but also to achieve potential reductions in processing time, to reduce work-in-process and finished goods inventories, and to simplify the production planning process. Central to batch production is the problem of grouping part types and the required tools into families for simultaneous processing. This paper presents a practical and useful algorithm for grouping parts and tools in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs).This problem is first formulated as a 0-1 linear integer program. A Lagrangian dual formulation is then developed to obtain an upper bound on the optimal objective function value. The Lagrangian dual program is further decomposed into a linear network subproblem and a set of knapsack subproblems. A subgradient algorithm with several enhancement strategies is employed to minimize the upper bound obtained from the dual problem. Computational results for medium and large-scale problems demonstrate that this solution procedure is effective. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systems - DESIGNING FOR SURVIVABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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APPLICATION OF LAN STANDARDS TO THE NAVY COMBAT systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 146-153页

作者： GREEN, DT MARLOW, DT Daniel T. Green:is a senior computer scientist on the staff of the Engineering and Technology Division of the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center. He has held a variety of technical and management positions in the computer and related fields since being employed at NSWC in 1958. He has been a member of the SAFENET Working Group since its inception and is currently chairman of one of its subgroups. David T. Marlow:is a senior electronics engineer in the Combat Systems Technology Branch of the Engineering and Technology Division of the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center. He has held a variety of technical positions involved with research and development in the computer and LAN fields since being employed at NSWC in 1972. He has been a member of the SAFENET Working Group since its beginning and is currently chairman of one of its subgroups. He is actively involved in the development of some of the technology being introduced in SAFENET.

SAFENET (Survivable Adaptable Fiber Optic Embedded Network) specifies a subset of the large and evolving set of commercial LAN standards. The SAFENET subset is chosen for use in Navy combat systems and augments this subset with additional specifications only when commercial standards fall short of meeting Navy needs. SAFENET is also a program designed to influence the development of commercial standards so that they will better meet Navy needs without augmentation. The SAFENET program involves the full Navy development community, both government and industrial, in selecting and developing the SAFENET set of standards and specifications. The SAFENET program is the earliest component of the U.S. Navy's Next Generation Computer Resources program which is selecting and developing standards for computing resources in future Navy systems. This paper discusses: the Navy combat system environment in which products compliant with SAFENET standards are intended to work, the development process, the framework in which commercial standards are organized, the capabilities included in SAFENET, and the current status of SAFENET compliant products.

关键词： Computer Networks

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STRESS-ANALYSIS AND LIFE PREDICTIONS OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEM GAS-TURBINE UPTAKE STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 263-274页

作者： FARRINGTON, HO FALK, PT MORRONE, A SAVORELLI, S Herbert O. Farrington:is a senior designer in the Machinery Arrangements Design Branch Propulsion Systems Subgroup Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea) Washington D.C. He has been employed by the Department of the Navy for the past 29 years with the last 19 years in his current position. At NavSea he is responsible for the life cycle management of machinery arrangement design and intake/uptake design for naval surface ships. He attended the University of New Hampshire is a member of ASE and has published aDeckplatemagazine article. P. T. Falk:is an advisory engineer for Teledyne Brown Engineering Huntsville Alabama. While contributing towards Navy ship gas turbine uptake development he was employed as a principal engineer at Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He has over 25 years of experience in the structural analysis testing and design of nuclear and ship components and lightweight aerospace structures. He is a graduate of the Universtiy of Hartford Hartford Conn. with a BS degree in mechanical engineering and is a member of the Society for Experimental Mechanics. Anthony Morrone:is manager of the Structural Mechanics Section Propulsion Systems Department Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division (MTD) Pittsburgh Penn. He has over 30 years of experience in structural dynamics and stress analysis on nuclear power plant components and Navy ship equipment. At MTD he directs dynamic shock vibrations finite element stress and fracture mechanics analyses for Navy propulsion systems equipment. He received a BS degree in civil engineering from Ohio University Athens Ohio and an MS degree in engineering from the University of Akron Akron Ohio. He has published and presented sixteen technical papers and holds membership in ASNE and ASME. Sam Savorelli:is a principal engineer in the Structural Mechanics Section Propulsion Systems Department Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division (MTD) Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He has 20 years experience in flow-induced vibra

Gas turbine uptakes in some FFG-7 class ships have undergone cracking, a consequence of cyclic thermal stresses that occur during startup and powered operation. Because of this cracking, mainly in duct walls and some stiffeners, NavSea redesigned the FFG-7 class uptake, and ship designers have improved designs for new ship classes such as DDG-51 and MCM-1. These new designs employ insulation schemes and other features to reduce the thermal stresses associated with a gas turbine startup transient. This paper discusses the finite element methodology and thermal transient stress results of analyses on the redesigned FFG-7 class uptake, and the DDG-51 class and MCM-1 class gas turbine uptakes. It briefly describes the applicable ASME Code criteria and follows this discussion with a fatigue life evaluation with regard to crack initiation. Some design features that would mitigate thermal transient stresses due to startup, such as placement of insulation, stiffeners, and thicknesses are presented. A description is given of the dynamic shock analysis methodology used for shock qualification, and the application of computational fracture mechanics to predict the remaining life of the uptake at a location with an initial crack.

关键词： Gas Turbines

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MAGNETIC SURVEYING FOR BURIED METALLIC OBJECTS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第3期10卷 204-211页

作者： BARROWS, L ROCCHIO, JE Larry Barrows received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in geophysics from the Colorado School of Mines in 1973 and 1978 respectively. He has worked as a systems engineer on Skylab remote-sensing experiments and as an exploration geophysicist in frontier areas of Alaska. Since 1979 he has specialized in geophysical surveying for ground water and hazardous waste site investigations first as the project geophysicist on a radioactive waste disposal program and then as a research scientist for the U.S. EPA. In 1988 he joined Earth Science and Engineering Inc. and LaCoste and Romberg Gravity Meters Inc. (4807 Spicewood Springs Rd. Bldg. 2 Austin TX 78759). Current projects include using microgravity to detect solution conduits in karst terrains and using seismicgroundroll to determine near-surface shear moduli. Judith E. Rocchio is the future air resource specialist on the Stanislaus National Forest (1977 Greenley Rd. Sonora CA 95370). She will obtain the position upon completion of her M.A. degree in air resource management at Colorado State University Department of Natural Resources (1990). She was with Lockheed Engineering Management Services Co. Las Vegas Nevada prior to attending CSU where she was involved in several environmental monitoring programs and coauthored the paper with Dr. Barrows. From 1981 to 1986 Rocchio was a project geologist for Gower Oil Co. and Consolidation Coal Co. Denver Colorado. She received her B.S. in geology (1981) from the University of Nevada Las Vegas.

Field tests were conducted to determine representative total-intensity magnetic anomalies due to the presence of underground storage tanks and 55-gallon steel drums. Three different drums were suspended from a non-magnetic tripod and the underlying field surveyed with each drum in an upright and a flipped plus rotated orientation. At drum-to-sensor separations of 11 feet, the anomalies had peak values of around 50 gammas and half-widths about equal to the drum-to-sensor separation. Remanent and induced magnetizations were comparable; crushing one of the drums significantly reduced both. A profile over a single underground storage tank had a 1000-gamma anomaly, which was similar to the modeled anomaly due to an infinitely long cylinder horizontally magnetized perpendicular to its axis. A profile over two adjacent tanks had a smooth 350-gamma single-peak anomaly even though models of two tanks produced dual-peaked anomalies. Demagnetization could explain why crushing a drum reduced its induced magnetization and why two adjacent tanks produced a single-peak anomaly. A 40-acre abandoned landfill was surveyed on a 50- by 100-foot rectangular grid and along several detailed profiles. The observed field had broad positive and negative anomalies that were similar to modeled anomalies due to thickness variations in a layer of uniformly magnetized material. It was not comparable to the anomalies due to induced magnetization in multiple, randomly located, randomly sized, independent spheres, suggesting that demagnetization may have limited the effective susceptibility of the landfill material. A different 6-acre site survey conducted on a 10- by 10-foot grid was analyzed to determine the maximum station spacing and line separation that could have been used. Essentially, all of the anomalies at this site would have been resolved by a survey conducted on a 20- by 20-foot grid and the larger anomalies would have been detected by a 50- by 50-foot grid.

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FIELD METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF GROUND-WATER REDOX CHEMICAL-PARAMETERS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第4期10卷 81-89页

作者： WALTONDAY, K MACALADY, DL BROOKS, MH TATE, VT Katherine Walton-Day received an A.B. in geology from Smith College (1981) and an M.S. in geology from the Colorado School of Mines (1986). She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in geology at the Colorado School of Mines and is employed as a geologist at the U. S. Geological Survey Geologic Division in Denver Colorado(USGS Box 25046 MS973 Denver CO 80225). Her research involves studying the processes controlling the mobility of trace metals in pristine and contaminated natural systems. Donald L. Macalady received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1963 and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1969. He has held positions at Grinnell College (1968–1970) Northern Michigan University (1970–1982) and the Colorado School of Mines (1982-present) (Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401). His research interests include chemical reactions of anthropogenic organic chemicals in natural water systems chemistry of metals and metal-organic complexes in natural and polluted water systems aqueous analytical chemistry and surface chemistry of natural particles. He is a member of ACS AAAS and ASLO and serves as an associate editor to the Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. Myron H. Brooks received a B.S. in biology from Emory University (1979). He is a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry at the Colorado School of Mines. Brooks is a research chemist for the U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division in Arvada Colorado (USGS Box 25046 MS408 Denver CO 80225). He has participated in numerous investigations of ground water surface water and wet deposition chemistry over the last 10 years. His current research is focused on microbial processes in contaminated ground water. Vernon T. Tate studied mechanical engineering at the University of Denver. He was employed by Union Carbide for 27 years. While employed by Union Carbide he worked as an analyst was in charge of developing a QA/QC lab for

An inexpensive, versatile, and portable system is presented, which facilitates rapid field determinations of redox potentials, pH, conductivity, ferrous and total iron, nitrite, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Accuracy is facilitated by on-site measurements of most parameters using specially constructed flow-through cells and, for several analyses, sealed reagent ampoules, which can be broken and developed inside a flowing stream of ground water. Coupled with laboratory analyses of more stable ground water parameters, this system can provide accurate and relatively inexpensive determinations of redox conditions in ground water.

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FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURDAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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