Judicious building design can significantly reduce energy required to heat, cool, and illuminate buildings, which accounts for approximately 30% of our nation's energy use. Building upon the authors' previous ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780983762430
Judicious building design can significantly reduce energy required to heat, cool, and illuminate buildings, which accounts for approximately 30% of our nation's energy use. Building upon the authors' previous research on optimizing buildings for natural lighting, a novel approach to optimizing light and heat exchanges across the building envelope (i.e., exterior surfaces such as walls and windows) is proposed;a method is introduced that analyzes the magnitude of these exchanges across envelope components and how effectively they meet luminous and thermal requirements. Each design is evaluated on how its hourly heat transfer (conducted and radiated) impacts annual heating and cooling loads. In addition, window design is evaluated based on the ratio of actual to potential room area illuminated to a target threshold on an annual basis. This thermal and lighting evaluation approach forms the basis of a bi-objective building envelope optimization method. A simple classroom design problem is used as a case study. It is expected that this method will be superior to similar ones, which typically measure performance at the building level, thus aggregating and masking the effects of building envelope components on individual rooms (thermal zones).
Virtual Humans (VHs) have been employed in multidisciplinary fields to advance interpersonal skills critical to many professional, including law enforcement agents, military personnel, managers, doctors, lawyers and o...
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Previous studies demonstrated climate change had reduced rice yield in China, but the magnitude of the reduction and the spatial variations of the impact have remained in controversy to date. Based on a gridded daily ...
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Previous studies demonstrated climate change had reduced rice yield in China, but the magnitude of the reduction and the spatial variations of the impact have remained in controversy to date. Based on a gridded daily weather dataset, we found there were obvious changes in temperatures, diurnal temperature range, and radiation during the rice-growing season from 1961 to 2010 in China. These changes resulted in a signiifcant decline of simulated national rice yield （simulated with CERES-Rice）, with a magnitude of 11.5%. However, changes in growing-season radiation and diurnal temperature range, not growing-season temperatures, contributed most to the simulated yield reduction, which conifrmed previous estimates by empirical studies. Yield responses to changes of the climatic variables varied across different rice production areas. In rice production areas with the mean growing-season temperature at 12-14＆#176;C and above 20＆#176;C, a 1＆#176;C growing-season warming decreased rice yield by roughly 4%. This decrease was partly attributed to increased heat stresses and shorter growth period under the warmer climate. In some rice areas of the southern China and the Yangtze River Basin where the rice growing-season temperature was greater than 20＆#176;C, decrease in the growing-season radiation partly interpreted the widespread yield decline of the simulation, suggesting the signiifcant negative contribution of recent global dimming on rice production in China＇s main rice areas. Whereas in the northern rice production areas with relatively low growing-season temperature, decrease of the diurnal temperature range was identiifed as the main climatic contributor for the decline of simulated rice yield, with larger decreasing magnitude under cooler areas.
The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project has shown that many wheat crop models can simulate grain yields and growth dynamics under a range of growing conditions,but simulation results often *** m...
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The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project has shown that many wheat crop models can simulate grain yields and growth dynamics under a range of growing conditions,but simulation results often *** model uncertainties increase with higher temperatures and with combined increased temperature and CO,however,multi-model ensemble medians have proven with field observations to be a good predictor of observed data under various growing *** multi-model ensemble median simulations showed that global wheat production declines by 6% for each degree of global temperature *** simulated impact is similar to temperature impact assessments using statistical regression methods with aggregated farm *** on the temperature impact study,new simulations of increased temperature were combined with elevated CO and rainfall changes to assess their impact on yield and protein and included the possible role of genetic adaptations to climate change at local,regional and global scales.
Recognizing the need for a comprehensive review of the tools and metrics for the quantification and assessment of water footprints, and allowing for the opportunity for open discussion on the challenges and future of ...
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Heart rate variability (HRV) is known to be one of the representative ECG-derived features that are useful for diverse pervasive healthcare applications. The advancement in daily physiological monitoring technology is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424479276
Heart rate variability (HRV) is known to be one of the representative ECG-derived features that are useful for diverse pervasive healthcare applications. The advancement in daily physiological monitoring technology is enabling monitoring of HRV in people's everyday lives. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of measuring ECG-derived features such as HRV, only using the smartphone-integrated ECG sensors system named Sinabro. We conducted the evaluation with 13 subjects in five predetermined smartphone use cases. The result shows the potential that the smartphone-based sensing system can support daily monitoring of ECG-derived features;The average errors of HRV over all participants ranged from 1.65% to 5.83% (SD: 2.54～10.87) for five use cases. Also, all of individual HRV parameters showed less than 5% of average errors for the three reliable cases.
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