Proper supplier selection is very critical because a significant proportion of income is allocated for and spent on purchased items. This paper presents a supplier selection model for oil and gas projects in the Unite...
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The XHSTT was proposed as a standard format to express a wide range of School Timetabling problems. Although the format is powerful to represent different timetabling features, its application to University Course Tim...
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Recently, an optimization metaheuristic paradigm based intelligent behavior of crows called crow search algorithm (CSA) has been proposed. To enhance the performance of the standard CSA algorithm, this paper proposes ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509010332
Recently, an optimization metaheuristic paradigm based intelligent behavior of crows called crow search algorithm (CSA) has been proposed. To enhance the performance of the standard CSA algorithm, this paper proposes to tune the control parameters using population diversity information and Gaussian distribution. Loney's solenoid benchmark problem is used to examine the effectiveness of the conventional CSA and the proposed modified CSA.
Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factor...
Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwa...
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Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is an indicator frequently used for measuring efficiency of critical equipment. Typically presents a negative asymmetrical distribution, limited to the interval [0;1]. Due to this...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780983762447
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is an indicator frequently used for measuring efficiency of critical equipment. Typically presents a negative asymmetrical distribution, limited to the interval [0;1]. Due to this characteristic, it is uncommon using statistical control procedures for monitoring OEE. This study aims to contribute to this discussion by presenting an approach for monitoring OEE through statistical control procedures. The OEE/TEEP control chart is presented with sensitization procedures, allowing the user to adapt the results of the monitoring process to the needs of the monitored resource constraint. Performance results are presented based on an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, with 4551 sets of 20 thousand observations each. One application example is also presented, for illustrating the potential of the proposed control charts.
Proper supplier selection is very critical because a significant proportion of income is allocated for and spent on purchased items. This paper presents a supplier selection model for oil and gas projects in the Unite...
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In recent years, it has become a challenge to improve the recruitment and retention of highly motivated Hispanic and other minority students and to keep their interests active in the engineering discipline until their...
Reverse bullwhip effect in pricing (RBP) refers to the amplified variability of retail prices compared to wholesale prices. RBP effect propagates from upstream towards downstream in a supply chain. The conditions for ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780983762447
Reverse bullwhip effect in pricing (RBP) refers to the amplified variability of retail prices compared to wholesale prices. RBP effect propagates from upstream towards downstream in a supply chain. The conditions for RBP depend upon the price sensitive demand functions that eventually govern the optimized retail prices. In this study, a game-theoretic framework is used to model a supply chain that consist of multiple suppliers, a wholesaler and a retailer. Multiple suppliers compete with each other following a simultaneous auction game. There are also sequential games among each supplier and the wholesaler and the retailer. Optimization along with simulation analysis has been applied to illustrate the presence of RBP effect for linear demand functions.
Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalen...
Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am
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