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Explainable artificial intelligence model for accident severity modeling

Asian Journal of Civil engineering 2025年第6期26卷 2433-2445页

作者： Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali Umar, Ibrahim Khalil Khasawneh, Ahmad Ali Civil Engineering Department Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University P.O. Box 1664 Al Khobar 31952 Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Technology Kano State Polytechnic Kano 700282 Nigeria Management Engineering and Process Improvement Department/Integrated Systems Engineering Department Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Ohio State University 660 Ackerman Rd Columbus 43202 OH United States

Accident severity prediction is a critical challenge in traffic safety management, emergency response, and urban mobility planning. Road accidents remain a leading cause of fatalities worldwide, yet existing accident analysis frameworks often lack predictive accuracy, interpretability, and real-time decision-making capabilities. Traditional statistical models fail to capture complex interactions between vehicle attributes, driver behavior, and environmental factors, limiting their effectiveness in accident severity assessment. This study addresses these gaps by developing an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework for accident severity prediction, leveraging machine learning models (Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, and Naïve Bayes) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to enhance model transparency. The dataset, sourced from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), consists of 7394 recorded crashes and incorporates key predictors such as airbag deployment, control devices, seatbelt usage, and driver demographics. Experimental results demonstrate that XGBoost outperforms other models, achieving the highest accuracy (80.8%), recall (80.8%), and F1-score (81.0%), making it the most reliable classifier for distinguishing between severe and non-severe accidents. SHAP analysis reveals that airbag deployment, seatbelt usage, and control devices significantly impact accident severity outcomes, providing valuable insights into policy-driven interventions and traffic management strategies. Despite its effectiveness, the study highlights limitations such as data imbalance, lack of real-time behavioral factors, and exclusion of non-fatal crashes, suggesting deep learning integration, real-time telematics, and hybrid AI models in future research. The proposed framework offers a data-driven approach to accident severity prediction, improving road safety policies, vehicle design enhancements, and emergency response eff

关键词： Accident severity prediction Explainable AI Feature importance Machine learning models Risk assessment Traffic safety

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Effect of Sn addition on electrochemical activity of ribbons of Mg-Al-Ca anode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries fabricated by rapid solidification

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2025年第1期75卷 9-13页

作者： Fukuta, Yoshitaka Kikura, Kensei Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawagun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

Magnesium-based batteries are potential candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to the divalent nature of magnesium cations and the natural abundance of magnesium resources. In this study, the electrochemical activity of Mg-6mass%Al-3mass%Ca anodes combined with Sn was investigated. Thin ribbons of the anode specimens were prepared by a single-roll rapid solidification method. The results showed that the electrochemical activity increased upon adding 1 mass% Sn, while it decreased for 3 mass% Sn. Based on the results of an X-ray diffraction analysis, the addition of Sn led to the formation of Mg2Sn and Ca2Sn phases, which increased the lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that these secondary phases were homogeneously distributed for 1 mass% Sn addition, while they were coarsely distributed for 3 mass% Sn. © 2025 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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Optimal Energy Scheduling of Load Demand with Two-Level Multi-objective Functions in Smart Electrical Grid

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Operations Research Forum 2025年第2期6卷 1-23页

作者： Du, T.X. Jorshary, Kamilia Mehrabi Seyedrezaei, Mirali Uglu, Valisher Sapayev Odilbek School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China Energy Systems Department Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University Athens OH United States Department of Economics and Business Colorado School of Mines Golden 80401 CO United States General Professional Science Department Mamun University Khiva Uzbekistan

In this paper, electrical grid scheduling with hybrid demand management via a multi-level optimization approach is implemented. At the upper level, demand management approaches are implemented, and at the lower level, multi-objective functions are optimized. The implementation of demand management approaches, including load shifting and interruption approaches, is carried out. These approaches are optimized subject to power prices in the upstream grid. The multi-objectives like reliability index and operation costs are optimized subject to demand management approaches at the upper level. By using the linear programming technique for the multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP) and fuzzy methods, the optimal solution in Pareto solutions for multi-objectives is selected. The performance of the approach is analyzed on the 69-bus network by employing power scheduling and integrating results from mathematical modeling through several case studies. With the implementation of the demand management approaches in optimal power consumption, the reliability index is improved by 0.6% and operating costs are minimized by 2.43% compared to the lack of demand management. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Demand management approaches Multi-level optimization approach Multi-objective functions Power prices

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Towards Resilient and Sustainable Water and Energy Sectors in Jordan 8th

Towards Resilient and Sustainable Water and Energy Sectors i...

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8th International Conference on Material engineering and Nanotechnology, ICMEN 2024

作者： Sawalha, Ansam Baqain, Sameeh Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali Sawalha, Amani Khasawneh, Ahmad Ali Department of Civil Engineering American University of Madaba Madaba Jordan Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Madaba Madaba Jordan Department of Civil Engineering Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Architecture Engineering Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Management Engineering and Process Improvement Department/Integrated Systems Engineering Department Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Ohio State University 660 Ackerman Road ColumbusOH43202 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789819636235

The concepts of resilience and sustainability have recently gained significant attention from industrial and academic institutions. The resilience concept in the water and energy sectors indicates the ability to recover from disruptions such as natural disasters, whereas the sustainable concept ensures that current needs are met without compromising future generations. In Jordan, the water and energy sectors face numerous challenges, including scarce natural resources combined with the growth in climate-related disasters, regional instability, conflicts, urbanization, continuing difficulties in water and energy resources, and consumer awareness of sources’ conservation and sustainability. To address these pressing issues, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 33 experts from government, international organizations, private companies, and donor agencies. These discussions explored the current state of the water and energy sectors, highlighting key challenges, the critical need to integrate resilience and sustainability, and potential future directions. The study’s findings emphasize the importance of coordinated strategic planning, along with specific recommendations such as upgrading water pumps, installing smart meters, and implementing time-based tariffs to promote responsible consumption. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Energy Energy Sector Resilience Sustainable Water Water Sector

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Investigating the Feasibility and Benefits of Integrating Renewable Energy systems into Sustainable Pavement Materials and Structures 8th

Investigating the Feasibility and Benefits of Integrating Re...

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8th International Conference on Material engineering and Nanotechnology, ICMEN 2024

作者： Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali Sawalha, Ansam Khasawneh, Ahmad Ali Rababah, Samer Department of Civil Engineering Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering American University of Madaba Madaba Jordan Management Engineering and Process Improvement Department/Integrated Systems Engineering Department Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & Ohio State University 660 Ackerman Road ColumbusOH43202 United States Department of Civil Engineering Joordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819636235

Sustainability and green environment concepts have evolved in various fields, including but not limited to industry, energy, transport, and construction. Several applications and technologies are integrated into pavement in order to enhance the sustainability of transport infrastructure. Thus, this paper aims to provide an in-depth review to examine the feasibility and benefits of embedding several renewable energy technologies, such as piezoelectric, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and kinetic energy harvesting systems, into pavement materials. The paper also addresses the environmental impacts of integrating renewable energy into pavement materials and structures. The findings suggest that despite challenges such as high costs and efficiency optimization needs, the integration of renewable energy into transport infrastructure can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development. Finally, future advancements in renewable energy-integrated pavement systems could transform sustainable infrastructure by enabling roads to generate power. Techniques such as piezoelectric materials, photovoltaic pavements, thermoelectric materials, and geothermal energy harvesting, alongside carbon-neutral materials with carbon capture, offer innovative ways to reduce the carbon footprint of roadways and provide alternative energy sources. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Clean energy

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Single-Loop Variance-Reduced Stochastic Algorithm for Nonconvex-Concave Minimax Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jiang, Xia Zhu, Linglingzhi Zheng, Taoli So, Anthony Man-Cho Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Nonconvex-concave (NC-C) finite-sum minimax problems have broad applications in decentralized optimization and various machine learning tasks. However, the nonsmooth nature of NC-C problems makes it challenging to design effective variance reduction techniques. Existing vanilla stochastic algorithms using uniform samples for gradient estimation often exhibit slow convergence rates and require bounded variance assumptions. In this paper, we develop a novel probabilistic variance reduction updating scheme and propose a single-loop algorithm called the probabilistic variance-reduced smoothed gradient descent-ascent (PVR-SGDA) algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieves an iteration complexity of O(∊−4), surpassing the best-known rates of stochastic algorithms for NC-C minimax problems and matching the performance of the best deterministic algorithms in this context. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through numerical simulations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Consensus algorithm

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Development of a hanging pendulum thrust stand for pulsed plasma thrusters

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Acta Astronautica 2025年 234卷 368-386页

作者： Li, Yueh-Heng Lien, Wai-Cheng Liu, Sheng-Wen Institute of Space Systems Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan International Doctoral Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

Thrust stands are essential tools for evaluating the performance of propulsion systems, including Hall effect thrusters, ion thrusters, and pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs). Our thrust stand supports a prototype weighing up to 0.8 kg and measures impulses from 150 to 550 μN s. It generates voltage oscillations with peaks between 5 mV and 35 mV, which, combined with NI voltage modules, minimizes weight constraints on the propulsion system while maintaining accurate measurements under low thrust-to-weight conditions. This design introduces a novel approach compared to conventional torsional thrust stands. By aligning the propulsion system's center of mass with the pendulum arm, we eliminate the need for spring torque. Instead, gravitational torque provides the necessary equivalent spring constant for damping. The eddy-current damper, featuring a copper plate, doubles as both a damping mechanism and a counterweight, allowing adjustments for different propulsion system weights. Unlike elastic pivots, this design avoids performance degradation from material fatigue or thermal effects. Challenges in the current system include non-linear spring and damping coefficients caused by PPT power cables and pulse-width errors during calibration. Future improvements will consist of cable feed-throughs to isolate vibrations without introducing unwanted coefficients. Additionally, the improvement aims to optimize the impulse generator's power supply to eliminate calibration errors caused by high-voltage pulse-width fluctuations. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Ion propulsion

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Computations and Complexities of Tarski’s Fixed Points and Supermodular Games 18th

Computations and Complexities of Tarski’s Fixed Points an...

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18th International Joint Conference on Theoretical Computer Science-Frontier of Algorithmic Wisdom, IJTCS-FAW 2024

作者： Dang, Chuangyin Qi, Qi Ye, Yinyu Department of Systems Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence Renmin University of China Beijing China Department of Management Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305-4026 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777518

We consider two models of computation for Tarski’s order preserving function f related to fixed points in a complete lattice: the oracle function model and the polynomial function model. In both models, we find the first polynomial time algorithm for finding a Tarski’s fixed point. In addition, we provide a matching oracle bound for determining the uniqueness in the oracle function model and prove it is Co-NP hard in the polynomial function model. The existence of the pure Nash equilibrium in supermodular games is proved by Tarski’s fixed point theorem. Exploring the difference between supermodular games and Tarski’s fixed point, we also develop the computational results for finding one pure Nash equilibrium and determining the uniqueness of the equilibrium in supermodular games. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Nash equilibrium

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A decentralized and privacy-preserving framework for electronic health records using blockchain

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 196-203页

作者： Alahmari, Saad Alshardan, Amal Al-Wesabi, Fahd N. Sorour, Shaymaa Alghushairy, Omar Alsini, Raed Khadidos, Alaa O. Duhayyim, Mesfer Al Department of Computer Science Applied College Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj16273 Saudi Arabia

As healthcare services have become increasingly digitized, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become widely adopted, providing seamless data exchange among providers. Conventional EHRs, however, are extremely vulnerable to cyber threats because patients' sensitive data is centralized and transmitted electronically. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving framework for managing EHRs on blockchains in order to address these security and privacy concerns. Using cryptographic techniques, such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, the proposed system enhances security and ensures data integrity. Additionally, the model facilitates scalable, efficient, and secure access to patient records through the integration of cloud-based storage and blockchain. Using smart contracts, we also ensure compliance with healthcare regulations by regulating access control and authentication. As a result of performance evaluations, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be feasible, and the advantages it offers in terms of security, privacy, and efficiency are highlighted. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electronic health record

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Evaluation of Factors that Impede the Use of Construction 4.0 Technologies for Construction Safety management

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Journal of engineering, Project, and Production management 2025年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Desai, Vimlesh Prabhu D’souza, Lysette Singh, Anil Bhadauria, Vikram Management Studies Department Agnel Institute of Technology and Design Goa Assagao403507 India V M Salgaocar Institute of International Hospitality Education Manora – Raia Goa Salcete 403720 India Department of Information Systems and Operation Management College of Business University of Texas ArlingtonTX76019 United States Department of Information Systems and Computing Technologies College of Business Engineering and Technology Texas A&M University TexarkanaTX75503 United States

The safety performance of the construction sector remains subpar despite the utilization of both conventional and new methodologies. Consequently, there is a decline in the standard of work, the efficiency of employees, and an escalation in project expenses and duration. In order to enhance safety, it is imperative for the industry to use cutting-edge digital technologies at every stage of the project’s lifespan. The utilization of these technologies is not yet prevalent and, by far, may be a factor in the poor safety record in the construction industry. This study aims to identify and evaluate factors that impede the use of such technology to improve health and safety in construction management. Literature review and interviews with a few experts were able to garner 18 factors, which were evaluated by experienced industry professionals on a 5-point Likert scale using a questionnaire survey. The responses were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII) and factor analysis. The analyses indicated ‘Employees’ resistance and reluctance to change’, ‘high upfront investment’, ‘lack of awareness about digital technologies and their benefits’, ‘limited trained workforce to work on digital technologies’, and ‘poor data communication infrastructure facilities’ as the top five barriers. Factor analyses churned out six groups: ‘Organization readiness’, ‘Industry readiness’, ‘Country readiness’, ‘Technology related’, ‘Data related’, and ‘Investment related’ on the basis of latent characteristics. The findings will aid firms, the government, and academia in directing resources and planning strategies to improve the usage of C4.0 technologies in safety and health management in the construction industry. Copyright © Journal of engineering, Project, and Production management (EPPM-Journal).

关键词： Construction industry

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