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Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts (Jul, 10.1038/s41559-021-01510-3, 2021)

NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2021年第9期5卷 1319-1319页

作者： Shackelford, Nancy Paterno, Gustavo B. Winkler, Daniel E. Erickson, Todd E. Leger, Elizabeth A. Svejcar, Lauren N. Breed, Martin F. Faist, Akasha M. Harrison, Peter A. Curran, Michael F. Guo, Qinfeng Kirmer, Anita Law, Darin J. Mganga, Kevin Z. Munson, Seth M. Porensky, Lauren M. Quiroga, R. Emiliano Torok, Peter Wainwright, Claire E. Abdullahi, Ali Bahm, Matt A. Ballenger, Elizabeth A. Barger, Nichole Baughman, Owen W. Becker, Carina Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban Boyd, Chad S. Burton, Carla M. Burton, Philip J. Calleja, Eman Carrick, Peter J. Caruana, Alex Clements, Charlie D. Davies, Kirk W. Deak, Balazs Drake, Jessica Dullau, Sandra Eldridge, Joshua Espeland, Erin Farrell, Hannah L. Fick, Stephen E. Garbowski, Magda de la Riva, Enrique G. Golos, Peter J. Grey, Penelope A. Heydenrych, Barry Holmes, Patricia M. James, Jeremy J. Jonas-Bratten, Jayne Kiss, Reka Kramer, Andrea T. Larson, Julie E. Lorite, Juan Mayence, C. Ellery Merino-Martin, Luis Miglecz, Tamas Milton, Suanne Jane Monaco, Thomas A. Montalvo, Arlee M. Navarro-Cano, Jose A. Paschke, Mark W. Peri, Pablo Luis Pokorny, Monica L. Rinella, Matthew J. Saayman, Nelmarie Schantz, Merilynn C. Parkhurst, Tina Seabloom, Eric W. Stuble, Katharine L. Uselman, Shauna M. Valko, Orsolya Veblen, Kari Wilson, Scott Wong, Megan Xu, Zhiwei Suding, Katharine L. School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Restoration Ecology Research Group Technical University of Munich Freising Germany US Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Moab UT USA School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia Kings Park Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Western Australia Australia Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno NV USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center Burns OR USA College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA USDA FS – Southern Research Station Research Triangle Park NC USA Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Bernburg Germany School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Department of Agricultural Sciences South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya US Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff AZ USA US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit Fort Collins CO USA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca Catamarca Argentina Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales Facultad de Cienci

Restoration of degraded drylands is urgently needed to mitigate climate change, reverse desertification and secure livelihoods for the two billion people who live in these areas. Bold global targets have been set for dryland restoration to restore millions of hectares of degraded land. These targets have been questioned as overly ambitious, but without a global evaluation of successes and failures it is impossible to gauge feasibility. Here we examine restoration seeding outcomes across 174 sites on six continents, encompassing 594,065 observations of 671 plant species. Our findings suggest reasons for optimism. Seeding had a positive impact on species presence: in almost a third of all treatments, 100% of species seeded were growing at first monitoring. However, dryland restoration is risky: 17% of projects failed, with no establishment of any seeded species, and consistent declines were found in seeded species as projects matured. Across projects, higher seeding rates and larger seed sizes resulted in a greater probability of recruitment, with further influences on species success including site aridity, taxonomic identity and species life form. Our findings suggest that investigations examining these predictive factors will yield more effective and informed restoration decision-making.

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Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

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Body image 2023年 46卷 449-466页

作者： Viren Swami Ulrich S Tran Stefan Stieger Toivo Aavik Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo Reza Afhami Oli Ahmed Annie Aimé Marwan Akel Hussam Al Halbusi George Alexias Khawla F Ali Nursel Alp-Dal Anas B Alsalhani Sara Álvares-Solas Ana Carolina Soares Amaral Sonny Andrianto Trefor Aspden Marios Argyrides John Jamir Benzon R Aruta Stephen Atkin Olusola Ayandele Migle Baceviciene Radvan Bahbouh Andrea Ballesio David Barron Ashleigh Bellard Sóley Sesselja Bender Kerime Derya Beydağ Gorana Birovljević Marie-Ève Blackburn Teresita Borja-Alvarez Joanna Borowiec Miroslava Bozogáňová Solfrid Bratland-Sanda Matthew H E M Browning Anna Brytek-Matera Marina Burakova Yeliz Çakır-Koçak Pablo Camacho Vittorio Emanuele Camilleri Valentina Cazzato Silvia Cerea Apitchaya Chaiwutikornwanich Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon Tim Chambers Qing-Wei Chen Xin Chen Chin-Lung Chien Phatthanakit Chobthamkit Bovornpot Choompunuch Emilio J Compte Jennifer Corrigan Getrude Cosmas Richard G Cowden Kamila Czepczor-Bernat Marcin Czub Wanderson Roberto da Silva Mahboubeh Dadfar Simon E Dalley Lionel Dany Jesus Alfonso D Datu Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho Avila Odia S De Jesus Sonia Harzallah Debbabi Sandesh Dhakal Francesca Di Bernardo Donka D Dimitrova Jacinthe Dion Barnaby Dixson Stacey M Donofrio Marius Drysch Hongfei Du Angel M Dzhambov Claire El-Jor Violeta Enea Mehmet Eskin Farinaz Farbod Lorleen Farrugia Leonie Fian Maryanne L Fisher Michał Folwarczny David A Frederick Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Adrian Furnham Antonio Alías García Shulamit Geller Marta Ghisi Alireza Ghorbani Maria Angeles Gomez Martinez Sarah Gradidge Sylvie Graf Caterina Grano Gyöngyvér Gyene Souheil Hallit Motasem Hamdan Jonathan E Handelzalts Paul H P Hanel Steven R Hawks Issa Hekmati Mai Helmy Tetiana Hill Farah Hina Geraldine Holenweger Martina Hřebíčková Olasupo Augustine Ijabadeniyi Asma Imam Başak İnce Natalia Irrazabal Rasa Jankauskiene Ding-Yu Jiang Micaela Jiménez-Borja Verónica Jiménez-Borja Evan M Johnson Veljko Jov School of Psychology and Sport Science Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Centre for Psychological Medicine Perdana University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Electronic address: viren.swami@aru.ac.uk. Department of Cognition Emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria. Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems an der Donau Austria. Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Department of Psychology Koç University Istanbul Turkiye. Department of Psychology and Behavioural Studies Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria. Department of Art Studies Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran. Department of Psychology University of Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology Université du Québec en Outaouais Saint-Jérôme Canada. INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology Beirut Lebanon School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University Beirut Lebanon. Department of Management Ahmed Bin Mohammad Military College Doha Qatar. Faculty of Psychology Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences Athens Greece. Royal College of Surgeons Ireland-Bahrain Adliya Bahrain. Department of Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences Munzur University Tunceli Turkiya. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing Vision Colleges Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam Muyuna Ecuador. Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais Barbacena Brazil. Department of Psychology Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Indonesia. Department of Psychology Aberystwyth University Ceredigion United Kingdom. Department of Psychology Neapolis University Pafos Paphos Cyprus. Department of Psychology De La Salle University Phillippines. Department of Gen

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

关键词： Body appreciation Body appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) Cross-cultural Measurement invariance Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) Psychometrics Structural analysis

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Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes (vol 578, pg 112, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E38-E38页

作者： Li, Yilong Roberts, Nicola D. Wala, Jeremiah A. Shapira, Ofer Schumacher, Steven E. Kumar, Kiran Khurana, Ekta Waszak, Sebastian Korbel, Jan O. Haber, James E. Imielinski, Marcin Weischenfeldt, Joachim Beroukhim, Rameen Campbell, Peter J. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK Totient Inc Cambridge MA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Charlestown MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Ne

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer (vol 578, pg 94, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E41-E41页

作者： Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Kim, Jaegil Haradhvala, Nicholas J. Huang, Mi Ni Ng, Alvin Wei Tian Wu, Yang Boot, Arnoud Covington, Kyle R. Gordenin, Dmitry A. Bergstrom, Erik N. Islam, S. M. Ashiqul Lopez-Bigas, Nuria Klimczak, Leszek J. McPherson, John R. Morganella, Sandro Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan Wheeler, David A. Mustonen, Ville Getz, Gad Rozen, Steven G. Stratton, Michael R. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Bioengineering Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego CA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center San Diego CA USA University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Computational Biology Program Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto ON Canada Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome Division of Medical Science National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory National Ins

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Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2021年第10278期397卷 996-1009页

作者： Haile, Lydia M. Kamenov, Kaloyan Briant, Paul Svitil Orji, Aislyn U. Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Abdoli, Amir Abdollahi, Mohammad Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Afshin, Ashkan Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Yonas Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Amu, Hubert Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arulappan, Judie Ashbaugh, Charlie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Banik, Palash Chandra Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bender, Rose G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Burkart, Katrin Cederroth, Christopher R. Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Desalew, Assefa Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Doyle, Kerrie E. Duncan, Bruce B. Ekholuenetale, Michael Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Franklin, Richard Charles Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Shilpa Gallus, Silvano Ghamari, Farhad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghozali, Ghozali Gilani, Syed Amir Glǎvan, Ionela-Roxana Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hamidi, Samer Hammond, Billy Randall Hay, Simon I. Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Hoffman, Howard J. Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Househ, Mowafa Hussain, Rabia Hwang, Bing-Fang Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Kalhor, Rohollah Al-Salihi, Nawzad Kameran Kandel, Himal Kasa, Ayele Semachew Kayode, Gbenga A. Khalilov, Rovshan Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Kosen, Soewarta Koyanagi, Ai Kumar, G. Anil Landires, Ivan Lasrado, Savita Lim, Stephen S. Liu, Xuefeng Lobo, Stany W. Lugo, Alessandra Makki, Alaa Mendoza, Walter Mersha, Amanual Getnet Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Noncommunicable Diseases World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva Switzerland Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Department of Medical Physiology University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia Health Information Management and Technology Department Dammam Saudi Arabia Geriatric and Long Term Care Department Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Rumailah Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan Health Management and Economics Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Community Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Social Determinants of Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran Department of Maternal and Child Health Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Health System and Health Economics Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Pharmacy University of Huddersfield Huddersfield United Kingdom Unit of Biochemistry Universiti

Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-ca

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Case study research of user design methods

Case study research of user design methods

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International Annual Conference of the American Society for engineering management 2015, ASEM 2015

作者： Cox, Amy Szajnfarber, Zoe George Washington University Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510816022

System users have been a demonstrated source of innovations and breakthrough ideas. While there is a wealth of literature dedicated to understanding this source of innovation for its ability to generate new markets;understanding how users design and change systems remains understudied. As an initial step, this research seeks to understand problem solving mechanisms employed by users. To observe this phenomenon, this initial research considers an extreme case of user design, the development of a complex system. Three categories of change mechanisms were employed by users: user, method and material. As a departure from traditional design methods it was found that users view themselves as a dynamic component of the system and change themselves or their behaviors to enable system capabilities. In the case considered, users were able to rapidly develop a complex system to meet new requirements;interestingly this was accomplished with either modular or minimally invasive equipment changes. While traditional flexible design tenets were present in the materiel components of the system (e.g. robustness and modularity), the skill and capacity of the system users provided a separate source of system flexibility. © American Society for engineering management, 2015.

关键词： Problem solving

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Effect of long-term buying relationships in group purchasing environment in the presence of inventory holding

Effect of long-term buying relationships in group purchasing...

引用

IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2015

作者： Mohammadi, Abdollah Ozelkan, Ertunga C. Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Infrastructure and Environmental Systems Program University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762447

Group purchasing (GP) is a procurement strategy that can be deployed by businesses for purchasing raw materials for less by benefiting from economies of scale in purchasing through consolidation of their demands. In this study the effect of establishing longer term buying relations (as opposed to single term or period) between the GP agent and the buyers on the procurement cost is investigated. In a long-term relationship setting, the buyers share demand information over a planning horizon with the GP agent, and are willing to take part in GP during this planning horizon. In lack of a long-term relationship, customers will make GP decisions in each period while in the longer term relationship case they will have a GP decision for multiple periods over the planning horizon in the presence of inventory holding. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are developed to handle single period and long-term cases, and to compare the cost performance. An experimental analysis is presented to test the models under different inventory cost scenarios.

关键词： Supply chains

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