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The effect of additives on particulate matter and gaseous emissions from combustion and oxy-fuel combustion of a biofuel blend composed of poultry manure and pine wood chips

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年第7期32卷 4090-4102页

作者： Kubay, Hasan Hüseyin Akyürek, Zuhal Department of Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur15030 Turkey

In this study, the effect of additives on particulate matter (PM) and flue gas emissions during the co-combustion of poultry waste and pine woodchips in air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions was examined. The appropriate additive for the fuel mixture to reduce PM emissions has been selected by a fast screening method based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in oxygen environment. Among the additives CaHPO4, MgCO3, MnCO3, MgPO4, kaolin, CaO, and Zn, the most suitable ones were determined as Zn and MgCO3. The thermal degradation performance of biofuels containing 2 wt% additives was examined by TGA method under pyrolysis, combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Ashes obtained from the additivated biofuel mixture were examined by XRF, XRD, and SEM–EDS analyses, and the effect of additives on the ash structure was investigated. Flue gas emissions of co-firing biofuel were analyzed by TGA-FTIR. It has been observed that the highest emission is CO2, and the oxy-fuel combustion process and addivation have shown reducing effect on CO2 emissions. Under oxy-fuel combustion conditions, higher CO and lower NOx, SO2, and HCl emissions occurred at a lower rate compared to the air environment, and additives also showed a reducing effect. The composition and crystal structure of Zn-additivated biofuel ash support its reducing effect in PM emissions. It was concluded that Zn is a more suitable additive in terms of PM and flue gas emissions than MgCO3. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Flues

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Multi-Vehicle Collaborative Trajectory Planning Based on Kaldor-Hicks Improvement

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 12512-12525页

作者： Rong, Donglei Yao, Wenbin Yang, Chengcheng Bai, Congcong Jin, Sheng Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Hong Kong Zhejiang Sci-Tech University School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Hangzhou310018 China Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Zhongyuan Institute Zhejiang University Zhengzhou450000 China

This paper employs lateral and longitudinal trajectory planning to generate candidate trajectories and discards those that do not satisfy the constraints imposed by single-vehicle conditions. Next, a collaborative trajectory combination set for multiple vehicles is derived from the candidate trajectories, with multi-vehicle constraints applied to eliminate combinations that fail to meet the required conditions. The objective function for each candidate trajectory set is first calculated using a single-vehicle objective function, after which a multi-vehicle objective function based on the Kaldor-Hicks improvement principle is constructed. Finally, the paper introduces an improved particle swarm optimization method for multi-vehicle collaborative trajectory planning. The results demonstrate that the dynamic spatiotemporal occupancy growth rate, under varying planning times and frequencies, is at least 19%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm ensures efficient allocation of travel resources, preventing competition among vehicles that could compromise system feasibility. When verified with HighD trajectory data, the algorithm not only delivers superior optimization results but also exhibits lower standard deviations in dynamic spatiotemporal occupancy and speed compared to real-world data. Finally, the algorithm’s superiority in real-time decision-making and stability is confirmed. Note to Practitioners—In the context of mixed traffic comprising both autonomous and human-driven vehicles, this paper tackles the challenge of coordinating autonomous vehicles to improve traffic efficiency and safety in real-time environments. It presents a promising approach to enhancing cooperative behavior in complex scenarios by integrating real-time data streams to optimize adaptability and ensure equitable driving efficiency across different vehicle types. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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Simultaneous imposition of initial and boundary conditions via decoupled physics-informed neural networks for solving initialboundary value problems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第4期46卷 763-780页

作者： K.A.LUONG M.A.WAHAB J.H.LEE Deep Learning Architecture Research Center Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea Soete Laboratory Department of Electrical EnergyMetalsMechanical Constructionsand SystemsFaculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityGent9000Belgium College of Engineering Yuan Ze UniversityTaoyuan32026TaiwanChina

Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static problems;however,the simultaneous enforcement of I/BCs in dynamic problems remains *** overcome this limitation,a novel approach called decoupled physics-informed neural network(d PINN)is proposed in this *** d PINN operates based on the core idea of converting a partial differential equation(PDE)to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)via the space-time decoupled *** this end,the latent solution is expressed in the form of a linear combination of approximation functions and coefficients,where approximation functions are admissible and coefficients are unknowns of time that must be ***,the system of ODEs is obtained by implementing the weighted-residual form of the original PDE over the spatial domain.A multi-network structure is used to parameterize the set of coefficient functions,and the loss function of d PINN is established based on minimizing the residuals of the gained *** this scheme,the decoupled formulation leads to the independent handling of I/***,the BCs are automatically satisfied based on suitable selections of admissible ***,the original ICs are replaced by the Galerkin form of the ICs concerning unknown coefficients,and the neural network(NN)outputs are modified to satisfy the gained *** benchmark problems involving different types of PDEs and I/BCs are used to demonstrate the superior performance of d PINN compared with regular PINN in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost.

关键词： decoupled physics-informed neural network(dPINN) decoupled formulation Galerkin method initial-boundary value problem(IBVP) machine learning

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Collision Avoidance Method for USVs Based on the Artificial Potential Field and Elliptical Ship Domain

Collision Avoidance Method for USVs Based on the Artificial ...

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2025 IEEE Underwater Technology, UT 2025

作者： Chen, Youquan Huang, Shen-Wei Weng, Wei-Chu National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Systems Engineering and Naval Architecture Keelung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534189

With the rapid development of unmanned vehicle technology, the shipping industry is facing increasingly severe navigation safety challenges. The significant increase in the number of ships at sea has made ports and waterways more congested. To address this, the International Maritime Organization has formulated the COLREGs to promote coordination and consensus in collision avoidance processes. However, approximately 80% of maritime accidents are caused by human error, highlighting the importance of developing unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). USVs can not only assist tugboats and pilots with boarding operations but also reduce the risk of human error. The APF method has been widely applied in collision avoidance technology for unmanned vehicles. APF technology transforms navigation into a potential field model, allowing ships to autonomously avoid obstacles. However, the traditional artificial potential field method often results in longer collision avoidance paths in dynamic environments or high-density navigation areas, thereby increasing risk. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved method based on the artificial potential field to guide ship collision avoidance. This method creates an elliptical field at the collision point of two ships. As the distance between the own ship and the collision point decreases, the semi-minor axis of the elliptical field lengthens. An attractive point is set at the edge of the semi-minor axis. The attractive force generated by this point and the repulsive force generated by the collision point overlap, forming a resultant force to guide the ship in collision avoidance. Compared to the traditional artificial potential field method without an attractive point, the improved method proposed in this work can reduce the collision avoidance path length by 12-24%. Most importantly, this method complies with COLREGs regulations, enabling quick alignment with existing ship collision avoidance rules and ensuring consistency. Th

关键词： Unmanned surface vehicles

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Effect of Wet−dry Cycles and Water-to-cement Ratios on Cement Paste Carbonation

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Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 2025年第4期23卷 205-222页

作者： Zhao, Zhiwei Oh, Dayoung Kitagaki, Ryoma Zheng, Tianlong Maruyama, Ippei Division of Human Environmental Systems Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo060-8628 Japan Department of Architecture Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 113-8685 Japan Department of Environmental Engineering and Architecture Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan

Cement production is associated with significant energy consumption and CO2 emissions, whereas concrete waste from demolition and renovation has the potential for CO2 absorption. This study investigated the effects of relative humidity and water-to-cement (w/c) ratio on the carbonation of hardened cement pastes with w/c ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the carbonated samples, which were exposed to five different constant humidity conditions and underwent five types of wet–dry cycles. The results indicated that higher w/c ratios increased the hydration degree and pore formation, facilitating CO2 diffusion and promoting carbonation. Wet–dry cycles enhanced pore generation and calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) decomposition through shrinkage and deformation during the drying process. In addition, the minimum and maximum humidity of the wet–dry cycles influenced the formation of vaterite and amount of vaterite converted to calcite. The highest CO2 uptake after 14 days for WC06-40100 with a w/c ratio of 0.6 exhibited twice that of RH40 and 22% higher than that of RH80 on day 14. Moreover, the amount of CO2 uptake under RH40-100 for 28 days was approximately 17% of the annual CO2 emissions from cement production. © 2025 Japan Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding / Earthing

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2025年

作者： Norbert Doerry Mohammed M. Islam John Prousalidis

ISBN: (数字)9781119933106;9781119933090

ISBN: (纸本)9781119933083

This book delves into the diverse prerequisites for grounding and earthing in contemporary ship power systems, addressing the evolving landscape of ship design influenced by power electronics The introduction of transformative technologies such as variable frequency drives and electric propulsion systems has heightened the complexity of shipboard grounding systems. This complexity necessitates accommodation for robust electronic systems, extending the focus beyond traditional grounding aspects to include common mode grounding and its profound design implications. Engineers now require a comprehensive guide to navigate the intricacies of shipboard electric power systems. To meet this imperative, Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing provides an in-depth exploration of the subject. It offers a step-by-step initiation into the grounding process, supported by numerous case studies for enhanced comprehension. Aligned with both US and international standards, this book serves as an essential resource for engineers engaged in the design and implementation of shipboard power systems. Key highlights for readers encompass meticulous comparisons between terrestrial power system grounding and shipboard power grounding, as well as comprehensive discussions on high resistance grounding, shipboard AC system grounding requirements, DC system grounding, and more, including common mode grounding and earthing. The inclusion of abundant engineering drawings supports significant case studies, enhancing the practical application of the material. Designed to cater to a broad audience, Design of Shipboard Power System Grounding/Earthing is invaluable for readers involved with shipboard electrical systems, including shipbuilders, ship designers, ship operators, and those in regulatory bodies such as the Navy, USCG, ABS, among others. This resource is also well-suited for academicians, particularly final-year undergraduate and graduate students in marine electrical engineering

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Using ROVs for Tilt Angle Measurement of Pier Foundation Piles at Pier-Type Docks

Using ROVs for Tilt Angle Measurement of Pier Foundation Pil...

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2025 IEEE Underwater Technology, UT 2025

作者： Yeh, Zeh-Yao Huang, Sheng-Wei Zhou, En-Yi Huang, Ho-Yueh National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Systems Engineering and Naval Architecture Taiwan National Taiwan University Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534189

Regular inspection of pier foundation piles is essential for ensuring the structural integrity and operational safety of pier-type docks. Traditional approaches rely on divers to manually measure pile tilt angles using inclinometers, but these methods pose significant safety risks and are increasingly constrained by the dwindling availability of skilled divers. This study investigates the use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) equipped with advanced sonar technology as a safer, more efficient alternative for underwater pile inspections. A mini-ROV outfitted with dual-frequency forward-looking sonar (FLS) and supplementary sensors was employed, with the sonar system mounted vertically to facilitate tilt angle measurements through edge detection of sonar images. To enhance the robustness of data processing under complex underwater environments, algorithmic improvements in noise suppression and edge detection were implemented. Field experiments conducted at Xingda Harbor in Taiwan involved inspecting 65 pier foundation piles. The ROV's sonar-based measurements were compared to diver-acquired tilt angles, which served as the ground truth. Results revealed that the ROV method achieved an average error of -1.37 degrees, with final error rates remaining within 4% after compensating for ROV attitude changes. These findings confirm that the ROV-based approach delivers accuracy comparable to traditional diver methods while significantly reducing operational risks and reliance on human divers. This study underscores the potential of ROVs to revolutionize underwater inspections, offering a safe and efficient solution for real-world applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Piers

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Inspection of Steel Sheet-Pile Quaywall Using Underwater Remotely Operated

Inspection of Steel Sheet-Pile Quaywall Using Underwater Rem...

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2025 IEEE Underwater Technology, UT 2025

作者： Huang, Ho-Yueh Huang, Sheng-Wei Guo, Jenhwa National Taiwan University Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering Taipei Taiwan National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Systems Engineering & Naval Architecture Keelung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534189

Steel sheet pile wharves are integral to port infrastructure, necessitating routine inspections to ensure their structural safety and longevity. Traditional inspection methods, involving divers equipped with cameras, focus on visual assessments, thickness measurements, and cathodic protection system evaluations. While effective, these methods are labor-intensive and expose divers to significant risks. This work explores the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) as an alternative for inspecting two steel sheet pile wharves, labeled A and B. The ROV-based inspections were compared to conventional diver-based methods in terms of defect detection, biofouling removal efficiency, and steel thickness measurements. The findings reveal that ROV inspections offer several advantages, including enhanced safety, reduced operational time, and comparable accuracy in detecting structural anomalies. However, challenges such as limited visibility due to marine growth and calibration issues with thickness measurements were noted. This work proposes strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing the need for optimized ROV designs and improved operational protocols. By demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of ROV technology, this research provides valuable insights for advancing underwater inspection methods, ensuring safer and more efficient maintenance of steel sheet pile wharves. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Inspection

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Real-Time Digital Twin for Construction Vehicle Stability Assessment and Visualization with Improved Front-Loader Payload Estimation 11

Real-Time Digital Twin for Construction Vehicle Stability As...

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11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport systems, VEHITS 2025

作者： Tuerlinckx, Théo Weckx, Sam Robyns, Steven De Kooning, Jeroen D.M. MotionS Corelab FlandersMake 133 Oude Diestersebaan Lommel3920 Belgium Department of Electromechanical Systems and Metal Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Ghent University Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587450

The stability assessment of construction vehicles, which are part of a constantly growing market, is of a high importance for safety and working efficiency. For such vehicles, the stability is mainly impacted by the carried payload. In this paper, a state of the art payload estimation method, based on simplified motion equations, is further improved by coupling it with accurate real-time multibody modelling. An example, that allows to reduce the important impact of joints damping on the payload estimation method, is developed and validated in this paper. A reduction of the payload estimation moving window root mean square error from 12.8% to 2.9% is obtained. Finally, the tractor multibody digital-twin is integrated in a real-time system on a physical setup, allowing to process the signals of the tractor and provide an easy to interpret visualization of the vehicle stability to the operator. Copyright © 2025 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Visualization

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Processing and Analysis of Phase-Locked Cavitation Images on a Marine Propeller Surface

Processing and Analysis of Phase-Locked Cavitation Images on...

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2025 IEEE Underwater Technology, UT 2025

作者： Kao, Hao-Chun Yang, Ching-Yi Lee, Yaw-Huei Chow, Yi-Chih National Taiwan Ocean University Dept. Systems Engineering & Naval Architecture Keelung Taiwan Ship and Ocean Industries R&D Center Tamsui Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534189

Propeller cavitation has long been a key field of research in marine propulsion systems. This paper presents the processing and analysis of a series of cavitation images acquired by a phase-locked digital imaging system, which was integrated with a cavitation tunnel for open-water tests of a marine propeller. Effective procedures of algorithms of processing and analysis suitable for propeller's cavitation images were developed to extract parameterized characteristics of cavitation. The final results can be expected to be used for validating corresponding numerical simulations and further advancing the propeller's design. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cavitation

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