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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Yang, Hong Liu, Xinpeng Liu, Weihua Yang, Xianqiang Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Research Center of Intelligent Control and Systems Yongjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University Ningbo China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

To meet the growing demands in the electronics manufacturing industry for smaller, more reliable, and flexible component packages, this research introduces a novel algorithm designed to automatically measure the geometric parameters of lead components. The algorithm can address the challenges associated with measuring these parameters in surface mount technology (SMT), overcoming the inefficiencies and inaccuracies of traditional manual measurement methods. This innovative approach combines an adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm with a multilevel grayscale range, enabling robust binary segmentation that adapts to variations in illumination. Additionally, by employing conditional filtering and state tracking, the algorithm facilitates the extraction of lead groups and individual leads, allowing for precise evaluation of component parameters through sub-pixel interpolated fitting. Extensive testing under various illumination conditions across multiple types of packaged and standard components has confirmed the algorithm's high accuracy and robustness. These results highlight its efficacy as a measurement solution suitable for industrial-grade applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Surface mount technology

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PCB-Net: An Effective Deep Learning-Based Approach to PCBA Detection 50

PCB-Net: An Effective Deep Learning-Based Approach to PCBA D...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Li, Tingxin Liu, Weihua Liu, Xinpeng Yang, Xianqiang Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Research Center of Intelligent Control and Systems Zhejiang University Yongjiang Laboratory Hangzhou China School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

Modern surface mount circuit board assemblies require more advanced defect detection methods. While deep learning algorithms have great potential for PCBA inspection, their detection accuracy in complex background situations is still limited. To overcome this problem, we propose a deep learning-based PCBA detection model (PCB-Net) to achieve accurate classification and localization of components on PCB. Firstly, for similar objects under complex background interference, this paper proposes a backbone network consisting of a generalized efficient aggregation network and a context converter to effectively extract local and global information. This integration aims to enhance the expressiveness of the network. Secondly, a multi-scale attention mechanism is designed to improve the feature extraction ability of the network on the target and suppress the interference of complex backgrounds. Finally, a C2fHB lightweight module was designed to improve the model's extraction of component features using the HorNet structure. Experimental results show that our proposed model is an effective PCBA detection method, as it can accurately detect tiny components in complex backgrounds, efficiently obtain component class and location information, and remain detection efficiency. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Surface mount technology

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Measuring Electrical Characteristics of Communication Satellite Transponders Using Digital Signals 25

Measuring Electrical Characteristics of Communication Satell...

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25th IEEE International Conference of Young Professionals in Electron Devices and Materials, EDM 2024

作者： Tislenko, Vladimir I. Roshchin, Konstantin N. Andronov, Eugene V. Savin, Aleksandr A. Zhuravlev, Sergey S. Geltser, Andrey A. Dept. of Radioelectronics and Communication Systems Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics LLC NPK TESART Tomsk Russia Dept. of Advanced Engineering School Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics LLC NPK TESART Tomsk Russia Dept. of Telecommunications and Basic Radio Engineering Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics LLC NPK TESART Tomsk Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389234

This paper discusses methods for estimating the electrical parameters of payloads (transponders) of communications spacecraft using digital modulation signals. To estimate the parameters, the processing of the quadrature signal at the output of the transponder, obtained during the signal constellation measurements, as well as the determination of the amplitude of the error vector in the testing process, is used. Application of these methods allows to significantly reduce the test duration and improve the test procedure based on the identified factors affecting the amplitude of the error vector. The study of electrical parameters of payload of communication spacecraft is an important aspect of their operation. Repeaters that provide ground-to-spacecraft communications must operate reliable and efficiently. The evaluation of these parameters allows optimizing the testing process and providing more accurate results. Digital modulation signals are widely used in modern communication systems. They allow you to transmit data at high speed and minimize signal distortion. However, for the correct operation of repeaters, it is necessary to accurately estimate their electrical parameters. The application of these methods reduces the duration of tests, which is especially important in the development and testing of a spacecraft. This also reduces the cost of testing and ensures the accuracy of the results. Digital modulation signals are also more reliable than analog modulation signals, making them an ideal choice for space-based communication systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Transponders

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Ensuring Correct Relay Protection Functioning in Transient Modes With Saturation of Current Transformers 7

Ensuring Correct Relay Protection Functioning in Transient M...

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7th International Scientific and Technical Conference Relay Protection and Automation, RPA 2024

作者： Panashchatenko, A.V. Yablokov, A.A. Department of Electric Power Systems Automatic Control Ivanovo State Power Engineering University Ivanovo Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331501105

Electromagnetic current transformers, invented more than 100 years ago, are today the most widespread type of preliminary current converters, used in organizing metrological channels for commercial and technical electricity metering, measuring and relay protection systems. Despite their relatively simple design and modest price, today the question of using unconventional preliminary current converters (Rogowski coils, optical transformers, galvanic-magnetic sensors) is being increasingly raised [1]. This situation is due to the shortcomings of electromagnetic current transformers (CT): large weight and dimensions), explosion and fire hazard, and also saturation of their magnetic conductor in transient modes with the presence of an aperiodic component in short circuiting (SC) current. The phenomenon of saturation leads to significant distortion of the transmitted secondary signal, which in turn may become the cause of overprotection with external SC or delayed protection with internal SC. Russian and international practice in coordinating CT characteristics and relay protection requirements presuppose ensuring correct operation of relay protection systems not only in steady, but also in transient modes with possible saturation of CT magnetic conductors [2]-[5]. At present, testing the correct operation of relay protection and automation devices (RPAD) in transient modes is carried out using the CT saturation time, which under the specific conditions of the location of the CT should be more than the exact current conversion time required for correct operation of the connected RPAD. This time is calculated by special approved methods [2]. Such use of two extreme CT magnetic conductor conditions (saturated/unsaturated), without regard to the current waveform itself may lead to significant inaccuracies in evaluating the correctness of RPAD operation. Fig 1 shows two instances of saturation in one and the same CT in different operating conditions and with the same time be

关键词： Relay protection

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Design and Implementation of Safety Functions for the CNC Milling Machine 15

Design and Implementation of Safety Functions for the CNC Mi...

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15th International Conference Elektro, ELEKTRO 2024

作者： Brtis, Jozef Zdansky, Juraj Pirnik, Rastislav University of Žilina Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Department of Control and Information Systems Žilina Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372359

The paper deals with the design and implementation of safety functions for a CNC milling machine. It is a relatively small CNC milling machine that does not pose a great danger to trained persons. Because it is used in areas where even untrained persons can come into contact with it, it was necessary to implement a safety system that implements safety functions preventing accidents when entering the dangerous zone of the CNC milling machine. The safety system is implemented based on a safety PLC and the sensors are designed using a two-channel architecture to meet the required SIL (safety integrity level). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Security systems

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Multiagent Consensus over Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Signed Digraphs via Eventual Positivity

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2023年第9期68卷 5429-5444页

作者： Fontan, Angela Wang, Lingfei Hong, Yiguang Shi, Guodong Altafini, Claudio Linköping University Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical Engineering LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems StockholmSE-10044 Sweden Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China University of Sydney Australian Center for Field Robotics School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering SydneyNSW2008 Australia

Laplacian dynamics on signed digraphs have a richer behavior than those on nonnegative digraphs. In particular, for the so-called 'repelling' signed Laplacians, the marginal stability property (needed to achieve consensus) is not guaranteed a priori and, even when it holds, it does not automatically lead to consensus, as these signed Laplacians may lose rank even in strongly connected digraphs. Furthermore, in the time-varying case, instability can occur even when switching in a family of systems each of which corresponds to a marginally stable signed Laplacian with the correct corank. In this article, we present novel conditions for achieving consensus on signed digraphs based on the property of eventual positivity, a Perron-Frobenius (PF) type of property for signed matrices. The conditions we develop cover both time-invariant and time-varying cases. A particularly simple sufficient condition, valid in both cases, is that the Laplacians are normal matrices. Such condition can be relaxed in several ways. For instance, in the time-invariant case it is enough that the Laplacian has this PF property on the right side, but not on the left side (i.e., on the transpose). For the time-varying case, convergence to consensus can be guaranteed by the existence of a common Lyapunov function for all the signed Laplacians. All conditions can be easily extended to bipartite consensus. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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Event-triggered control of nonlinear systems under deception and Denial-of-Service attacks 63

Event-triggered control of nonlinear systems under deception...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and control, CDC 2024

作者： Seifullaev, Ruslan Teixeira, Andre M. H. Ahlen, Anders Uppsala University Division of Systems and Control Department of Information Technology Sweden Uppsala University Division of Signals and Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We address the problem of event-triggered networked control of nonlinear systems under simultaneous deception and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. By DoS attacks, we refer to disruptions in the communication channel that prevent sensor measurements from reaching the controller. When the system undergoes a deception attack, the controller receives a modified output, deviating from the sensor's original measurement. We implement the input delay approach and the Lyapunov-Krasovskii technique to obtain sufficient conditions, expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), that characterize the duration of the DoS interruptions under which input-to-state stability (ISS) of the closed-loop system is preserved. Furthermore, we explore scenarios involving simultaneous attacks, where the DoS is modeled as a stochastic Bernoulli process. The closed-loop system is then considered as a stochastic impulsive system. In a similar manner, we derive conditions to ensure mean-square ISS for this case. A numerical example illustrates the efficiency of the results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Filtering in Projection-based Integrators for Improved Phase Characteristics 63

Filtering in Projection-based Integrators for Improved Phase...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and control, CDC 2024

作者： Chu, Hoang Van Den Eijnden, S.J.A.M. Heertjes, M.F. Heemels, W.P.M.H. Eindhoven University of Technology Control Systems Technology Section Dept. Mechanical Engineering Netherlands Asml Mechatronics & Measurements Systems Veldhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Projection-based integrators are effectively employed in high-precision systems with growing industrial success. By utilizing a projection operator, the resulting projection-based integrator keeps its input-output pair within a designated sector set, leading to unique freedom in control design that can be directly translated into performance benefits. This paper aims to enhance projection-based integrators by incorporating well-crafted linear filters directly into its structure, resulting in a new class of projected integrators that includes the earlier ones, such as the hybrid-integrator gain systems (HIGS), as special cases. The extra design freedom in the form of two filters in the input paths to the projection operator and the internal dynamics allows the controller to break away from the inherent limitations of a linear control design. The enhanced performance properties of the proposed structure are formally demonstrated through i) a describing function analysis, ii) mitigation of the gain-loss problem (occurring in, e.g., HIGS), and iii) numerical case studies showcasing improved time-domain properties. The describing function analysis is supported by rigorously showing incremental properties of the new filtered projection-based integrators, thereby guaranteeing the steady-state responses to be unique and asymptotically stable. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Describing functions

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Processing Signals in Digital Current Measuring Transformers to Quickly Obtain the Vector for RPA Purposes

Processing Signals in Digital Current Measuring Transformers...

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2024 International Conference on Industrial engineering, Applications and Manufacturing, ICIEAM 2024

作者： Lebedev, Vladimir D. Grigorev, Denis G. Kuzmina, Nataliya V. Ivanovo State Power Engineering University Department Of Electric Power Systems Automatic Control Ivanovo Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395013

In the development of secondary systems of stations and substations, including relay protection, automation, control, electric power metering and other features, there have recently been qualitative changes related to the introduction of digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies is supported by innovative development programmes such as «Digital Transformation 2030». The essence of introducing digital technologies is related to the use of digital data transmission channels according to common standards. 'Digital substation' projects are being actively implemented with transmission of digital information at all levels, starting with primary equipment, including transmission of information, both from current and voltage measuring transformers, and switchgear. Currently, digital measuring transformers are being actively developed and beginning to be introduced, in which information on measured current and voltage is presented in a digital code. New approaches to measuring primary current and voltage, and the transmission of information pose new challenges and open up new prospects of improving signals processing methods used for relay protection purposes. This determines the relevance of the objective of our research - developing and studying approaches to the digital processing of signals in digital current and voltage measuring transformers. As a result, the approach to determining synchronized values of current vectors was studied by processing information obtained from primary current converters. The characteristics of the algorithm for obtaining the vector were analyzed, and the dependences of errors on the influence of distorting factors were plotted. The proposed approach to obtaining the vector is a development of the existing approach by obtaining information from current sensors operating on different physical principles. The study shows the advantages of the proposed method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Relay protection

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Voltage and power control for distributed generation units in islanded microgrids 6th

Voltage and power control for distributed generation units i...

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6th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore, RENEW 2024

作者： Rouch, T. Bagheri M’zoughi, F. Aboutalebi, P. Ahmad, I. Garrido, A.J. Garrido, I. Institute of Research and Development of Processes—IIDP Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country Bilbao Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781032905570

This article presents an optimized control strategy tailored for DC islanded microgrids, featuring a voltage controller based on mixed H2/H∞ state feedback using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a power controller guided by droop characteristics. A polytopic modeling approach addresses system uncertainties and nonlinearities. The controller aims to stabilize the system, reject disturbances, equitably distribute power among distributed generation units (DGUs), and minimize energy consumption. Regional pole placement ensures welldamped transient responses. Simulation results demonstrate effective management of load perturbations and DGU disconnections, with a comparative analysis against an H∞ controller offering additional insights into performance. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Microgrids

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