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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military engineering

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Erratum: ‘‘Poiseuille flow of a rarefied gas in a cylindrical tube: Solution of linearized Boltzmann equation’’ [Phys. Fluids A 2, 2061 (1990)]

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Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 1991年第11期3卷 2825-2825页

作者： S. K. Loyalka S. A. Hamoodi Nuclear Engineering Program and Particulate Systems Research Center University of Missouri−Columbia Columbia Missouri 65211

S. K. Loyalka, S. A. Hamoodi; Erratum: ‘‘Poiseuille flow of a rarefied gas in a cylindrical tube: Solution of linearized Boltzmann equation’’ [Phys. Fluids A 2,

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A METHOD FOR ASSESSING RESIDUAL NAPL BASED ON ORGANIC-CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL SAMPLES

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第2期11卷 128-136页

作者： FEENSTRA, S MACKAY, DM CHERRY, JA Stan Feenstra is a hydrogeochemist and president of Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in Mississauga Ontario He received a B.Sc. in earth sciences and an M.Sc. in hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo in 1978 and 1980 respectively and was designated a Certified Ground Water Professional by AGWSE in 1989. Since 1980 he has been a ground water consultant with Golder Associates in Mississauga Ontario and Zenon Environmental in Burlington Ontario and founded Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in 1987. Feenstra specializes in the hydrogeochemical evaluation of ground water contamination at waste disposal facilities and chemical spill sites. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in hydrogeology and research associate in the Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) and is involved in research related to the behavior of dense organic solvents in ground water. Douglas M. Mackay is an adjunct professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L3G1). Dr. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively. From 1986 to 1990 he was a faculty member of the Environmental Science and Engineering Program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water various scale studies of decontamination of soil and ground water and ground water monitoring technologies. John A. Cherry is a professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L 3G1). He received his B.S. in geological engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in 1962. He received his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Geology at the University of Illinois in 1966. His research interests include the field study and modeling of contaminants in ground wat

Ground water contamination by non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals is a serious concern at many industrial facilities and waste disposal sites. NAPL in the form of immobile residual contamination, or pools of mobile or potentially mobile NAPL, can represent continuing sources of ground water contamination. In order to develop rational and cost-effective plans for remediation of soil and ground water contamination at such sites, it is essential to determine if non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals are present in the subsurface and delineate the zones of NAPL contamination. The presence of NAPL pools may be evident as a floating or sinking phase in monitoring wells. The residual NAPL contamination may be identified in soil samples if residual contents are high and contaminated zones in the soil cores are thick. However, visual identification may not be effective if residual contents ar elow or if the NAPL residual is distributed heterogeneously in the samples. The chemical analysis of soil samples provides a measure of the total chemical concentration in the soil but cannot determine directly whether NAPL is present in the samples. Qualitatively, soil analyses that exhibit chemical concentrations in the percent range or > 10,000 mg/kg would generally be considered to indicate the presence of NAPL. However, the results of soil analyses are seldom used in a quantitative manner to assess the possible presence of residual NAPL contamination when chemical concentrations are lower and the presence of NAPL is not obvious. The assessment of the presence of NAPL in soil samples is possible using the results of chemical and physical analyses of the soil, and the fundamental principles of chemical partitioning in unsaturated or saturated soil. The method requires information on the soil of the type typically considered in ground water contamination studies and provides a simple tool for the investigators of chemical spill and waste disposal sites to assess whether soil

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Navy's chlorofluorocarbon/Halon program

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Naval Engineers Journal 1991年第3期103卷 107-117页

作者： Krinsky, Joel L. Noel, William Joel L. Krinskyholds a B.S. degree from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (1960) and an M.B.A. from the American University (1966). He is currently the director of The HVAC Submarine Life Support Division within NavSea. He formerly served as the deputy director of the Auxiliaries Division and head of the Air Compressor/Forced Draft Blowers and Valves and Piping Branches within the Auxiliaries Division. He has thirty years experience in the marine engineering and computer fields. He sailed for two years in the merchant marine and then began his career in the Bureau of Ships in 1962 as a project engineer in the Boiler and Heat Exchanger Branch. Mr. Krinsky then served as the systems acquisition manager for navigation systems on attack submarines and aircraft carriers. Mr. Krinsky entered private industry with IBM in 1967 spent eight years in the computer industry serving in various capacities and returned to NavSea in 1975. He served in the U.S. Navy Reserve from 1961 to 1967 and is a member of ASE ASNE and ASTM. Mr. Krinsky currently chairs the ASTM subcommittee for shipboard HVAC (F25.11.07) and is writing the heating ventilation air conditioning and refrigeration chapter of the revised SNAME text on Marine Engineering. William Noelgraduated from Drexel University in 1984 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He worked at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia in the Air Compressor Branch where he directed improvements to compressed air ship silencing systems. In 1985 he was hired at the Naval Sea Systems Command and spent two years working in the Auxiliary Machinery Division where he was life cycle manager for various air compressors and compressed air system components. In 1989 he earned an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland specializing in multi-phase fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Since 1987 Mr. Noel has been the project engineer charged with developing replacement refrigerants and fire fighting agents in executing the Navy CFC/

The Naval Sea systems Command is executing a three-phase program to ensure compliance with national regulations, DoD policy, and Navy instructions mandating the phase-out of CFC and Halon use by the Navy. The Navy uses significant quantities of CFCs and Halon as solvents, refrigerants, and fire-fighting agents both in military operations and through specifications and contracts for weapons and support equipment. Phase one of the program plan will be to conserve chemicals through reclaiming and recycling, and by establishing and maintaining a chemical inventory of CFCs and Halons. Phase two will research, develop, and test substitute chemicals and alternative technologies for existing CFC uses. This research will be pursued through Navy and government laboratories, cooperation with chemical and equipment manufacturers, and by participation in government/industry consortiums. Finally, phase three will deploy the replacement chemicals and new technologies into the fleet, and institutionalize the conservation measures developed in phase one. This paper discusses in detail the three phases of the Navy program, and relates the Navy effort to DoD policy, the Montreal Protocol, and Congressional legislation. Unique Navy concerns, research initiatives, and vintaging scenarios for existing equipment are presented.

关键词： Freons

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MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, DW SADOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANDENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. During the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND-WATER EXTRACTION systems

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第1期11卷 119-124页

作者： HALEY, JL HANSON, B ENFIELD, C GLASS, J Jennifer Haley is a chemical engineer working in the Remedial Operations and Guidance Branch of the Hazardous Site Control Division/Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (U.S. EPA OS-220 401 M St. SW Washington D.C. 20460). One of her responsibilities during her three years at EPA has been completion of the EPA Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites. Prior to taking her current position at the EPA in May 1987 she worked for two years for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board overseeing ground water contamination investigations and cleanups in the South San Francisco Bay. She received a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California in Berkeley and an M.S. in environmental management from the University of San Francisco. Bill Hanson is an engineer with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (OS-220 401 M St. SW Washington D.C. 20460). He received both his B.S. in engineering and M.A. in environmental engineering from Duke University. Before joining the Environmental Protection Agency Hanson worked for several consulting engineering firms including CH2M Hill in Res ton Virginia. At EPA he first worked in the Effluent Guidelines Program where he was responsible for developing pretreatment and direct discharge regulations for the electroplating industry. Hanson has been with the Superfund program since its start. He is currently chief of the Remedial Operations and Guidance Branch. His branch is responsible for developing guidance for consistency of approach with respect to selection of remedy land ban treatment requirements and treatability protocols. Carl G. Enfield is a soil scientist at the Robert S. Ken Environmental Research Laboratory (U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK 74820). He earned his B.S.C.E. in civil engineering and M.S. in agronomy at Purdue University and his Ph.D. in agricultural chemistry and soils at the University of Arizona. He currently serves as research director at EP

The most common process for remediating contaminated ground water is extraction and treatment. Data from 19 on-going and completed ground water extraction systems were collected and analyzed (U.S. EPA 1989b) to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in achieving cleanup concentration goals for ground water. This analysis indicated several trends including (1) containment of ground water plumes was usually achieved;(2) contaminant concentrations dropped significantly initially followed by a leveling out;(3) after the period of initial rapid decline, the continued decreases in concentration were usually slower than anticipated;and (4) certain data important to optimizing system design and operation had often not been collected during the site characterization phase. Factors limiting the achievement of cleanup concentration goals fell into four basic categories: (1) hydrogeological factors, such as subsurface heterogeneity, low-permeability units, and presence of fractures;(2) contaminant-related factors, such as high sorption to soil and presence of non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phase or partitioning of contaminants from the residual non-aqueous phase);(3) continued migration from source areas and the size of the plume itself;and (4) system design factors, such as pumping rates, screened intervals, and extraction well locations. The findings of this study indicate that ground water extraction is an effective method for preventing additional migration of contaminant plumes and achieving risk reduction. However, the findings indicate that in many situations, it may not be practicable to rely solely on ground water extraction and treatment to achieve health-based cleanup concentrations throughout the contaminated zone and fulfill the primary goal of returning ground water to beneficial use. This study suggests several recommendations (U.S. EPA 1989a) for improving ground water response acti

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A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF HY AND HSLA STEEL PERFORMANCE IN A BULKHEAD TEST PANEL GEOMETRY - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 131-133页

作者： DEGIORGI, V MATIC, P Virginia Gensheimer DeGiorgiis a member of the Mechanics of Materials Branch at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington D.C. She received a B.S. and MEng in civil engineering from the University of Louisville. She received her Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Southern Methodist University. Prior to joining NRL she was associated with the Nuclear Components Division and Breeder Reactor Component Project of Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Tampa and Pensacola Florida. Her research interests include nonlinear computational modeling large strain response and fracture of materials material-structural response to combined loading environmental effects and structural integrity evaluation. Peter Maticis a member of the Mechanics of Materials Branch at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington D.C. He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Lehigh University. Prior to joining NRL he was associated with the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton Conn. His research interests include material constitutive behavior its measurement using computational techniques in conjunction with experimental data the mechanics of fracture structural integrity and the use of complex systems theory to analyze and model material deformation. In 1989 he received an NRL Alan Berman Publication Award and the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award.

As nonlinear computational methods become integrated into the structural design and analysis process, the effects of large deformation material response on large deflection structural response can, in principle, be predicted. The accuracy of structural predictions ultimately depends on an accurate assessment of the material responses which are encountered in the structure. This is particularly true if information on locally severe plastic deformation or fracture initiation and flaw tolerance is desired. Previously determined parameters for the elastic-plastic response of HY-80, HY-100, HSLA-80 and HSLA-100 steels, accurate through large strains terminating at the point of fracture, were applied in finite element simulations to predict the performance of a bulkhead test panel geometry. Significant differences in panel performance under hydrostatic loading conditions were predicted for the materials considered. The plastic deflections were found to be strongly influenced by the relative local or diffuse nature of intense plastic deformation across the panel. These results suggest that the comparative nonlinearity of these materials was as important as the strength and ductility in affecting performance. Further analyses, aimed at assessing flaw tolerance, were considered by conducting small scale analyses of local details where severe deformation conditions were predicted by the larger scale panel model.

关键词： Steel

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STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS METHODS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT METALLIC CORRUGATED CORE SANDWICH PANELS SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 134-136页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ LIEM, F WOODS, GD FURIO, A WHIDDON, WD SMITH, MA PACKARD, WT Christopher J. Wiernickiis the director of the Structures and Materials Division of Designers and Planners Inc. He has over 10 years of experience in marine structural design and advanced material product development. He received a B.S. degree in civil engineering from Vanderbilt University and M.S. degrees from both George Washington University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a registered professional engineer and is a member of ASNE SNAME and SAMPE. Franz Liemis a senior structural engineer of ASTECH. He has over 18 years of experience in structural engineering. He received M.S. degrees in civil/structural engineering from Carollo Wilhelmina University in West Germany. He is a registered professional engineer. Gregory D. Woodsis the Naval Sea Systems Command's lightweight metallic structures program manager. Until recently a naval architect in the Structural Integrity Application Division he currently works in the Amphibious Auxiliary and Support Ship Branch. He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tennessee State University with additional graduate level course work at the NavSea Institute. Anthony J. Furiois the program manager for lightweight metallic structures in the Ship Structure Division of the David Taylor Research Center. He has over 19 years of experience in ship structure research and light weight metallic development for U.S. Navy fleet applications. He received a B.S. in civil engineering from Long Island University and a M.S. in ocean engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology.

Since the early 1980s, the U.S. Navy, in conjunction with industry, has continued to develop and test innovative lightweight structural concepts with the purpose of seeking alternative replacements for conventional plate beam metallic structures. One commercially available concept currently under investigation is lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels. This paper presents both elastic and plastic design methods for lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading. The equations presented in this paper, while not a complete solution to the complicated dynamic, elastic plastic phenomena of blast wave-rigid body interaction, are offered as a set of relatively simple analytical expressions that can be used in preliminary design. Because of the closed form nature of the equations the designer has the capability to quickly identify the most important parameters effecting the response of lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels to air blast loads.

关键词： Shipbuilding Materials

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HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UNITED-STATES NAVY SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 74-90页

作者： MCCALLUM, D ENGLE, AH PLATZER, GP KARAFIATH, G Donald McCallumis a supervisory naval architect in the Auxiliary Amphibious and Mine Warfare Ship Hydrodynamics Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He has worked in ship design in his native Scotland before coming to the United States via Canada. Mr. McCallum has a M.Sc. degree from the University of Michigan and a B.Sc. from Strathclyde University (Glasgow). He is a member of SNAME ASNE and ASE. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1977 and his M.S. degree in ocean engineering from the University of Hawaii in 1979. Since 1980 he has worked for NavSea where he has been assigned to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard SupShip Seattle and the U.S. Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory. Selected as NavSea's Engineer of the Year for 1989 Mr. Engle is currently the program director for the Navy's Hydrodynamic Loads Technology Development Program. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Engle was technical director of the Navy's Ship Efficiency Improvement Program and task leader for hydrodynamic design for the LHD-5 AO-177 (Jumbo) AE-36 LSD-41 and FFX ship designs. Mr. Engle is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Gregory Platzeris currently employed with Arneson Marine Inc. As manager of applications engineering Mr. Platzer is responsible for the development of propulsion specifications for articulated surface drive units matched to high-speed partially submerged propellers. Prior to November 1990 Mr. Platzer was the head of the Surface Ship Propeller Branch at the Naval Sea Systems Command. He had worked for the Navy in the field of propulsor analysis since 1977 initially at the David Taylor Research Center. Mr. Platzer graduated in 1977 from the University of Michigan with a B.S. degree in naval architecture. Gabor Karafiathis a member of the Ship Hydromechanics Department at the David Taylor Research Center.

This paper reports on an investigation of the applicability of recent hull efficiency improvement concepts to U.S. Navy ships. Among the concepts investigated were stern flaps, Grim Wheels, alternate aftbody configurations, bulbous bows, and flow modifying ducts. Extensive model testing was conducted at the David Taylor research Center (DTRC) for each concept, and care was taken to check out critical propeller cavitation and noise aspects associated with the investigation of alternate stern configurations and Grim Wheel concepts. A guiding principle in this program was to utilize the expertise available both here and abroad so that each design concept would have the greatest chance of success. As a result of these investigations, significant gains in fuel economy were obtained. Specifically, full scale trials of FFG-25 (USS Copeland), equipped with and without a stern flap, demonstrated that fuel savings of 5-9% are achieved at speeds above 12 knots. In addition, fuel savings of 9.4% for T-AGS 39 equipped with a Grim Wheel and 5.6% for the combination of a large bulbous bow and a large diameter/low RPM propeller on AE-36 have been predicted. The paper concludes with a direction for future applications to U.S. Navy, and other ships.

关键词： Warships

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POLAR CLASS ICEBREAKER OCEANOGRAPHIC MISSION UPGRADE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 218-230页

作者： TILYOU, M THAYER, N ZIMMERMANN, RP Mark Tilyouis a mechanical engineer in the U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters Naval Engineering Division Technical Branch Machinery Section. His responsibilities include specifications development and coordination of deck machinery and hydraulic and science support systems for new construction and major renovations of Coast Guard cutters. Mr. Tilyou has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and has been in the Machinery Section for 16 years. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Neal Thayeris chief of the Science Branch within the Ice Operations Division at U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters. He is responsible for providing coordination between the Coast Guard Icebreaker Program and the polar research community. Previous experience includes seven years as a Coast Guard officer including a tour as a deck watch officer on boardWestwinda Coast Guard icebreaker decommissioned in 1986. Mr. Thayer has a bachelor of science degree in oceanography from Humboldt State University (California). Richard Zimmermannis a senior naval architect with Designers & Planners Inc. His 16-year design agent experience has encompassed most of the naval architectural and marine engineering disciplines and he has managed several large total ship design projects at D&P. His 10-year active duty naval service included tours aboard destroyers and naval shipyard duty. Mr. Zimmermann has a bachelor of science degree in engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an ocean engineer degree from MIT.

In supporting U.S. polar programs, U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers have two missions: logistics support (break-in and ship escort), and research support (providing research platforms for the U.S. polar research community). The retirement in recent years of CGC Glacier and the last two Wind class icebreakers has left the Coast Guard with just two Polar class icebreakers to conduct missions in the Arctic and Antarctic. It has become clear in recent years that the research community needed enhanced scientific facilities available on board the two remaining Coast Guard icebreakers. Historically, the Coast Guard has provided scientific support to embarked scientific parties on board its icebreakers, carrying researchers in a wide variety of fields into the ice of both polar regions. After conducting a survey of the polar research community and holding a series of meetings with users of the vessels to ascertain the needs of the user community, the Coast Guard has undertaken an effort to upgrade the research support capability of the two existing Polar class vessels. Improved research support capabilities were designed with ongoing consultation with the polar research community. The upgrade of facilities on the two vessels was divided into two phases: Phase I, an upgrade of geological facilities and Phase II, an upgrade of the general oceanographic facilities. This paper focuses on the design work for the Phase II upgrades on CGC Polar Sea, consisting of construction of oceanographic and geological lab spaces, construction of a new oceanographic winch room, the addition of over-the-side weight handling equipment, the addition of topside support services for scientific vans, and the acquisition of new science winches.

关键词： Ships

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