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1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge

作者： L.M. Gardner M. Heydari J. Shah I.H. Sudborough I.G. Tollis C. Xia Comput. Sci. Program Texas Univ. Richardson TX USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Wisconsin Whitewater Whitewater WI USA Alatel Network Systems Inc. Richardson TX USA Computer Science Program Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Texas Dallas Richardson TX USA

Given an arbitrary telecommunications network N our goal is to find the minimum cost for equipment which will enable N to survive an arbitrary link fault. We consider uni-directional and bi-directional ring technologies. Basically, our goal is to find minimum cost ring covers for any network N, where a ring cover is a set C of rings such that every link in N is covered by (i.e. part of) at least one ring in C. If a network N is augmented with enough equipment to support a given ring cover C, it can respond to a link failure immediately (and automatically) by routing the disrupted traffic through surviving links in the ring that covers the failed link. We describe an efficient algorithm to find a minimum cost ring cover for uni-directional transmission rings under simplifying assumptions. This algorithm offers a useful heuristic for computing low cost ring covers for existing networks and actual cost functions. We also provide efficient heuristics to find nearly minimum cost ring covers for bi-directional transmission rings. We show that certain versions of the bi-directional problem are NP-complete, hence (presumably) no efficient algorithm exists that always finds a minimum cost ring cover. However, our heuristics perform well in practice.

关键词： Intelligent networks Bidirectional control computer networks Cost function SONET Telecommunication traffic Routing Cities and towns Airports Optical fiber devices

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Collaborative team organization using communication in a decentralized robotic system

Collaborative team organization using communication in a dec...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： H. Asama K. Ozaki Y. Ishida K. Yokota A. Matsumoto H. Kaetsu I. Endo RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Saitama Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan Computer Center Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Mechanical systems Engineering Utsunomiya University Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University Saitama Japan

As a flexible and robust intelligent robot system, we have been developing an autonomous and decentralized robot system called ACTRESS, which is composed of multiple robotic agents. In this paper, introducing an idea of cooperative action with group organization and a strategy for cooperative task processing using communication, a method for team organization by efficient negotiation is presented. The efficient negotiation is realized by a newly developed communication functionality called groupcast and a learning mechanism utilizing historical records on past negotiation. The negotiation procedures for team organization are implemented, and as a result of simulation experiments, the efficiency of the learning mechanism is verified.< >

关键词： Collaboration Parallel robots Intelligent robots Robustness Learning systems Postal services Power generation Local area networks Mobile robots

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DDG-51 CLASS computer-AIDED-DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第4期106卷 165-173页

作者： OUILLETTE, JJ THE AUTHOR is the DDG-51 class computer-aided design project manager in the Navy's Aegis program office. Ms. Ouillette is 1986 graduate of the University of Maine with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. Prior to her current position Ms. Ouillette was employed by the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Bath Me. where she was involved with engineering systems management for the DDG-51 class program.

computer-Aided Design and computer-Aided Manufacturing technology is being implemented in the U.S. Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) Class Aegis Destroyer program. Under the Navy's direction, the DDG-51 class construction yards are aggressively pursuing the transition to CAD-based design, construction and life cycle support. Through the CAD initiative, acquisition costs can be reduced without reduction of ships' capability. Building a three dimensional (3D) computer generated model of the ship prior to construction will facilitate the identification and resolution of interference and interface problems that would otherwise remain undetected until actual ship construction. The 3D database contains geometry and design data to support system design and concurrent engineering and is exchanged electronically between the construction yards. Detailed design drawings, fabrication sketches, and numerical control (NC) data are extracted directly from the database to support construction. At the completion of ship construction, as-built models will be provided to the planning yard for life cycle support.

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FIELD TRAPPING OF SUBSURFACE VAPOR-PHASE PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第1期14卷 110-119页

作者： MOYER, EE OSTENDORF, DW KAMPBELL, DH XIE, YF Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Moyer is a registered Professional Engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a registered Professional Engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Don H. Kampbell (Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Ada OK 74820) is a research chemist at the U.S. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in Ada Oklahoma. His research interests include gas chromatog- raphy GC/mass spectrometry industrial waste processes soil bioreactor systems aquifer biorestoration and soil gas measurements. Kampbell is a certified Professional Soil Scientist and a registered Professional Engineer as well as a member of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Chemical Society. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Depart

Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile. The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimethylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage time and was also poorly desorbed. Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatter in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution.

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SHIP SELF-DEFENSE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 208-219页

作者： POLK, J MCCANTS, T GRABAREK, R James Polk:is currently a principal financial and technical advisor for PRC Inc. He is working in support of PEO (TAD) Ship Self-Defense Program in several areas including performance assessment. He retired from the Navy in 1991 after several years at sea and various material command assignment including command of Caron (DD-970) and Aegis technical director. He is an ASNE Member who has an MS in physics from the Naval Postgraduate School. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a BS in civil engineering and earned his commission through the NROTC program there. Thomas H. McCants Jr.:is currently a principal system engineer in the ship defense department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. He is supporting the PEO (TAD) in systems engineering and analysis and is supporting the Office of Naval Research in a 6.2 Ship Self-Defense program. He was previously the lead lab program manager for STANDARD Missile led the Aegis Systems Analysis and T&E organization at NSWC was Phalanx CIWS lead lab program manager and was the air target vulnerability program manager at the Center. In 1977–78 Mr. McCants was the NSAP science advisor to COMOPTEVFOR Norfolk. He graduated from VPI&SU with a BS in aerospace engineering and is pursuing a MS in systems engineering from VPI&SU. Robert Grabarek:is currently an electronics engineer in the requirements and analysis branch of the Ship Self-Defense Program Office. He is a 1981 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served six years on active duty as a surface warfare officer. He has earned his MA in operations research and industrial engineering from VPI&SU.

Robust ship AAW defense capability is a priority requirement that enables Naval Forces to conduct joint expeditionary force operations in littoral environments. As an aid to achieving this capability for all ship classes, the Navy has reorganized its management of ship defense. A major focus of these efforts is the development of a fully automatic, integrated combat system for non-Aegis ships which is based on coordinated detection, control, and hard kill/electronic warfare (HK/EW) engagement functions. A phased approach to attaining this fully integrated capability has been established which includes major element upgrade introduction when technology and budget permit. This paper describes the ship self-defense performance assessment methodology which has been adopted to support the review and decision process for future planning and budgeting. This process is a continuation and refinement of that used to provide data for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Fall 1991 Conventional systems Committee Ship Self-Defense Review. The performance assessment methodology starts with definition of survivability requirements by ship class, combat system configurations, Anti-Ship Missile threat, and operational scenario. Viable self-defense system element options are then identified. The capability of these options are then characterized for input into ship level performance prediction models. Three partitions of performance prediction modeling are made: hard kill elements only, electronic warfare element only, and integrated HK/EW. The most significant accomplishment of this effort, beyond providing data to support programmatic decision, has been the creation of a truly integrated HK/EW surface ship combat system model that interleaves HK and EW timelines and allows parametric variation to evaluate options. Because of classification, only generic examples of numerical result will be presented. However, the procedures for establishing the modelling process, prioritization of

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USING VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 91-106页

作者： JONS, OP RYAN, JC JONES, GW Otto P. Jons:received a Diplom Ing. in shipbuilding from the Technical University of Hanover W. Germany and an MS in naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. He then joined Litton Ship Systems where he was responsible for the preliminary design of the DD-963 hull structure and then for ship system integration as manager LHA ship systems engineering department. From 1972 to 1974 he was the principal research scientist at Hydronautics. In 1974 as technical director he helped establish the Crystal City office of Designers and Planners. Mr. Jons was one of the co-founders of Advanced Marine Enterprises Inc. in 1976 where he serves as corporate vice president engineering. J. Christopher Ryan:earned his bachelors and masters degrees in naval architecture from Webb Institute and MIT respectively. He spent three years at the advanced marine technology division of Litton Industries working on the DD-963 class ship design and related computer aided design projects. He subsequently went to the Navy Department concentrating on early stage design of surface combatants for twelve years including work on the FFG-7 Sea Control Ship CSGN and CVV aircraft carrier projects. He then shifted focus and became the Technical Director for the Computer Supported Design Program in NavSea for five years. Mr. Ryan has served in several supervisory positions within the Ship Design Group in NavSea since that time. He is currently the director of the future ship concepts division. Gary W. Jones:graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1971 with a BS in mechanical engineering and followed up with graduate work at George Washington University and the University of Maryland. Mr. Jones was with the Naval Sea Systems Command from 1971 until 1988 where he was a naval architect in the submarine section of the hull form design division. In 1988 he was detailed to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) where he became the program manager for the advanced submarine technology program's hydrodynamic hydroac

A major contributor to the expense and length of time to design, build, and test new systems has been the need to build and test hardware prototypes to determine their effectiveness in meeting operational requirements. Recent and dramatic advances in computer simulation technologies hold forth the promise of revolutionizing design and acquisition strategies by providing the means to validate end users' requirements prior to hardware construction. By designing and operationally testing virtual prototypes in a virtual environment, these technologies will soon offer naval architects the ability to build and launch ships in computer-based cyberspace in lieu of the shipbuilder's ways. The authors of this paper provide the background for these developments, explore the significance and ramifications of these technologies to the current process of ship and system design, outline challenges lying ahead, and present their vision and recommendations for future development.

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BROAD-BAND ISLAND INTERCONNECTION VIA SATELLITE - PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE RACE-II CATALYST PROJECT

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 223-238页

作者： HADJITHEODOSIOU, MH KOMISARCZUK, P COAKLEY, F EVANS, BG SMYTHE, C Centre for Satellite Engineering Research University of Surrey Guildford GU2 5XH U.K. Obtained an M.A. in Electrical and Information Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1989 and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California Irvine in 1991. He is currently a Research Fellow at the Centre for Satellite Research University of Surrey U.K. His research interests include multiple access protocols for VSAT networks voice/data integration in low-bit-rate networks and the use of satellites for the provision of BISDN services. Obtained a B.Sc. in Pure and Applied Physics with Electronics in 1983 and an M.Sc. in Modern Electronics in 1984 from the University of Nottingham U.K. He was a project engineer on the Corporate Data Network for the Central Electricity Generating Board U.K. and then a senior lecturer in communication systems at the University of Greenwich UK. At present he is working on his Ph.D. at the Centre for Satellite Engineering Research (CSER) University of Surrey on the performance of communication systems. Has been Senior Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Surrey since 1984. She is the author (or joint author) of more than 80 research papers. Currently she teaches courses in Telecommunication Networks and Computer Architecture. Her research interests include on-board processing for satellites protocols and performance issues. Received the BSc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Microwave Systems from the University of Leeds in 1965/1968. He was British Telecom Lecturer-Reader in Telecommunications Systems at the University of Essex from 1969–1983. In 1983 he was appointed to the Alec Harley Reeves Chair of Information Systems Engineering at the University of Surrey and in 1990 became the first Director of the post-graduate centre for Satellite Engineering Research which houses some 100 researchers. In 1992 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineers in the U.K. and is a Fellow of IEE and a member of IEEE

The use of communication satellites as a possible way of offering broadband island interconnectivity appears to be a very attractive option, as it will enable the provision of an all-digital, transparent service to a number of ATM islands spanning a wide area, accommodating efficiently a variety of traffic demands. The CATALYST Project (RACE II/R2074) is an attempt to demonstrate the applicability and compatibility of satellite technology with the terrestrial BISDN. In this paper we present an overview of the project and focus on an initial study of the expected user performance through the CATALYST network. Our analysis is based upon mathematical and simulation models and describes the end-system to end-system transfer delay for given message lengths. The protocol profiles assume a mix of Novell NetWare and Network File System client/server architectures, which are supported by either the IEEE 802.3/Ethernet or fibre distributed data interface LANs, which are themselves linked via LAN/ATM/satellite interface units. Areas of further investigation, and the implication of our analysis on the actual network architecture, are discussed.

关键词： ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) BROAD-BAND ISDN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

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ADVANCED AVIONICS ARCHITECTURE - THE NAVAIR STUDY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第6期106卷 31-40页

作者： KATZ, RS JAHNKE, L JEWETT, CE Cdr. Larry Jahnke USN:is presently Head of the Architecture Branch of the Avionics Engineering division AIR-546 of the Naval Air Systems Command. Among his current responsibilities is to lead implementation activities of the NAVAIR Advanced Avionics Architecture study described in this paper. Cdr. Jahnke graduated from the University of Minnesota with a B.S. degree in aeronautical engineering and was commissioned in 1974. After flight training as a Naval flight officer he was assigned to Naval Air Station Barbers Point Hawaii where he served as Tactical Coordinator for P-3B aircraft. He was assigned to the Communications Directorate of the Joint Staff in 1990 where he participated in support of Desert Shield/Desert Storm and was part of the original cadre of officers responsible for the “C41 for the Warrior” concept. Cdr. Jahnke also has a Master of Science degree from the University of Southern California and is a 1990 graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Cdr. Charles E. Jewett USN:is currently the Common Avionics Requirements Officer for Naval Aircraft Programs. He has served the Navy as an Aeronautical Engineering Duty Officer since 1982 with previous defense acquisition assignments as the Avionics Architecture and Engineering Branch Head Fighter/Attack Avionics systems Engineering Branch Head and A-12 Avionics Officer and A-6F Deputy Program Manager and the A-6 Avionics Officer. Cdr. Jewett entered the Navy as an Aviation Officer Candidate in 1971 receiving his commission and earning his wings as a Naval Flight Officer the same year. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1976 he was assigned to the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate of the Naval Air Test Center where he participated in various electronic warfare electro-optics and software update evaluations for A-6 EA-6B and OV-10 aircraft. In Cdr. Jewett's previous assignment at NAVAIRSYSCOM he led a major Avionics Architecture Study (the subject of this paper) that surveyed cutting-edge avionics technol

To establish a planning basis for future avionics systems, the Naval Air systems Command (NAVAIR) conducted an avionics architecture investigation during 1992-1993, culminating in a final report published in August 1993. In the course of the study, U.S. Industry provided significant information to a NAVAIR avionics database for both technologies and systems integration methods. From the study emerged an implementation strategy to allow NAVAIR to develop effective avionics systems in the future that use commercial products and standards where applicable but also allow the ready use of new and emerging technologies. Recommended strategies concentrate on the development process, especially the use of sound systems engineering techniques and the maximum practical use of commercial standards and products. This paper reviews the methodology employed during the NAVAIR investigation, and presents the key findings and resulting implementation strategies. The paper concludes with a brief summary of current implementation plans at NAVAIR.

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FUEL-CELL POWER-PLANTS FOR SURFACE FLEET APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 59-76页

作者： GOUBAULT, P GREENBERG, M HEIDENREICH, T WOERNER, J Philippe Goubault:graduated in 1983 from the “Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees” in Paris with a major in naval architecture. After one year of military service with the French navy he worked as naval architect and program director for the French navy between 1984 and 1988. He was in charge of the development of AGNES200 Surface Effect Ship design which completed its sea trials in 1992. He also was responsible for the construction of five ships (four hydrographic vessels and one experimental MCM vessel) which entered service between 1988 and 1991. He has been involved in a number of projects and studies for the U.S. Navy U.S. Coast Guard and other foreign and domestic customers. At Band Lavis & Associates Inc. Mr. Goubault has expanded the computer tools used to conduct parametric analysis of advanced hullforms and has developed cost-effectiveness assessment tools and methodologies for both commercial and military ships. Mr. Goubault is a member of ASNE. Marc Greenberg:is employed as a cost analyst at the cost and economic analysis branch systems assessment and engineering division Naval Surface Warfare Center. He provides cost estimates and analyses of Navy ship and submarine technologies and has assisted in the development of parametric cost models since 1991. Employed as an electronics engineer by the U.S. Army Information Systems Command from 1989 to 1991 he provided support in simulation design and construction of high frequency and microwave communication systems. Mr. Greenberg received his BS degree in ceramic science and engineering from the Pennsylvania State University May 1987. He is a member of MORS. Todd Heidenreich:is employed in the design analysis and tools branch systems assessment and engineering division of the Carde-rock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center. He is involved as a project naval architect in the conceptual design of future surface ship designs future technology impact assessments and the assessment of current domestic and foreign surface ship desig

This paper describes the results of a study undertaken to determine the impact of fuel cell technology on the design and effectiveness of future naval surface combatants. The study involved the collection of data to characterize four different fuel cell technologies: proton exchange membrane, molten carbonate, phosphoric acid, and solid oxide fuel cells. This information was used to expand current computer models to develop specific fuel cell plants that met the power requirements for several applications on a nominal 5000 Lton destroyer and a nominal 2000 Lton corvette. Each of the fuel cell technologies was incorporated into several applications aboard the destroyer and the corvette. These applications included combinations of centralized and distributed ship service power, and propulsion power. In addition, the impact of fuel cell technology was determined for a ship service power backfit option aboard a DDG-51 class destroyer. The results of the impact on the ship designs were analyzed and a military effectiveness assessment was conducted to address such issues as the impact of fuel cells on mobility, survivability, affordability, and on the environment. The paper identifies which aspects of the fuel cell technologies have the greatest impact upon the ship designs and their operational costs. Recommendations are given for future technology development efforts required to make fuel cells suitable for Navy service.

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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