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AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detection

IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental systems 2025年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taipei11529 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Institute of Information Systems and Applications Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Chengchi University Department of Computer Science Taipei11605 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei11529 Taiwan

The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous studies on detecting artificial intelligence-generated fake videos only utilize visual modality or audio modality. While some methods exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multimodal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations, and are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with low detection accuracy. Considering that human cognition instinctively integrates multisensory information including audio and visual cues to perceive and interpret content and the success of transformer in various fields, this study introduces the audio-visual transformer-based ensemble network (AVTENet). This innovative framework tackles the complexities of deepfake technology by integrating both acoustic and visual manipulations to enhance the accuracy of video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multimodal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We also compare AVTENet against humans in detecting video forgery. The results show that AVTENet significantly outperforms humans. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： audio-visual AVTENet Deepfake detection

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Incorporating the relevance of engineering practice into academic program curricula

Incorporating the relevance of engineering practice into aca...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Evans, Howard Bugado, John Viswanathan, Shekar Cruz, Albert National University ICSIS Department Program Department of Information Systems and Management Science National University Department of Applied Engineering Engineering Management and Homeland Security and Safety Engineering Programs United States

In today's competitive environment, employers consistently place high value on graduates that have demonstrated, relevant skills and knowledge. Perhaps the most effective way for acquiring such relevant capabilities is through co-op assignments and internships, yet these generally occur outside of the basic curricula even though they may have some educational credits attached. When incorporating the relevance of engineering practice directly into curricula, the use of input from external advisory boards is valuable and somewhat common. Industry visits, industrial seminar series, and incorporating external lecturers can also be effective in adding relevance to classes. However, while all of these are valuable, the most recognizable measure of having acquired relevant capabilities is achieving industry-specified professional validations and certifications. This requires carefully pre-designed curricula that account for multiple aspects. Merely providing instruction for professional certification tests and exams can border on training rather than educating, and is therefore more appropriate at a trade or commercial school rather than at a traditional academic institution. Using the advice and direction of external advisory boards, pertinent professional certifications have been identified and the content covered therein evaluated relative to its fit with various engineering and engineering technology curricula. By aligning aspects of professional certifications with established curricula, it is possible to integrate and intersperse the fundamentals and scope of the certifications into the curricula. As students move through their engineering or engineering technology programs they acquire the understanding and capabilities required to obtain appropriate professional certifications if they desire. This has been demonstrated for a variety of programs, including: information technology;engineering management;computer science;environmental, health and safety engineering te

关键词： engineering education

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Performance Evaluation of Multi-ONU Customers Access Network using Spectrum Slicing and Duplication Techniques

Performance Evaluation of Multi-ONU Customers Access Network...

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5th International Conference on Emerging Electrical Energy, Electronics and Computing Technologies, ICE4CT 2024

作者： Rahman, Juwairiyyah Abdul Mugunthan, Sivaguru A.L. Hassan, Hasliza Abu Muslim, Norliana Ab-Rahman, Mohammad Syuhaimi Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor Selangor Bestari Jaya45600 Malaysia Department of Computer and Communication Technology Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Perak Kampar31900 Malaysia Department of Electrical Electronics and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysia Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Sohar University PC:311 Sohar Oman

This study aims to increase the number of access users by limiting the sample size to 30 users while ensuring that every Optical Network Unit (ONU) receives data from the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). The proposed solution allows for the determination of power requirements at each ONU based on bus-star topologies, facilitating an increase in user capacity. The power received by each ONU is a critical parameter that system designers must consider when planning the implementation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH), as it impacts the output data in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal Quality Factor (QF) for each user. Various parameters were evaluated to ensure that the enhanced network improves scalability while adhering to standard specifications. These parameters included the Q-factor, BER, eye diagram, user count, and received power. The study employed slicing and duplication techniques, utilizing Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) for signal duplication and Wavelength Division Multiplexing for signal slicing. The simulations were conducted using a transmitter operating at a frequency of 1491 nm with a power output of 0 dBm, utilizing the latest version of OptiSystem 20 software. The results highlighted the system's capability to support a total of 73,728 users, meeting stringent performance criteria. Specifically, the system achieved a Q-factor greater than 6, indicating high signal quality, and a bit error rate (BER) lower than 1 × 10-9, ensuring reliable data transmission. For the sampled 30 users, the average Q factor was 8.1527, and the average BER was 5.3648 × 10^-11, with an output power level of -54.278 dBm. Despite an increase in users, the quality of the data supplied to clients remained unchanged. These outcomes underscore the robustness and efficiency of the design in delivering high-capacity, error-resilient optical communication. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Q factor measurement

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A mixed integer formulation and an NSGA-II for the Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Priority Indexes

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 74499-74520页

作者： Corona-Gutiérrez, Karina Nucamendi-Guillén, Samuel Martínez-Salazar, Iris Moreno-Vega, J.Marcos Universidad Panamericana Facultad de Ingeniería Álvaro del Portillo 49 Jalisco Zapopan45010 Mexico Graduated Program in Systems Engineering Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Nuevo León San NicolÁs de los Garza Mexico Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo Regional Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. de Ingeniería InformÁtica y de Sistemas Avenida Astrofísico Francisco SÁnchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife38200 Spain

The aim of the paper presented herein is to propose a new mixed integer formulation and an efficient metaheuristic for the Biobjective Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem that incorporates Priority Indexes, an extension of the classical capacitated vehicle routing problem (CCVRP) in which customers are served according to a certain level of preferences by a fixed fleet of heterogeneous vehicles. In this problem, the objectives to minimize consist of (i) the total latency and (ii) the total tardiness of the system. The proposed formulation is based on the multilevel network model for the single objective CCVRP and is implemented via AUGMECON -II. The exact approach proved effective by solving instances of up to 15 nodes in reasonable computational times. In addition, an NSGA-II scheme was designed to deal with larger instances at competitive computational times. This algorithm displayed efficient performance by providing high-quality solutions for instances of up to 100 nodes. Likewise, a comparative analysis was conducted between the proposed approaches and a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm already presented in the literature. The results indicate the superiority of both of our proposed approaches in providing high-quality Pareto fronts in competitive computational times. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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An explainable non-invasive hybrid machine learning framework for accurate prediction of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 189卷 109974-109974页

作者： Mohammed, Areej Alshraideh, Hussam Abu-Helalah, Munir Shamayleh, Abdulrahim Department of Industrial Engineering Engineering Systems Management Program American University of Sharjah SharjahP.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial Engineering American University of Sharjah SharjahP.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Industrial Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine University of Jordan Public Health Institute Amman Jordan

Machine learning models, including thyroid biomarkers, are increasingly utilized in healthcare for biomarker prediction. These models offer the potential to enhance disease diagnosis through data-driven approaches relying on non-invasive techniques. However, no studies have explored the application of fully non-invasive methods for predicting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Consequently, this study introduces a novel, fully non-invasive framework for predicting TSH levels by developing an innovative hybrid machine learning model that balances performance, complexity, and interpretability. Seven ML models were evaluated, and the best-performing models were integrated into a hybrid approach to balance performance, complexity, and interpretability. A dataset of 6190 instances from Jordan was used for model development. Four-dimensional non-invasive factors, including demographics, symptoms, family history, and newly engineered symptom scores, were incorporated into the model. The hybrid model achieved an R2 of 94.2 % and RMSE of 0.015, demonstrating superior predictive performance. Model interpretability was ensured using LIME and SHAP explainers, confirming aggregated symptom scores' critical role in enhancing prediction accuracy. A robust feature selection technique was implemented, reducing model complexity and enhancing performance. Among the top ten features for predicting TSH levels were hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism symptom scores, family history, cold intolerance, itchy-dry skin, sweating, hand tremors, and palpitations. The model can be employed to develop cost-effective diagnostic tools for thyroid disorders. It also offers a robust framework that can be generalized to predict other biomarkers and applied in diverse contexts. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Prediction models

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Methodology for optimizing electrical grounding grids in stratified soils using advanced calculation techniques and evolutionary algorithms

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Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 2025年 95卷

作者： Silva, Carlos Leandro Borges da Pires, Thyago Gumeratto Silva Filho, Antonio Marcelino Bulhões, Junio Santos Belo, Orlando M. Oliveira Rodrigues, Clóves Gonçalves Coimbra, Antonio Paulo Calixto, Wesley Pacheco Electrical Mechanical & Computer Engineering School Federal University of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74.605-220 Brazil Institute of Systems and Robotics Coimbra University CoimbraPC 3030-290 Portugal Department of Informatics School of Engineering University of Minho BragaPC 4710-057 Portugal Electrical Power Systems Study Group Federal Institute of Tocantins Palmas TocantinsPC 77.021-090 Brazil Graduate Program in Production and Systems Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74605-010 Brazil Mato Grosso Brazil Technology Research and Development Center Federal Institute of Goias Goiania Goias PC 74.055-110 Brazil

This paper presents a practical methodology for optimizing the geometry of electrical grounding grids at industrial frequencies of 50Hz and 60Hz, integrating advanced calculation techniques and evolutionary algorithms to improve the safety and operational performance of electrical grounding systems. The proposed approach is particularly beneficial for industrial automation and control systems, where effective grounding is necessary to maintain system reliability and prevent downtime. This methodology employs mathematical modeling and computational tools to optimize grid parameters, ensuring compliance with safety standards while reducing operational costs, thus contributing to the overall efficiency of automated systems in industrial environments. The study reports a reduction of up to 66% in the number of vertical rods and 40% in horizontal conductors compared to traditional methods. These results indicate that the proposed methodology can significantly reduce material usage and costs while maintaining electrical safety in accordance with regulatory standards, making it applicable to a wide range of industrial settings, including substations and automated facilities. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electric grounding

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Following marginal stability manifolds in quasilinear dynamical reductions of multiscale flows in two space dimensions

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Physical Review E 2025年第2期111卷 025105-025105页

作者： Alessia Ferraro Gregory P. Chini T. M. Schneider Emergent Complexity in Physical Systems Laboratory (ECPS) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Nordita Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Stockholm 106 91 Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA

We derive a two-dimensional (2D) extension of a recently developed formalism for slow-fast quasilinear (QL) systems subject to fast instabilities. The emergent dynamics of these systems is characterized by a slow evolution of (suitably defined) mean fields coupled to marginally stable, fast fluctuation fields. By exploiting this scale separation, an efficient hybrid fast-eigenvalue/slow-initial-value solution algorithm can be developed in which the amplitude of the fast fluctuations is slaved to the slowly evolving mean fields to ensure marginal stability—and temporal scale separation—is maintained. For 2D systems, the fluctuation eigenfunctions are labeled by their Fourier wave numbers characterizing spatial variability in that extended spatial direction, and the marginal mode(s) must coincide with the fastest-growing mode(s) over all admissible Fourier wave numbers. Here we derive an ordinary differential equation governing the slow evolution of the wave number of the fastest-growing fluctuation mode that simultaneously must be slaved to the mean dynamics to ensure the mode has zero growth rate. We illustrate the procedure in the context of a 2D model partial differential equation that shares certain attributes with the equations governing strongly stratified shear flows and other strongly constrained forms of geophysical turbulence in extreme parameter regimes. The slaved evolution follows one or more marginal stability manifolds, which constitute select state-space structures that are not invariant under the full flow dynamics yet capture quasicoherent structures in physical space in a manner analogous to invariant solutions identified in, e.g., transitionally turbulent shear flows. Accordingly, we propose that marginal stability manifolds are central organizing structures in a dynamical systems description of certain classes of multiscale flows in which scale separation justifies a QL approximation of the dynamics.

关键词： Shear flow

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Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibilities and Assumptions in Large Language Models 25

Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibili...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems

作者： Nava Haghighi Sunny Yu James A. Landay Daniela Rosner Computer Science Stanford University Stanford California USA Symbolic Systems Program Stanford University Stanford California USA Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford California USA Human Centered Design & Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA

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Effect of Sn addition on electrochemical activity of ribbons of Mg-Al-Ca anode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries fabricated by rapid solidification

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2025年第1期75卷 9-13页

作者： Fukuta, Yoshitaka Kikura, Kensei Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawagun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

Magnesium-based batteries are potential candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to the divalent nature of magnesium cations and the natural abundance of magnesium resources. In this study, the electrochemical activity of Mg-6mass%Al-3mass%Ca anodes combined with Sn was investigated. Thin ribbons of the anode specimens were prepared by a single-roll rapid solidification method. The results showed that the electrochemical activity increased upon adding 1 mass% Sn, while it decreased for 3 mass% Sn. Based on the results of an X-ray diffraction analysis, the addition of Sn led to the formation of Mg2Sn and Ca2Sn phases, which increased the lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that these secondary phases were homogeneously distributed for 1 mass% Sn addition, while they were coarsely distributed for 3 mass% Sn. © 2025 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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MBSE Approach to Early Naval Ship Design Exploration with Power Electronic Power Distribution System in Power and Energy Corridors

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Cuzner, Robert Chalfant, Julie Gross, David Shabani, Hamed Ali, Naqash Steurer, Mischa University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Electrical Engineering MilwaukeeWI53211 United States Design Laboratory of the MIT Sea Grant College Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Florida State University Center for Advanced Power Systems TallahasseeFL32310 United States

The concept development of any system includes the definition of various parameters of interest and determination of the threshold (satisfactory) and goal (desired) value for each. These are classically organized into Measures of Effectiveness, Measures of Performance (MOPs), & Technical Performance Measures (TPMs). These form the basis of performance requirements, the means for evaluating design, and the measure by which systems are validated. A cross-cutting sub-set of MOPs and TPMs, Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) can define the trade space within which to optimize the emerging solution. Applying this systematic approach is substantially complicated when the system of interest aims for unprecedented capabilities from emerging technologies, which is the situation for electric ship research. This paper presents an Integration Framework that effectively maps out a process leading to defined parameter objectives, which is being developed and used in the U.S. Department of Navy sponsored Power Electronic Power Distribution System (PEPDS) research initiative. The method then integrates the Model-Based systems engineering (MBSE) system model with genetic algorithm trade space exploration tools. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Warships

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