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A deep learning framework for automatic assessment of presence in virtual reality using multimodal behavioral cues

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6283-6303页

作者： Pannattee, Peerawat Shimada, Shogo Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo191-0065 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki3058573 Japan

Effective development of virtual reality (VR) applications is heavily reliant on the evaluation of user experience (UX). However, traditional methods such as questionnaires have inherent limitations which hinder their ability to capture nuanced behavioral responses and impede the agility of VR content creation: They are time-consuming, burdensome for users, and require significant human effort for interpretation. This study introduces an automated framework aimed at addressing the limitations of questionnaire-based evaluations to assess UX in VR. Our primary focus is to validate the concept of this framework through assessment of the sense of presence (SOP), a crucial psychological perception with significant impact on VR UX. Our proposed framework utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze patterns in multimodal behavioral cues, including facial expressions, head movements, and hand movements, to predict scores from the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Additionally, we introduce two statistical profiles: the Visual Entropy Profile (VEP), which offers insights into visual complexity by depicting scene entropy, and the Experiential Presence Profile (EPP), which is designed to capture users’ historical SOP levels to enable personalized baseline and sensitivity estimation. The proposed framework achieves a significant correlation between actual and predicted IPQ scores, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.7303, showcasing the potential of DNNs in analyzing complex behavioral signals and automating SOP assessment. This study represents a pioneering effort in leveraging DNNs for the automatic assessment of SOP and paves the way for future advances in automatically assessing VR UX and unlocking new opportunities in the field. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Virtual environments

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Experimental evaluation of MIMO configurations in indoor visible light communications under the consideration of illumination

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第4期4卷 789-803页

作者： Esteban Farfán-Guillén, David Camporez, Higor Silva, Jair Adriano Lima Castellano Rodriguez, Juan Camilo Pohl, Alexandre De Almeida Prado CPGEI–Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology Paraná Curitiba80230–901 Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória29075-960 Brazil

Visible light communications (VLC) enable wireless data transmission using existing light-emitting diode (LED) illumination. This experimental study evaluates the performance of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) configurations in indoor VLC systems by analyzing their impact on both communication and illumination. Various MIMO setups (2 × 2, 3 × 2, and 4 × 2) are compared against single input single output (SISO), and single input multiple outputs (SIMO) schemes, using commercial LED luminaires as transmitters. While the 4 × 2 MIMO configuration demonstrates superior overall performance, intermediate configurations like 3 × 2 or 2 × 2 MIMO offer an attractive trade-off between system complexity and performance enhancement, particularly in scenarios with space or cost constraints. The results show that MIMO configurations significantly outperform SISO systems, achieving reliable communication (BER ≤ 10−3) at practical indoor distances of up to 2 meters while maintaining illumination levels above 300 lux, where conventional SISO setups do not meet these dual requirements. These findings demonstrate the practical feasibility of MIMO-VLC systems for indoor deployments. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Frequency division multiplexing Modulation techniques Multiple input multiple output Quadrature amplitude modulation Signal processing Visible light communications

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FPGA implementation of low cost and low power chaotic encryption scheme based on a discrete-space chaotic map

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-22页

作者： Moreira Bezerra, João Inácio Machado, Gustavo Iankowski Soares, Rafael Valduga de Almeida Camargo, Vinícius Molter, Alexandre Post Graduate Program in Computer Science Universidade Federal de Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas96010610 Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Engineering Universidade Federal de Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas96010610 Brazil Post Graduate Program in Mathematical Modeling Universidade Federal de Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Capão do Leão96160000 Brazil

The exponential growth of the number of devices connected to the Internet and the use of IoT applications increases the amount of data exchange over public channels in low-cost and low-power embedded systems. Images are the most widely shared files, and standard symmetric algorithms such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are optimized for text but not image encryption. Consequently, new approaches like chaotic encryption have attracted researchers’ interest. Chaotic encryption schemes have been analyzed mostly from a software standpoint, but recent advancements in the field, through the use of discrete chaotic maps, enabled the development of simpler hardware implementations of ciphers with promising reductions in power and cost and increased performance. This work presents the Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of a simultaneous permutation-diffusion chaotic encryption scheme utilizing a discrete-space chaotic map. The FPGA implementation of the cipher is analyzed considering area, maximum frequency, and power consumption, and comparisons are made with the AES. The proposed algorithm has a satisfactory trade-off between area, power and performance, obtaining a peak throughput 59% higher than state-of-the-art symmetric ciphers in the literature. Thus, the proposed cipher shows that chaotic ciphers are viable for both high-performance and low-power embedded devices. Tests verified the security of the proposed cipher against statistical, differential, brute-force, and chosen plain-text attacks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Cryptography

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TaxDiff: taxonomic-guided diffusion model for protein sequence generation

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 385-386页

作者： Zongying LIN Hao LI Liuzhenghao LV Yu WANG Bin LIN Junwu ZHANG Zijun CHEN Calvin Yu-Chian CHEN Li YUAN Yonghong TIAN School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University AI for Science (AI4S)-Preferred Program Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University

Protein design aims to generate protein variants with targeted biological functions, which is significant in multiple biological areas, including enzyme reaction catalysis, vaccine design, and fluorescence intensity. Protein design contains two paradigms: sequence generation and structure generation. Recently, EvoDiff [1] proposed a universal designing paradigm, combining structure and sequence generation using the diffusion framework, which improves the protein design efficiency.

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Innovative Approaches to Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments Using an Advanced Willow Catkin Optimization Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2495-2520页

作者： Jeng-Shyang Pan Na Yu Shu-Chuan Chu An-Ning Zhang Bin Yan Junzo Watada College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349Taiwan College of Electronics Communication and PhysicsShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Graduate School of Information Production and SystemsWaseda UniversityKitakyushu808-0135Japan

The widespread adoption of cloud computing has underscored the critical importance of efficient resource allocation and management, particularly in task scheduling, which involves assigning tasks to computing resources for optimized resource utilization. Several meta-heuristic algorithms have shown effectiveness in task scheduling, among which the relatively recent Willow Catkin Optimization (WCO) algorithm has demonstrated potential, albeit with apparent needs for enhanced global search capability and convergence speed. To address these limitations of WCO in cloud computing task scheduling, this paper introduces an improved version termed the Advanced Willow Catkin Optimization (AWCO) algorithm. AWCO enhances the algorithm’s performance by augmenting its global search capability through a quasi-opposition-based learning strategy and accelerating its convergence speed via sinusoidal mapping. A comprehensive evaluation utilizing the CEC2014 benchmark suite, comprising 30 test functions, demonstrates that AWCO achieves superior optimization outcomes, surpassing conventional WCO and a range of established meta-heuristics. The proposed algorithm also considers trade-offs among the cost, makespan, and load balancing objectives. Experimental results of AWCO are compared with those obtained using the other meta-heuristics, illustrating that the proposed algorithm provides superior performance in task scheduling. The method offers a robust foundation for enhancing the utilization of cloud computing resources in the domain of task scheduling within a cloud computing environment.

关键词： Willow catkin optimization algorithm cloud computing task scheduling opposition-based learning strategy

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An Extended Euclidean Algorithm Implementation over Ciphertext Space 2nd

An Extended Euclidean Algorithm Implementation over Ciphert...

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2nd International Conference on Security and Information Technologies with AI, Internet Computing and Big-data Applications, SITAIBA 2023

作者： Chi, Po-Wen Lin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ming-Hung Chuang, Yun-Hsin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Taiwan Chiayi Taiwan Engineering Management Graduate Program College of Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777853

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a useful cryptographic primitive. It makes a third-party manipulate data in the ciphertext space and therefore is a key technology for privacy-preserving outsourcing services. Theoretically, FHE can evaluate any circuits. However, the implementation is not trivial. The reason it lacks lots of basic operations like conditional check and branch control. In this paper, we focus on extended Euclidean algorithm operation over FHE. We introduce the problems we encounter and show how we solve these issues. We implement our design and evaluate its performance on a real computer. Finally, we propose some research directions for our future work. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Ciphertext

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Effect of Sn addition on electrochemical activity of ribbons of Mg-Al-Ca anode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries fabricated by rapid solidification

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2025年第1期75卷 9-13页

作者： Fukuta, Yoshitaka Kikura, Kensei Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawagun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

Magnesium-based batteries are potential candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to the divalent nature of magnesium cations and the natural abundance of magnesium resources. In this study, the electrochemical activity of Mg-6mass%Al-3mass%Ca anodes combined with Sn was investigated. Thin ribbons of the anode specimens were prepared by a single-roll rapid solidification method. The results showed that the electrochemical activity increased upon adding 1 mass% Sn, while it decreased for 3 mass% Sn. Based on the results of an X-ray diffraction analysis, the addition of Sn led to the formation of Mg2Sn and Ca2Sn phases, which increased the lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that these secondary phases were homogeneously distributed for 1 mass% Sn addition, while they were coarsely distributed for 3 mass% Sn. © 2025 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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Protecting Your Attention during Distributed Graph Learning: Efficient Privacy-Preserving Federated Graph Attention Network

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 1949-1964页

作者： Zhou, Jinhao Wu, Jun Ni, Jianbing Wang, Yuntao Pan, Yanghe Su, Zhou Waseda University Graduate School of Information Production and Systems Fukuoka808-0135 Japan Queen's University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Xi'An Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an710049 China

Federated graph attention networks (FGATs) are gaining prominence for enabling collaborative and privacy-preserving graph model training. The attention mechanisms in FGATs enhance the focus on crucial graph features for improved graph representation learning while maintaining data decentralization. However, these mechanisms inherently process sensitive information, which is vulnerable to privacy threats like graph reconstruction and attribute inference. Additionally, their role in assigning varying and changing importance to nodes challenges traditional privacy methods to balance privacy and utility across varied node sensitivities effectively. Our study fills this gap by proposing an efficient privacy-preserving FGAT (PFGAT). We present an attention-based dynamic differential privacy (DP) approach via an improved multiplication triplet (IMT). Specifically, we first propose an IMT mechanism that leverages a reusable triplet generation method to efficiently and securely compute the attention mechanism. Second, we employ an attention-based privacy budget that dynamically adjusts privacy levels according to node data significance, optimizing the privacy-utility trade-off. Third, the proposed hybrid neighbor aggregation algorithm tailors DP mechanisms according to the unique characteristics of neighbor nodes, thereby mitigating the adverse impact of DP on graph attention network (GAT) utility. Extensive experiments on benchmarking datasets confirm that PFGAT maintains high efficiency and ensures robust privacy protection against potential threats. © IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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The Effect of WebRTC Jitter Buffer on Cloud Streaming Game QoE

The Effect of WebRTC Jitter Buffer on Cloud Streaming Game Q...

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Consumer Technology (ICCT-Pacific), International Conference on

作者： Naoyasu Kaneko Toshiro Nunome Department of Engineering Computer Science Program Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331504120

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504137

This paper considers a cloud streaming game using WebRTC. Since the cloud streaming game consists of a server and a client, the network quality between them affects the game. Among the network quality degradation factors, we focus on delay jitter. We reduce the effect of the jitter by buffering. We conduct a subjective experiment of a single-player action game and evaluate application-level QoS and QoE. We investigate the impact of buffering on the video and audio quality of the user playing the game.

关键词： Degradation Games Quality of service Jitter Streaming media Cloud gaming Delays Quality of experience Servers WebRTC

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