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System Optimal Routing and Distribution of Benefits on National Road Networks

Transportation Research Procedia 2025年 82卷 2532-2545页

作者： Alexander Roocroft Giuliano Punzo Muhamad Azfar Ramli Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore

Rerouting drivers from selfish route choices to system-optimal traffic patterns has the potential to improve the performance of existing infrastructure. Previous research has looked into assessing the potential of rerouting through the empirical price of anarchy, a measure of network efficiency. However, studies using real-world measurements have been limited by methodological accuracy and network size. Also, they have lacked understanding of the spatial distribution of benefits from rerouting and the relationship with marginal external cost road charges that can be used for implementation. In this article, we create an accurate data-driven traffic assignment model of England's Strategic Road Network. We use it to calculate the national price of anarchy, which is found to be almost 1 implying gains from rerouting at the national scale are minimal and smaller than in other studies. The results show the distribution of rerouting benefits varies strongly with different network zones and demand profiles. This did not match the distribution of marginal external cost charges. Some zones have noticeable benefits from rerouting although the overall network benefit is small, however, these zones do not coincide with where the largest road charges have to be applied for system-optimal rerouting. These results have implications for rerouting implementation.

关键词： Strategic Road Network Empirical Price of Anarchy National Traffic Assignment

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Out-of-distribution Object Detection through Bayesian Uncertainty Estimation 26

Out-of-distribution Object Detection through Bayesian Uncert...

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26th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2023

作者： Zhang, Tianhao Wang, Shenglin Bouaynaya, Nidhal Calinescu, Radu Mihaylova, Lyudmila The University of Sheffield Automatic Control and Systems Engineering United Kingdom Rowan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of York Department of Computer Science United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798890344854

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are inevitable and usually lead to uncertainty in the results. In this paper, we propose a novel, intuitive, and scalable probabilistic object detection method for OOD detection. Unlike other uncertainty-modeling methods that either require huge computational costs to infer the weight distributions or rely on model training through synthetic outlier data, our method is able to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) data and OOD data via weight parameter sampling from proposed Gaussian distributions based on pre-trained networks. We demonstrate that our Bayesian object detector can achieve satisfactory OOD identification performance by reducing the FPR95 score by up to 8.19% and increasing the AUROC score by up to 13.94% when trained on BDD100k and VOC datasets as the ID datasets and evaluated on COCO2017 dataset as the OOD dataset. © 2023 International Society of Information Fusion.

关键词： Object detection

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Learning Input Driven Dynamic Bayesian Networks with Measurement Noise

Learning Input Driven Dynamic Bayesian Networks with Measure...

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International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)

作者： David Veres Ping Li Visakan Kadirkamanathan Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9798350374889

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374896

Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) are useful tools for modelling complex systems whose network representations can be elicited a priori or learnt from data. In this paper, a maximum likelihood Doubly-Iterative Expectation Maximization (DI-EM) Algorithm is developed for the identification of grey-box ARMAX state-space model representations of DBNs involving known, noisy measurement processes. The grey-box model incorporates network dependencies among time series variables and exploits time series data of low longitudinal and high cross-sectional dimensions. A network learning procedure is developed using a score-based structure-selection method to find the underlying network of an input-driven dynamical system. By computing a finite data version of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) for small sample sizes, the proposed method's performance is investigated on simulated and real-world data. The algorithm recovers the underlying ground-truth networks of simulated systems under finite data criteria with Jaccard Coefficient values of up to 0.84, and selects structures with improved weighted mean-squared error loss over a baseline black-box model fit on real-world data.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms Computational modeling Time series analysis Noise Machine learning Data models Bayes methods State-space methods Noise measurement Dynamical systems

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A Lightweight Target Following Architecture for Indoor Mobile Robot

A Lightweight Target Following Architecture for Indoor Mobil...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Fuli Wang Windo Hutabarat Ashutosh Tiwari Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9798350340266

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340273

Manufacturing efficiency and transport operations are being significantly improved by mobile robots. As the implementation of a configurable, lightweight, and stateof-the-art robotic system is required for current manufacturing sectors to maximize the use of mobile robots, this paper presents a software architecture comprised of perception and action systems for human following in real time. The perception system uses the YOLOv8 computer vision model to identify and estimate human pose. Additionally, an algorithm is developed using the 3D information from a stereo camera to determine which target and whether to follow. Once the perception system perceives the desired target information, the action system can control and coordinate the robot using the ROS. Experimental results from the physical robot demonstrate the feasibility of the system architecture.

关键词： Computer vision Three-dimensional displays Service robots Software architecture Robot kinematics Computational modeling systems architecture

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A Review of Manufacturing Technologies of Soft Magnetic Composites for Electric Machines 5

A Review of Manufacturing Technologies of Soft Magnetic Comp...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Modern Electrical and Energy System, MEES 2023

作者： Manko, Roman Dmytro, Rieznik Vukotic, Mario Rupnik, Urban Miljavec, Damijan Corovic, Selma University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ljubljana Slovenia Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University Department of Systems of Automatic Control and Electric Drive Kremenchuk Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359787

In this article the review of the existing manufacturing technologies of the soft magnetic materials have been performed. The existing technological protocols for production of the electrically insulated powders and their further treatment towards manufacturing of the soft magnetic materials are provided. The influences of different technological processes on the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the resulting soft magnetic materials have been reviewed and described. Finally, the usage and implementation of the soft magnetic composites in the field of electric motor design have been discussed. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electric motors

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Utilization of Uniform Circular Array for Estimating RF Source Location in Real-time

Utilization of Uniform Circular Array for Estimating RF Sour...

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International Conference on control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)

作者： Hamad Alsayegh Mohammad Almuhaihi Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Department University of Sheffield Aerospace Engineering Department University of Michigan

ISBN: (数字)9798350361025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361032

This Radio Frequency (RF) source location estimation scheme utilizes angles of arrival of a signal source acquired from the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. In reliance on that as a Maximum Likelihood estimation, the obtained angles are augmented to an adaptive probability distribution function (PDF), which is then employed to estimate the location of the RF emitter by feeding the PDF to an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Numerous use cases and theoretical works have been presented in the literature. Some of these papers mention applications regarding implementing DoA algorithms in dynamic platforms like in [9], [10], [11], [12], and [13] mostly all of them use Uniform Linear Array (ULA), four of them working with Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT), and one with MUSIC Direction of Arrival (DoA) method. In [14], MUSIC was used with a Uniform Circular Array (UCA). However, less coupling has been incorporated with the covariance of measurement error. In this paper, the dynamic 2D DoA MUSIC algorithm used in a platform, applied together with an EKF estimation and coupled with measurement covariance in a simulation environment to precisely locate an RF emitter and provide high-resolution Line-of-Sight (LOS).

关键词： Radio frequency Maximum likelihood estimation Direction-of-arrival estimation Heuristic algorithms Current measurement Estimation Position measurement

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Real-time Tiredness Detection System using Nvidia Jetson Nano and OpenCV

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Procedia Computer Science 2024年 242卷 536-543页

作者： Nicolae Florian Dumitru Popescu Andrei Hossu Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University Politehnica Bucuresti Bucharest 060042 Romania Academy of Romanian Scientists Romania

In this paper, we explore how to use a Nvidia Jetson Nano and Python to create a system that detects weariness in a person’s face using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The system captures the person’s face in real time, preprocesses the picture to cut noise, then detects the face using Haar cascades. Next, using computer vision algorithms, characteristics associated with weariness, such as the eyes, are retrieved. These characteristics are then used to build a machine learning model that can predict weariness in the live stream feed. Lastly, using a graphical user interface, the findings are shown, and the system may be fine-tuned to increase accuracy. This device might be used in applications such as driver monitoring and traffic safety.

关键词： Neural Network Machine Learning Computer Vision Driver Monitoring

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MATLAB files to support learning of simple frequency response design

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第26期58卷 1-6页

作者： J.A. Rossiter Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK

This paper presents a small number of MATLAB APPs and livescript files designed to help students both understand and implement frequency response tools into feedback design. The paper presents the thinking behind the ... 详细信息

关键词： control101 toolbox frequency response lead and lag compensation virtual laboratories independent learning

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High-Speed CBJT Operational Amplifier with Dual-Input-Stage Subclass Input Stage 3

High-Speed CBJT Operational Amplifier with Dual-Input-Stage ...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Problems of Informatics, Electronics and Radio engineering, PIERE 2024

作者： Kuznetsov, Dmitry V. Titov, Alexey E. Sergeenko, Marsel A. Prokopenko, Nikolay N. Don State Technical University Dept. of Scientific Research Dept. of Information Systems and Radio Engineering Rostov-on-Don Russia Southern Federal University Dept. of Automatic Control Systems Rostov-on-Don Russia Don State Technical University Dept. of Information Systems and Radio Engineering Rostov-on-Don Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516321

A significant disadvantage of classical operational amplifiers with two complementary differential stages in parallel (on the inputs) is that here the slew rate has small values (50-80 V/μs). This is due to the non-linear mode of operation of the input differential stage. In this paper, a new circuit technique for slew rate enhancement in CBJT operational amplifiers of this subclass is discussed. Due to the use of special circuitry of the input differential stage, the process of recharging of the integrating correction capacitance in non-inverting and inverting operational amplifier inclusions is forced. This ultimately improves the performance of the operational amplifier in the large-signal mode. The purpose and originality of this paper is to investigate a new circuit solution of operational amplifier, in which by introducing differentiating transient correction circuits, slew rate is improved by two orders of magnitude. This does not require nanometer-scale technological processes, and the operational amplifier transistors can operate with emitter currents on the order of 100 μA. It is possible to build micro-power operational amplifier on the basis of the proposed circuit design technique, including CBJT and CCMOS transistors. Computer simulations show that for micron CBJT silicon technological processes, the SR of the proposed operational amplifier in non-inverting inclusion (at 100% feedback) increases from 80 to 10000 V/μs, i.e., more than two orders of magnitude. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Operational amplifiers

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Hydrodynamic and Static Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Offshore Wind-Wave Energy Generation: An Expansion of Semisubmersible Floating Wind Turbine Concept 15th

Hydrodynamic and Static Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Offsh...

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15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, EWTEC 2023

作者： Aboutalebi, Payam Garrido, Aitor J. Garrido, Izaskun Nguyen, Dong Trong Gao, Zhen Department of Marine Technology Trondheim7491 Norway Automatic Control Group–ACG Institute of Research and Development of Processes–IIDP Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country–UPV/EHU Spain School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Marine structures like Floating Wind Turbine (FWT) is exposed to the oncoming waves and wind that can cause oscillatory motions within the system. These undesired oscillations can have negative impacts on the efficiency of the system, reduce its lifespan, hinder energy extraction, increase stress levels, and raise maintenance costs. To mitigate these negative impacts, the integration of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) into the FWT system has been proposed. This hybrid system may be capable of extracting coupled wind-wave energy and transferring electrical power to the shared grid. This paper presents an investigation of the use of Oscillating Water Columns (OWCs), a type of WECs, within a FWT system. The purpose of using an OWC is to increase the hydrodynamic damping and reduce the resonant motions of the floating wind turbines under environmental loads, including both wind and wave loads. This is because the wave energy from OWC would be very small as compared to the wind energy. However, OWCs can provide a damping source for reducing the resonant motions of the floater, especially the pitch resonant motions. This would be very beneficial for the power performance of the floating w ind turbine and the structural design of the floater. T he p urpose of this paper is to redesign the original FWT platform to accommodate the additional OWCs by considering the hydrostatic stability and hydrodynamics since the new elements, the OWCs, can significantly change the response of the platform. The redesign of the original FWT involves the integration of OWCs within two out of three columns of an existing semisubmersible platform for a 12 MW FWT. To do this, two moonpools, which are consistent with OWC air chambers, have been created within two columns of the FWT. The water ballast was designed for the columns with and without OWCs. After that the redesign is done hydrostatic stability and hydrodynamics analyses are evaluated. The hydrodynamics properties are discussed in terms o

关键词： Tidal power

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