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Heterogeneity of the Dominant Causes of Performance Loss in End-of-Life Cathodes and Their Consequences for Direct Recycling

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Popeil, Melissa Usseglio-Viretta, Francois L.E. Pu, Xiaofei Gasper, Paul Dutta, Nikita Wang, Evelyna Allen, Eva Mangum, John S. Sunderlin, Nathaniel Fink, Kae Allen, Jeffery M. Weddle, Peter J. DeCaluwe, Steven C. Finegan, Donal P. Mines/NREL Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Recycling Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles is critical for reducing costs and supporting the development of a domestic battery supply chain. Direct recycling of cathodes, like LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC), is attractive due to its low cost, energy use, and emissions compared to traditional recycling techniques. However, a comprehensive understanding of the active material properties at end-of-life is needed to guide direct recycling processes and the performance-dependent reuse applications. Here, NMC material from an end-of-life commercial pouch cell is characterized and bench-marked against pristine non-cycled counterparts with respect to capacity, impedance, crystallography, morphology, and microstructure to identify major degradation modes and understand variability in the end-of-life material. The spatial heterogeneity of each property throughout the cell is also quantified. While the degraded material demonstrated similar capacity as the pristine, its impedance and rate capability are severely diminished. Furthermore, samples from the periphery of the electrode layers showed more severe performance loss compared to samples extracted from central regions. The dominant culprit of performance loss is the material microstructure, where the magnitude of particle cracking showed the strongest correlation to the impedance components that are most unfavorably impacted. This work suggests severe cracks in cathode active materials are the primary challenge that direct recycling methods must overcome. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： battery NMC recycling

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The Women in Science and engineering (WiSE) program at the University of Southern California: Achievements and challenges of the first five years

The Women in Science and Engineering (WiSE) program at the U...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Hawkes, Nicole Morrison, Jean Raghavendra, Cauligi WiSE University of Southern California United States University of Southern California United States Program University of Southern California United States Department of Earth Sciences Program USC Viterbi School of Engineering United States Departments of Electrical Engineering-Systems and Computer Science University of Southern California United States

The establishment of the Women in Science and engineering (WiSE) program represents the serious commitment of the University of Southern California to address the under-representation of women in science and engineering. Since the launch of the program in 2000, WiSE has helped to more than double the number of tenured and tenure-track women faculty at USC from 15 to 35, through its recruitment and retention programs. Its complimentary programs to support undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral scholars through a range of financial awards and activities have also grown in scope and impact. This paper describes the programs developed and administered by WiSE, the perceived successes to date, the challenges that remain, and the future directions of the program to ensure continued progress toward gender equity in science and engineering at USC. Through an analysis of the WiSE program at USC, we hope to present a model from which others can draw on to tackle the same issues at their own institutions. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： engineering education

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A step in the right direction: Student transition to engineering program

A step in the right direction: Student transition to enginee...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Matanin, Brad Waller, Tremayne Kampe, Jean Brozina, Cory Watford, Bevlee Virginia Tech United States Biological Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University United States STEP Galileo Program Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Diversity STEP Pre-College Initiative Programs Department of Engineering Education Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University United States College of Engineering CEED Office Industrial and Systems Engineering Department National Science Foundation Division of Undergraduate Education United States

In 1995, Virginia Tech's Center for the Enhancement of engineering Diversity (CEED) established and implemented a summer bridge program for pre-enrolled freshman students entering the College of engineering in the subsequent fall. From 1995 to 2004, the program was targeted to under-represented engineering students under the name ASPIRE (The Academic Summer program Introducing Resources for Engineers). In 2004, the CEED office received a $2 million dollar STEP (STEM Talent Expansion program) grant from the National Science Foundation. The goal of the project is to increase the number of students earning degrees in engineering and computer science. One component of the grant activities was the expansion of ASPIRE, marketing it to a larger number of first-year students admitted to the College of engineering (COE). The expanded bridge program still operates under the auspices of the CEED and has been named STEP Bridge - Student Transition to engineering program. Here, we provide a brief overview/history of ASPIRE and then discuss the transition to, and implementation of the STEP Bridge program. We will compare the logistics of managing both programs, costs, demographics of the populations served, fall semester academic performance of the participants as compared to appropriate non-participating cohorts, and student satisfaction with bridge programs. We will also project the program impact and discuss anticipated growing pains as we continue to expand to our target participation of 100 students. We will present what we have learned from the past two years of implementation, as STEP Bridge moves into its third year. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： engineering education

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Learning style and instructional methods in a graduate level engineering program delivered by video teleconferencing technology

Learning style and instructional methods in a graduate level...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： G. Rafe J.H. Manley Manufacturing Systems Engineering Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

The availability of new telecommunication technologies to the educational community has generated a growing interest in the use of distance education methods by institutions to reach larger student bodies. This research considers the use of learning style theory to identify effective instructional methods in a video teleconferencing-based graduate-level engineering program at the University of Pittsburgh. Mismatches in student learning style and instructional strategies have been found to affect students' perceptions of program quality and ultimately their completion of distance education programs.

关键词： Distance learning Educational technology Teleconferencing Manufacturing systems systems engineering and theory Concrete Manufacturing industries Employment Web sites Educational programs

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Endothelial dysfunction promotes age-related reorganization of collagen fibers and alters aortic biomechanics in mice

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American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2025年第4期328卷 H900-H914页

作者： Du, Liya Rodgers, Jeffrey Gharraee, Nazli Gary, Olivia Shazly, Tarek Eberth, John F. Lessner, Susan M. Biomedical Engineering Program College of Engineering and Computing University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA United States

Endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), is a risk factor for the occurrence and progression of various vascular diseases. This study investigates the effect of endothelial dysfunction on age-related changes in aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure and the relationship between microstructural adaptation and the mechanical response. Here, we used groups of NOS3 knockout (KO), NOS3 heterozygotes (Het), and wild-type (WT) B6 mice (controls) to study changes in hemodynamic parameters, collagen fiber organization, and both active and passive aortic mechanics using biaxial pressure myography over a time course from 1.5 to 12 mo. Our results show that homeostatic levels of passive circumferential stress and stretch were preserved in KO mice by remodeling adventitial collagen fibers toward a more predominantly circumferential direction with age, rather than by increased fibrosis, in response to hypertension induced by endothelial dysfunction. However, passive aortic stiffness in KO mice was significantly increased owing to geometrical changes, including significant increases in wall thickness and decreases in inner diameter, and by ECM microstructural reorganization, during this maladaptive vascular remodeling. Furthermore, long-term NO deficiency significantly increased smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility initially, but this effect was attenuated with age. These findings improve our understanding of microstructural and mechanical changes during the maladaptive vascular remodeling process, demonstrating a role for adventitial collagen fiber reorientation in the response to hypertension. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： endothelial dysfunction microstructure of extracellular matrix passive and active vascular biomechanics vascular remodeling

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Strategic legislation for the promotion of university–industry collaborations: a case study of Taiwan

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Journal of Technology Transfer 2025年第1期50卷 304-344页

作者： Truong, Thanh Hue Lin, Bou-Wen Tung, Ching-Pin International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Research Center for Future Earth National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Business Administration College of Management National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan National Applied Research Laboratories No. 106 Sec. 2 Heping E. Rd. Da’an Dist. Taipei City106214 Taiwan Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan

The strategic utilization of technology to enhance industrial competitiveness and product quality is pivotal for economic growth. As universities own more inventions, collaborative efforts between industry and academia become essential for regional competitiveness and overall economic advancement. This study explores Taiwan’s systematic approach to upgrading its infrastructure, emphasizing the significance of University–Industry Collaborations (UIC) in realizing Industry 4.0. Government strategies and policy decisions emerge as key drivers in fostering successful collaborative projects between industry and university teams. The relaxation of restrictions, particularly related to part-time teachers and technology transfer, along with the promotion of corporate programs, effective use of public funding, and the development of an innovative digital platform system for UIC, collectively contribute to establishing a robust university–industry cooperation mechanism. This mechanism has contributed to Taiwan’s move towards new digital advances in innovation and entrepreneurship, fostering industrial leadership and efficient governance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Technology transfer

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Synergetic effects of multiple junction and surface hydroxyl in Cu/CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures towards highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation

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Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2025年 8卷 131-142页

作者： Subagyo, Riki Anindika, Garcelina Rizky Aufkani, Afif Akmal Zhang, Lei Ardhyananta, Hosta Burhan, R.Y. Perry Nugraheni, Zjahra Vianita Akhlus, Syafsir Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Wellia, Diana Vanda Ivansyah, Atthar Luqman Arramel Kusumawati, Yuly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Analytic Data Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPIPTEK South Tangerang Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang25163 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No.10 West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

The implementation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst material in hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) has embarked renewed interest in the past decade. Rapid electron-hole pairs recombination and wide band gap of a photo-sensitive material of TiO2 are detrimental toward the targeted catalytical reaction. In this study, we present the rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance of TiO2-Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterostructures (CuTi) using viable chemical reduction method. The Z-scheme and S-scheme are succesfully generated across the TiO2/CuO/Cu2O interfaces, while the Schottky junction arises on the Cu perimeters. This is evidenced from the blue shifted about 0.3 eV of Cu 2p core level determined by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with the formation of inverse V-shape of the Mott-Schottky plots. In addition, we find that Cu/CuO/Cu2O facilitates photon absorption range up to the visible region. The multiple heterojunction and the large number of OHsurface enhanced charge carrier transfer are associated to the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, high surface hydroxyl (OHsurface) density in CuTi probed by XPS, and fast electron transfer based on the electrochemical measurements. The presence of OHsurface inhibits the recombination of electron. A significant H2 photogeneration rate enhancement is achieved when an optimized 5 wt% Cu/CuO/Cu2O concentration is used on TiO2 to achieve 7,157.19 μmol·g−1 (1,789.30 μmol·g−1·h−1). Based on this finding, zero emission energy innitiative could be materialized under multiple heterojunctions in photocatalytic process is beneficial for enhancing the H2 production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Variable-speed teaching–playback as real-world data augmentation for imitation learning

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Advanced Robotics 2025年

作者： Masuya, Nozomu Sato, Hiroshi Yamane, Koki Kusume, Takuya Sakaino, Sho Tsuji, Toshiaki Doctoral Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems Degree Programs in Systems and Information and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Master’s Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems Degree Programs in Systems and Information and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Department of Intelligent Interaction Technologies Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan

Imitation learning’s inevitable reliance on human demonstrations in hard-to-simulate settings has resulted in a shortage of training data, even with a simple change in speed. Although the field of data augmentation has addressed the lack of data, conventional methods of data augmentation for robot manipulation are limited to simulation-based methods or downsampling for position control. This paper proposes a novel method of data augmentation that is applicable to force control and preserves the advantages of real-world datasets. We applied teaching–playback at variable speeds as real-world data augmentation to increase both the quantity and quality of environmental reactions at variable speeds. An experiment was conducted on bilateral control-based imitation learning using a method of imitation learning equipped with position–force control. We evaluated the effect of real-world data augmentation on two tasks, pick-and-place and wiping, at variable speeds, each from two human demonstrations at fixed speed. The results showed that generation of variable-speed movement from human demonstrations with less than 10% variety of durations is feasible, and improved success rate and accuracy along the duration/frequency command by gathering environmental reactions at variable speeds, rather than simply altering speeds of gathered data. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group and The Robotics Society of Japan.

关键词： Demonstrations

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A Zero Harmonic Distortion Grid-Connected Grid-Forming Converter for Battery Energy Storage System Applications

A Zero Harmonic Distortion Grid-Connected Grid-Forming Conve...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Gabriel V. Ramos Thiago M. Parreiras Fangzhou Zhao Xiongfei Wang Braz de J. C. Filho Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Energy Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

The work proposes the Zero Harmonic Distortion Converter (ZHD) as a grid-connected grid-forming (GFM) converter due to its unique sinusoidal characteristic without capacitive filters, low parts count, and off-the-shelf power circuitry with a simple open-loop control structure that does not contribute to possible control interaction and resonances in grid-connected mode. These characteristic are reached by a harmonic cancellation in a three-winding transformer along with harmonic elimination using the Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE PWM). The ZHD GFM converter is a compelling alternative for GFM battery energy storage systems (BESS) in medium-voltage applications.

关键词： Filters Battery energy storage system Medium voltage Pulse width modulation Harmonic analysis Harmonic distortion Voltage control Power harmonic filters Grid forming Voltage-source converters

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Numerical study of cavitating flow in orifices and its effect on spray characteristics

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第5期30卷 908-919页

作者： Morteza Ghorbani Mechatronics Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Sabanci University Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology

The bubbly flow regime inside orifices has significant effects on several applications, and studying its trend along an orifice could be helpful in identifying the flow mechanism in various situations. The flow regime inside an orifice depends on the situation which has been specified for the orifice. Orifice geometry has a considerable effect on bubbly flow in injectors. Meanwhile, spray characteristics are influenced by the fuel flow inside an orifice, which has strong effects on the mixture of fuel-air. In this study, spray characteristics are studied for different values of the orifice angle. The cavitation phenomenon which occurs inside an orifice varies in intensity and patterns at different angles of the orifice and consequently has diverse effects on spray characteristics. The governing equations are solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The spray flow is modeled by the discrete droplet method（DDM）, the droplet breakup is modeled by the WAVE model, and the primary breakup is modeled by the DIESEL BREAK UP model. In order to generate cavitation phenomenon inside orifices and investigate its effect on spray characteristics, the angle of orifice with respect to the injector body is varied and the problem is studied for different angles of orifice.

关键词： Cavitation iinjector angle microchannel spray

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