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第八届中国多智能体系统与控制会议(MASC'2012)

作者： Yongkui Liu Lin Zhang Xiaojie Chen Long Wang School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University - Beijing 100191China Sc School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University - Beijing 100191China Evolution and Ecology Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)- Schlosspl Center for Systems and Control State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex SystemsCollege of En

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Impact of generalized benefit functions on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games with continuous strategies

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Physical Review E 2012年第6期85卷 066133-066133页

作者： Xiaojie Chen Attila Szolnoki Matjaž Perc Long Wang Evolution and Ecology Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 49 H-1525 Budapest Hungary Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor Koroška cesta 160 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China

Cooperation and defection may be considered to be two extreme responses to a social dilemma. Yet the reality is much less clear-cut. Between the two extremes lies an interval of ambivalent choices, which may be captured theoretically by means of continuous strategies defining the extent of the contributions of each individual player to the common pool. If strategies are chosen from the unit interval, where 0 corresponds to pure defection and 1 corresponds to the maximal contribution, the question is what is the characteristic level of individual investments to the common pool that emerges if the evolution is guided by different benefit functions. Here we consider the steepness and the threshold as two parameters defining an array of generalized benefit functions, and we show that in a structured population there exist intermediate values of both at which the collective contributions are maximal. However, as the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation increases, the characteristic threshold decreases while the corresponding steepness increases. Our observations remain valid if more complex sigmoid functions are used, thus reenforcing the importance of carefully adjusted benefits for high levels of public cooperation.

关键词： GENERALIZATION PUBLIC goods GAME theory CONTINUOUS functions DILEMMA PARAMETER estimation SOCIAL reality STRATEGIC planning

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Visualization of signalized intersections in driving simulator and validity of driving behaviors in virtual environments

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2012年第26期 17-28页

作者： Yan, X. Abdel-Aty, M. Guo, D. Radwan, E. MOE Key Laboratory for Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States Computer Science Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Boulevard South Fort Myers FL 33965-6565 United States Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulation University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States

Visualization of highway traffic environments in virtual reality plays a key role on fidelity of simulation and validity of driving behaviors in driving simulator studies. This paper describes a procedure to replicate a signalized intersection with many complex features into a driving simulator's 3-D databases through building a graphical visual database, constructing a road motion database, and creating simulated traffic. The validity of the visualization was assessed via the comparison of the drivers' speeds in the simulator and the speed data at the real intersection. It was found that both speed data follow normal distributions and have equal means for each intersection approach;however, that the speeds measured in the driving simulator have a larger variability than those measured in the field. The users' subjective evaluation results indicated that 92% subjects could recognize the simulated intersection in the driving simulator experiment. Therefore, the strategy of geo-specific environment modeling would be useful for studying driving behaviors in virtual environments.

关键词： Visualization

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Inertia in strategy switching transforms the strategy evolution

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Physical Review E 2011年第6期84卷 066103-066103页

作者： Yanling Zhang Feng Fu Te Wu Guangming Xie Long Wang Center for Systems and Control State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Program for Evolutionary Dynamics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA

A recent experimental study [Traulsen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 2962 (2010)] shows that human strategy updating involves both direct payoff comparison and the cost of switching strategy, which is equivalent to inertia. However, it remains largely unclear how such a predisposed inertia affects 2×2 games in a well-mixed population of finite size. To address this issue, the “inertia bonus” (strategy switching cost) is added to the learner payoff in the Fermi process. We find how inertia quantitatively shapes the stationary distribution and that stochastic stability under inertia exhibits three regimes, with each covering seven regions in the plane spanned by two inertia parameters. We also obtain the extended “1/3” rule with inertia and the speed criterion with inertia; these two findings hold for a population above two. We illustrate the above results in the framework of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. As inertia varies, two intriguing stationary distributions emerge: the probability of coexistence state is maximized, or those of two full states are simultaneously peaked. Our results may provide useful insights into how the inertia of changing status quo acts on the strategy evolution and, in particular, the evolution of cooperation.

关键词： INERTIA (Mechanics) PRISONER'S dilemma game PROBABILITY theory STOCHASTIC analysis PHYSICS research QUANTITATIVE research

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Visualization of signalized intersections in driving simulator and validity of driving behaviors in virtual environments

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2011年第26期 17-28页

关键词： Visualization

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Low-dimensional models from upper bound theory

Low-dimensional models from upper bound theory

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作者： Chini, Gregory P. Dianati, Navid Zhang, Zhexuan Doering, Charles R. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States Center for Fluid Physics University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040 United States Department of Mathematics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1043 United States Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1107 United States

A novel model reduction strategy for forced dissipative infinite-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems is described. Unlike popular but empirical methods, this new approach does not require extensive data sets from experiments or direct numerical simulations of the governing field equations. Instead, truly predictive reduced dynamical models are constructed using Galerkin projection onto a priori eigenfunctions drawn from energy stability and upper bound theory. Within the context of porous medium convection, we show that these eigenfunctions contain information about boundary layers and other complex dynamic features and, thus, are well suited for the low-order description of highly nonlinear phenomena. Crucially, our analysis reveals the existence of a gap in the eigenvalue spectrumeven for strongly supercritical forcing conditionsenabling the identification of a rational truncation scheme. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via comparison with FourierGalerkin approximations of various orders. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chaos theory

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Interlaminar Granger causality and alpha oscillations in a model of macaque cortex

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BMC Neuroscience 2011年第1期12卷 1-2页

作者： Cliff C Kerr William W Lytton Jue Mo Mingzhou Ding Samuel Neymotin Department of Physiology and Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY 11203 USA Complex Systems Group School of Physics University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia SUNY Downstate/NYU-Poly Joint Biomedical Engineering Program Brooklyn NY 11023 USA Kings County Hospital Brooklyn NY 11203 USA Department of Neurology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY 11203 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

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Effects of heterogeneous wealth distribution on public cooperation with collective risk

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Physical Review E 2010年第1期82卷 016102-016102页

作者： Jing Wang Feng Fu Long Wang Center for Systems and Control State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Program for Evolutionary Dynamics Harvard University One Brattle Square Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA

The distribution of wealth among individuals in real society can be well described by the Pareto principle or “80-20 rule.” How does such heterogeneity in initial wealth distribution affect the emergence of public cooperation, when individuals, the rich and the poor, engage in a collective-risk enterprise, not to gain a profit but to avoid a potential loss? Here we address this issue by studying a simple but effective model based on threshold public goods games. We analyze the evolutionary dynamics for two distinct scenarios, respectively: one with fair sharers versus defectors and the other with altruists versus defectors. For both scenarios, particularly, we in detail study the dynamics of the population with dichotomic initial wealth—the rich versus the poor. Moreover, we demonstrate the possible steady compositions of the population and provide the conditions for stability of these steady states. We prove that in a population with heterogeneous wealth distribution, richer individuals are more likely to cooperate than poorer ones. Participants with lower initial wealth may choose to cooperate only if all players richer than them are cooperators. The emergence of pubic cooperation largely relies on rich individuals. Furthermore, whenever the wealth gap between the rich and the poor is sufficiently large, cooperation of a few rich individuals can substantially elevate the overall level of social cooperation, which is in line with the well-known Pareto principle. Our work may offer an insight into the emergence of cooperative behavior in real social situations where heterogeneous distribution of wealth among individual is omnipresent.

关键词： Pareto principle

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Individual-based simulation of sexual selection: A quantitative genetic approach

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Procedia Computer Science 2010年第1期1卷 2003-2011页

作者： D. van Dijk P.M.A. Sloot J.C. Tay M.C. Schut Computational Science University of Amsterdam Sciencepark 107 1098 XG Amsterdam The Netherlands Evolutionary and Complex Systems Program School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Artificial Intelligence Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands

Sexual selection has been mathematically modeled using quantitative genetics as well as population genetics. Two-locus simulation models have been used to study the evolution of male display and female preference. We present an individual-based simulation model of sexual selection in a quantitative genetic context. We show that under certain conditions Fisherian self-reinforcing sexual selection takes effect, predicted by Lande’s analytic model of female choice. We also show that the dynamics involved in the co-evolution of male display and female preference is much more complex than mathematics would predict. We therefore argue that the study of sexual selection through individual-based simulation could give new and more realistic insight into a world dominated by overly simplified equations.

关键词： Sexual selection Individual-based modeling Agent-based modeling

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On Evaluation of Robust Autonomy for Uninhabited Vehicles and systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2010年第16期43卷 348-353页

作者： Tristan Perez Alejandro Donaire Brendan P. Willams School of Engineering Discipline of Mechanics and Mechatronics The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AUSTRALIA Centre for Complex Dynamic Systems and Control (CDSC) The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AUSTRALIA Advanced UAS Applications Program Boeing Research & Technology Australia GPO Box 767 Brisbane QLD 4001 AUSTRALIA

This paper discusses a method to quantify robust autonomy of Uninhabited Vehicles and systems (UVS) in aerospace, marine, or land applications. Based on mission-vehicle specific performance criteria, we define an system utility function that can be evaluated using simulation scenarios for an envelope of environmental conditions. The results of these evaluations are used to compute a figure of merit or measure for operational effectiveness (MOE). The procedure is then augmented to consider faults and the performance of mechanisms to handle these faulty operational modes. This leads to a measure of robust autonomy (MRA). The objective of the proposed figures of merit is to assist in decision making about vehicle performance and reliability at both vehicle development stage (using simulation models) and at certification stage (using hardware-in-the-loop testing). Performance indices based on dynamic and geometric tasks associated with vehicle manoeuvring problems are proposed, and an example of a two-dimensional fly scenario is provided to illustrate the use of the proposed figures of merit.

关键词： uninhabited vehicles performance evaluation manoeuvring problem

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