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Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

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Achieving the Pareto Frontier of Regret Minimization and Best Arm Identification in Multi-Armed Bandits

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhong, Zixin Cheung, Wang Chi Tan, Vincent Y.F. Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Canada Department of Industrial Systems and Management National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Operations Research and Analytics National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

We study the Pareto frontier of two archetypal objectives in multi-armed bandits, namely, regret minimization (RM) and best arm identification (BAI) with a fixed horizon. It is folklore that the balance between exploitation and exploration is crucial for both RM and BAI, but exploration is more critical in achieving the optimal performance for the latter objective. To this end, we design and analyze the BOBW-LIL’UCB(γ) algorithm. Complementarily, by establishing lower bounds on the regret achievable by any algorithm with a given BAI failure probability, we show that (i) no algorithm can simultaneously perform optimally for both the RM and BAI objectives, and (ii) BOBW-LIL’UCB(γ) achieves order-wise optimal performance for RM or BAI under different values of γ. Our work elucidates the trade-off more precisely by showing how the constants in previous works depend on certain hardness parameters. Finally, we show that BOBW-LIL’UCB outperforms a close competitor UCBα (Degenne et al., 2019) in terms of the time complexity and the regret on diverse datasets such as MovieLens and Published Kinase Inhibitor Set. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of Polyurethane Foams with Tunable Degradation Rates

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Vakil, Anand Utpal Petryk, Natalie Marie Du, Changling Howes, Bryanna Stinfort, Darnelle Serinelli, Serenella Gitto, Lorenzo Ramezani, Maryam Beaman, Henry T. Monroe, Mary Beth Browning Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Syracuse Biomaterials Institute BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States Department of Chemistry Lemoyne College SyracuseNY United States Biotechnology Program Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States SUNY Upstate Medical University 8718 750 East Adams Street SyracuseNY13210 United States

Polyurethane foams present a highly tunable biomaterial platform with potential for use in a range of regenerative medicine applications. Achieving a balance between scaffold degradation rates and tissue ingrowth is vital for successful wound healing in tissue engineering, and significant in vivo testing is required to understand these processes. Selection of promising polymer formulations for testing in appropriate models is essential, and vigorous in vitro testing can minimize the number of animals that are required to gather reliable data. However, it is difficult to accurately select in vitro degradation conditions that can effectively mimic in vivo results. To that end, we performed a comprehensive in vitro assessment of the degradation of porous shape memory polyurethane foams with tunable degradation rates using varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to identify the medium that closely mimics measured in vivo degradation rates. Material degradation was studied over 12 weeks in vitro in 1, 2, or 3% hydrogen peroxide and in vivo in subcutaneous pockets in Sprague Dawley rats. We found that the in vitro degradation conditions that best predicted in vivo degradation rates varied based on the number of mechanisms by which the polymer degraded and the polymer hydrophilicity. Namely, more hydrophilic materials that degrade by both hydrolysis and oxidation require lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1%) to mimic in vivo rates, while more hydrophobic scaffolds that degrade by oxidation alone require higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (3%) to model in vivo degradation. This information can be used to rationally select in vitro degradation conditions that accurately identify in vivo degradation rates prior to characterization in an animal model. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxidation

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The Gender Gap in Scholarly Self-Promotion on Social Media

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Peng, Hao Teplitskiy, Misha Romero, Daniel M. Horvát, Emoke-Ágnes School of Information University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Kellogg School of Management Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Northwestern University Institute on Complex Systems EvanstonIL60208 United States Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard Harvard University BostonMA United States Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan MI United States School of Communication Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Self-promotion in science is ubiquitous but may not be exercised equally by men and women. Research on self-promotion in other domains suggests that, due to bias in self-assessment and adverse reactions to non-gender-conforming behaviors ("pushback"), women tend to self-promote less often than men. We test whether this pattern extends to scholars by examining self-promotion over six years using 23M Tweets about 2.8M research papers by 3.5M authors. Overall, women are about 28% less likely than men to self-promote their papers even after accounting for important confounds, and this gap has grown over time. Moreover, differential adoption of Twitter does not explain the gender gap, which is large even in relatively gender-balanced broad research areas, where bias in self-assessment and pushback are expected to be smaller. Further, the gap increases with higher performance and status, being most pronounced for productive women from top-ranked institutions who publish in high-impact journals. Critically, we find differential returns with respect to gender: while self-promotion is associated with increased tweets of papers, the increase is smaller for women than for men. Our findings suggest that self-promotion varies meaningfully by gender and help explain gender differences in the visibility of scientific ideas. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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Multi-point inverse optimization of constraint parameters

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Ghobadi, Kimia Mahmoudzadeh, Houra Department of Civil and Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Management Sciences University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada

Consider a problem where a set of feasible observations are provided by an expert and a cost function is defined that characterizes which of the observations dominate the others and are hence, preferred. Our goal is to find a set of linear constraints that would render all the given observations feasible while making the preferred ones optimal for the cost (objective) function. Providing such feasible regions (i ) builds a baseline for categorizing future observations as feasible or infeasible, and (ii ) allows for using sensitivity analysis to discern changes in optimal solutions if the objective function changes in the future. To this end, we propose a multi-point inverse optimization framework to recover the constraint set of a forward optimization problem. We focus on linear models in which the objective function is known but the constraint matrix is partially or fully unknown. We propose a general multi-point inverse optimization methodology that recovers the complete constraint matrix. We then introduce a tractable equivalent reformulation that can be solved more efficiently. Furthermore, we provide and discuss several generalized measure functions to inform the desirable properties of the feasible region based on user preference and historical data. Our numerical case studies verify the validity of our approach, emphasize the differences between the proposed measures, and provide intuition for large-scale implementations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linear programming

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Improved multiobjective differential evolution with spherical pruning algorithm for optimizing 3D printing technology parametrization process

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Cruz, Luciano Ferreira Pinto, Flavia Bernardo Camilotti, Lucas Santanna, Angelo Marcio Oliveira Freire, Roberto Zanetti Coelho, Leandro dos Santos Volvo of Brazil Vehicles Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira 2600 Curitiba81260-900 Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Imaculada Conceição 1155 Curitiba80215-901 Brazil Industrial Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Bahia prof. Aristides Novis 2 Salvador41250-360 Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Paraná Cel. Francisco Heráclito dos Santos 100 Curitiba81531-980 Brazil

Multiobjective optimization approaches have allowed the improvement of technical features in industrial processes, focusing on more accurate approaches for solving complex engineering problems and support decision-making. This paper proposes a hybrid approach to optimize the 3D printing technology parameters, integrating the design of experiments and multiobjective optimization methods, as an alternative to classical parametrization design used in machining processes. Alongside the approach, a multiobjective differential evolution with uniform spherical pruning (usp-MODE) algorithm is proposed to serve as an optimization tool. The parametrization design problem considered in this research has the following three objectives: to minimize both surface roughness and dimensional accuracy while maximizing the mechanical resistance of the prototype. A benchmark with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and with the classical sp-MODE is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. With the increasing complexity of engineering problems and advances in 3D printing technology, this study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed hybrid approach, finding optimal combinations for the machining process among conflicting objectives regardless of the number of decision variables and goals involved. To measure the performance and to compare the results of metaheuristics used in this study, three Pareto comparison metrics have been utilized to evaluate both the convergence and diversity of the obtained Pareto approximations for each algorithm: hyper-volume (H), g-Indicator (G), and inverted generational distance (IGD). To all of them, ups-MODE outperformed, with significant figures, the results reached by NSGA-II and sp-MODE algorithms. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Learning force control for contact-rich manipulation tasks with rigid position-controlled robots

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Beltran-Hernandez, Cristian C. Petit, Damien Ramirez-Alpizar, Ixchel G. Nishi, Takayuki Kikuchi, Shinichi Matsubara, Takamitsu Harada, Kensuke Department of Systems Innovation Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Japan Japan Process Engineering & Technology Center Research & Development Management Headquarters FUJIFILM Corporation Japan Japan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have been proven successful in solving manipulation tasks autonomously. However, RL is still not widely adopted on real robotic systems because working with real hardware entails additional challenges, especially when using rigid position-controlled manipulators. These challenges include the need for a robust controller to avoid undesired behavior, that risk damaging the robot and its environment, and constant supervision from a human operator. The main contributions of this work are, first, we propose a fail-safe mechanism for safely training an RL agent on manipulation tasks using a rigid robot. Second, to enable a position-controlled manipulator to perform contact-rich manipulation tasks, we implemented two different force control schemes based on standard force feedback controllers;one is a modified parallel position-force control, and the other one is an impedance control. Third, we empirically study both control schemes when used as the action representation of an RL agent. We evaluate the tradeoff between control complexity and performance by comparing several versions of the control schemes, each with a different number of force control parameters. The proposed methods are validated both on simulation and a real robot, a UR3 e-series robotic arm when executing contact-rich manipulation tasks. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Force control

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Correction to: On the optimization of pit stop strategies via dynamic programming

引用

Central European Journal of Operations Research 2022年第4期30卷 1513-1513页

作者： Carrasco Heine, Oscar F. Thraves, Charles Research Centre for Operations Management KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Industrial Engineering Institute for Complex Systems in Engineering (Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería) ISCI University of Chile Santiago Chile

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TBI Score - use of a mobile score system to aid the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in Brazil

引用

Procedia Computer Science 2022年 196卷 493-500页

作者： Filipe Andrade Bernardi Vinicius Costa Lima Danilo Maglio Sampaio Marcelo Cordeiro dos Santos Rui Pedro Charters Lopes Rijo Domingos Alves Bioengineering Postgraduate Program University of São Paulo São Carlos Brazil Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Institute Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Foundation for Tropical Medicine Manaus Brazil Tropical Medicine Postgraduate Program Amazonas State University Manaus Brazil School of Technology and Management Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria Portugal INESCC - Institute for Systems and Computers Engineering at Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services (CINTESIS) Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs and remains as one of the biggest public health problems in the world. The treatment methods currently available can cure almost all cases. Due to the difficulty of bacteriological confirmation of TB in children, the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommended the use of a scoring system for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in childhood, covering aspects of clinical, radiological and epidemiological data. The general objective of this work is the development and availability of a mobile application based on the score described in the Manual of Recommendations for TB Control in Brazil. The application was organized to make the questionnaire flow linear, while maintaining the accordance with the structure presented in the manual. The score adapted to the Brazilian context allows health professionals to underpin their decisions with reliable information.

关键词： childhood tuberculosis digital health mobile applications public health

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Salience Estimation with Multi-Attention Learning for Abstractive Text Summarization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Piji Bing, Lidong Wei, Zhongyu Lam, Wai Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Chinese University of Hong Kong Tencent AI Lab Shenzhen China Alibaba DAMO Academy School of Data Science Fudan University China

Attention mechanism plays a dominant role in the sequence generation models and has been used to improve the performance of machine translation and abstractive text summarization. Different from neural machine translation, in the task of text summarization, salience estimation for words, phrases or sentences is a critical component, since the output summary is a distillation of the input text. Although the typical attention mechanism can conduct text fragment selection from the input text conditioned on the decoder states, there is still a gap to conduct direct and effective salience detection. To bring back direct salience estimation for summarization with neural networks, we propose a Multi-Attention Learning framework which contains two new attention learning components for salience estimation: supervised attention learning and unsupervised attention learning. We regard the attention weights as the salience information, which means that the semantic units with large attention value will be more important. The context information obtained based on the estimated salience is incorporated with the typical attention mechanism in the decoder to conduct summary generation. Extensive experiments on some benchmark datasets in different languages demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for the task of abstractive summarization. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Text processing

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