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Dynamic Diversification of Fixed Income Portfolios

Financial Analysts Journal 1994年第1期50卷 30-38页

作者： John M. Mulvey Stavros A. Zenios Professor Engineering and Management Systems Program Princeton University. Director Engineering and Management Systems Program Princeton University. Associate Professor of Decision Sciences Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Principal Investigator HERMES Laboratory of Financial Modeling and Simulation

A systematic and practical approach for diversifying a portfolio of fixed-income securities blends forward-looking simulations of the term structure of interest rates with traditional concepts from equity management. The objective is to form a well-diversified portfolio, one that is robust to anticipated changes in interest rates and other uncertainties. To achieve this objective, the dynamic effects must be jointly modeled so that security correlations (comovements) can be estimated. Once a covariance matrix is constructed, traditional methods of portfolio management can be employed. The concepts apply to a wide variety of fixed-income areas, including the high-yield sector and mortgage-backed securities.

关键词： Mortgage backed securities Financial portfolios Security prices Cash flow Investment risk Portfolio diversification Financial advisers Security portfolios Interest rates

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DDG-51 CLASS COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第4期106卷 165-173页

作者： OUILLETTE, JJ THE AUTHOR is the DDG-51 class computer-aided design project manager in the Navy's Aegis program office. Ms. Ouillette is 1986 graduate of the University of Maine with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. Prior to her current position Ms. Ouillette was employed by the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Bath Me. where she was involved with engineering systems management for the DDG-51 class program.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing technology is being implemented in the U.S. Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) Class Aegis Destroyer program. Under the Navy's direction, the DDG-51 class construction yards are aggressively pursuing the transition to CAD-based design, construction and life cycle support. Through the CAD initiative, acquisition costs can be reduced without reduction of ships' capability. Building a three dimensional (3D) computer generated model of the ship prior to construction will facilitate the identification and resolution of interference and interface problems that would otherwise remain undetected until actual ship construction. The 3D database contains geometry and design data to support system design and concurrent engineering and is exchanged electronically between the construction yards. Detailed design drawings, fabrication sketches, and numerical control (NC) data are extracted directly from the database to support construction. At the completion of ship construction, as-built models will be provided to the planning yard for life cycle support.

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THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM - RISK-BASED RESOURCE programMING AT WORK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 279-284页

作者： JACOBS, KS SODERSTROM, GW Kenneth S. Jacobs:is the director of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Surface Ship Maintenance Division. Originally trained as a data systems technician he attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia graduating with a BS degree in mechanical engineering in 1975. Over the course of the last eighteen years Mr. Jacobs has served in NavSea as a project engineer for boats and service craft as the type desk for AFS AOR AO and AOG ship types and as manager of the Amphibious and Auxiliary Ship Maintenance Strategy Program where he was instrumental in the development and implementation of the Phased Maintenance Program. He has authored several papers on the subject of ship maintenance and is a member of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society ASNE and the Association of Scientists and Engineers. Grant W. Soderstrom:is an engineer with American Management Systems Inc. He received his BS in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1983 and his MS in systems engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1991. While on active duty he served as weapons officer and in various engineering positions on nuclear submarines qualifying as a naval nuclear engineer. His maintenance experience includes a submarine refueling overhaul. For the past two years he has been involved with surface ship maintenance engineering.

The U.S. Navy has refined its program Objective Memorandum (POM) development process to ensure that future budgets provide adequate ship maintenance funding while maintaining the proper balance between force structure and force readiness. The Maintenance Requirements System (MRS) is now the process which allows the U.S. Navy Surface Ship community to forecast and defend its requirements by articulating the potential mission impact (risk) of funding constraints. Risk is defined across many disciplines as the product of the severity of an outcome and the probability of an outcome. For maintenance, we define relative risk as the severity of system failure times the probability of system failure if a maintenance task is not performed. Any limited budget carries some risk, since some maintenance tasks will not be funded. When funding for a future availability is constrained, MRS sorts the representative maintenance tasks in descending order of risk and cuts the list based on funding. MRS then identifies the mission impact of each unfunded maintenance task. This method does not predict or dictate the actual maintenance performed on each ship in the future, but through feedback it projects the types and costs of required maintenance and provides an estimate of the impact of funding constraints. This paper outlines the basic principles of risk-based decision making, provides a detailed discussion of an actual risk-based decision making process (MRS), and suggests some other maintenance applications of risk-based decision making.

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JOINT LOGISTICS OVER THE SHORE OPERATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 256-263页

作者： VAUGHTERS, TG The Author:has over thirty years of engineering and program management experience in the development and testing of material handling hardware systems to transfer cargo from ship-to-shore from ship-to-ship and within both navy and commercial ships. From 1967 to 1977 he was a supervisory naval architect at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and Mare Island Naval Shipyard. In 1977 he joined his present organization and became office head in 1987. He has received numerous awards including the Meritorious Civilian Service Award for the management of a program which developed a RO/RO ship offshore unloading facility. His office is currently engaged in a number of RDT&E programs dealing with mobile offshore bases strategic sealift joint service logistics over the shore systems underway replenishment and shipboard cargo handling systems.

Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS) operations are the unloading of ships without the benefit of fixed port facilities. Container ships, RO/RO ships, break bulk ships, heavy lift ships, and tankers are the most common merchant vessels utilized in JLOTS to transport military cargo. Operational requirements dictate that merchant ship unloading be conducted over unimproved shorelines in Sea State 0 through 3 conditions under adverse environmental conditions. New technology is currently being developed to improve the offshore unloading of the various types of merchant ships normally used in JLOTS operations, but to date technology has not been able to satisfy the Sea State 3 requirement. Several new JLOTS subsystems were recently tested as part of a OSD sponsored joint service test and evaluation program called JLOTS III. Test operations above Sea State 2 were not possible. Lighters, cargo transfer systems, and personnel did not have the capability or training to perform in Sea State 3 as currently required by military doctrine. This paper discusses the current state of affairs of JLOTS technology developments with regard to three questions: (1) is the Sea State 3 requirement still a valid requirement;(2) can existing technology in combination with improved training solve the problem;and (3) can emerging technology provide a better, more cost effective solution in the long run? This paper addresses several emerging JLOTS technology initiatives which, if implemented, could vastly improve JLOTS and make the entire JLOTS system much more affordable.

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Total Quality management and Supplier Partnerships: A Case Study

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International Journal of Purchasing and Materials management 1994年第4期30卷 13-20页

作者： Stuart, F. Ian Mueller, P. Professor of Operations and Quality Management at the University of Victoria Canada. He earned his Ph. D. degree at the University of Western Ontario. Dr. Stuart is actively researching topics in the areas of supplier partnerships and total quality management. Manager of Quality Engineering and Systems Development at Heinz U.S.A. He is a graduate of the M.B.A. program at Bowling Green State University.

Many North American firms have established partnering arrangements with their suppliers for the purpose of improving the quality of their product or service offerings. Prior partnership research has emphasized implementation and results in the auto sector and has relied on either questionnaire survey data or anecdotal evidence to draw conclusions. Such a research methodology has produced some concern regarding supplier partnering applicability in other industry sectors—and also a perception that benefits achieved from such approaches may not mirror reality. Using a longitudinal field study, the results of one firm's use of supplier partnerships is examined from the perspective of continuous improvement in quality and productivity. The case study is unusual because both partnering and nonpartnering approaches were employed during the course of the study, providing data for contrasting statistical analysis. The study shows the actual benefits achieved in productivity and quality from the firm's supplier partnering activities. The implications for management, along with the difficulties encountered in relating to traditional purchasing philosophies, are discussed. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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MEDIUM-SPEED DIESEL PROPULSION REDUCTION GEARING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 29-40页

作者： PHINNEY, JM The Author:is the senior application specialist for the enclosed drive group of the Philadelphia Gear Corporation where his responsibilities include conceptual design and quotation of sophisticated equipment in the marine propulsion special products industrial gear products and high speed products areas. Prior to joining Philadelphia Gear Mr. Phinney's career included positions as Engineering Supervisor at Newport News Shipbuilding Director of Product Engineering for SKF Industries Manager of Engineering for Propulsion Systems Inc and Chief of Design Engineering for High Speed and Marine Drives at the Falk Corporation. The scope of his marine experience includes management design of propulsion equipment and logistic support for military and commercial vessels ranging from fishing vessels to aircraft carriers. Mr. Phinney is a graduate of Antioch College earning his BSME in 1963. A member of ASNE since 1985 Mr. Phinney is a past member of the National Council representing the mid-Atlantic region. He is active in the Delaware Valley Section where he heads the Awards Committee and previously served as the section Chairman Vice Chairman and Program Committee head. He has also been active in other engineering societies with several papers to his credit.

Current interest in medium speed diesel propulsion for maritime vessels is driving a third generation of reduction gear designs. The first generation nourished in the 1930s and looked remarkably like those proposed today. However, by comparison, they were designed with low power density;used lightly loaded gear teeth and bearings;had to cope with poorly filtered and blended lubricants;used relatively inaccurate manufacturing techniques, and were based on inaccurate analysis of operating conditions. The second generation, starting in the late 1960s and continuing through 1980, had the benefit of the rational AGMA gear design method, Raimondi and Boyd's work on bearing design, and sophisticated techniques for alignment and vibratory analysis. Power and loading levels increased and many variations of equipment were tried: reversing engines, reversing gears, and reversing propellers. Individually, each was successful and we now have the benefit of two decades of operating experience for this design generation. This paper will explore the design principles of the gear/engine/propeller/auxiliary equipment package to define the guiding parameters for the third generation based upon the lessons provided by the experience gained in the two previous generations.

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Bioremediation using a commercial slurry‐phase biological treatment system: Site‐specific applications and costs

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Remediation Journal 1994年第3期4卷 353-362页

作者： Woodhull, Patrick M. Jerger, Douglas E. Patrick M. Woodhull is a project engineer in the bioremediation program at OHM Remediation Services Corp. a full-service environmental contracting firm in Findlay Ohio. He has 7 years of experience in the design and implementation of process systems for the biological treatment of contaminated materials. He is responsible for the technical management and project engineering of bioremediation projects and evaluation of innovative bioremediation processes. Douglas E. Jerger is OHM's technical director of bioremediation. He has more than 20 years of experience in applied and environmental microbiology. He designs and implements bioremediation programs for laboratory pilot and field projects provides technical management for ongoing projects and oversees OHM's biological research and development program.

Slurry‐phase bioremediation is an engineered process for treating contaminated soils or sludges. Slurry‐phase biological treatment can be applied to a variety of contaminated wastes amenable to microbial degradation, including manufactured gas plant wastes, wood‐treating wastes, refinery wastes, petroleum hydrocarbons, and select chlorinated compounds, including PCBs. This article describes the process by which a commercial slurry‐phase treatment system was used to bioremediate contaminants at two sites–a wood treatment facility and a manufactured gas plant. A process description of the system and an analysis of project costs are provided. Bioremediation offers two advantages over other remediation alternatives: on‐site destruction of the contaminant(s) and lower total remedial costs. Slurry‐phase biological treatment offers several advantages over conventional bioremediation technologies (i.e., land treatment). Slurry‐phase biological treatment can achieve increased degradation rates, higher treatment efficiencies, greater control of environmental and operating conditions, and smaller treatment area requirements. Slurry‐phase biological treatment costs range from approximately $200 to $230 per cubic yard, which is comparable to other on‐site remediation technologies. Copyright © 1994 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

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AN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN APPROACH FOR LARGE SATELLITE NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 197-210页

作者： COTNER, C INUKAI, T COMSAT World Systems 6560 Rock Spring Drive Bethesda MD 20817 USA. Director Customer Technical Support for COMSAT World Systems. He directs support to U.S. users of the INTELSAT satellite network particularly in the areas of certifying that performance of earth-stations is in accordance with system requirements and in supporting the unique needs of television customers. Mr. Cotner's primary technical interests are earth-station design transmission analysis and high power amplifiers. Mr. Cotner has been with COMSAT for over 25 years. Most recently he served as Director of Technical Liaison and Analysis responsible for much of COMSAT World Systems research and development programme for high-level technical interaction with customers such as AT&T and MCI and for initiatives to improve the quality of international satellite transmission. He has also held technical management positions in COMSAT Laboratories COMSAT General where he was a Division Director Earth Segment Engineering and COMSAT World Systems where he represented the U.S. Signatory on the INTELSAT Board of Governors Technical Advisory Committee for five years. Mr. Cotner is a colonel (retired) in the Signal Corps U.S. Army Reserve where he was assigned to several mobilization positions related to satellite communications including a tour of duty on the Joint Staff. Awarded the degree of B.S.E. (cum-laude) in Electrical Engineering by Princeton University. Mr. Cotner also holds an M.S.E. from Cornell University and is a Commandants List graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. He and his wife Sharon live in Silver Spring Maryland. COMSAT Laboratories 22300 COMSAT Drive Clarksburg MD 20871 USA. Received the BS and MS degrees in Communications Engineering from the Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Tokyo Japan and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the City University of New York New York. Dr. Inukai is a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division of COMSAT Laboratories. He directs res

Designing a world-wide satellite network that consists of hundreds of user sites and thousands of circuit connections is a complex problem, which involves selecting a set of candidate satellites and satellite beams/frequency bands from among numerous existing and planned satellites, evaluation of circuit connectivity, earth-station compatibility and sizing, and estimating transponder loading. The design process may also require assessment of the impact of a different set of satellites and modified user traffic requirements on the space segment, the earth-station types and quantity, and the total system cost. Although a conventional design approach based on link-by-link and site-by-site analysis provides accurate results, it is time-consuming and impractical for developing high-level network architectures in a time-constrained environment. A design technique is proposed which employs a set of rules for satellite network design, in combination with extensive databases of satellite parameters, earth-station parameters and user traffic requirements, to synthesize a network architecture. The technique is particularly useful for performing high-level trade-offs among alternative architectures in terms of space segment requirements, the number and type of earth-stations and overall system cost. Once the desired architecture has been selected, a detailed design may be developed using conventional methods.

关键词： SATELLITE NETWORK DESIGN RULE-BASED DESIGN FIXED SATELLITE SERVICES FDMA INTELSAT BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS TRANSPONDER CAPACITY

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ACQUISITION REFORM AND BEST PRODUCT PROCUREMENT - AN engineering VIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第6期106卷 41-57页

作者： FISHER, DA SKOLNICK, A He has been involved with several weapon system developments. Among these were the Trident II fire control and navigation systems the BSY-I Anti-Submarine Warfare System and the Navy standard computers (UYK44 and EMSP). He served as manager of the Digital Circuits Engineering Branch and was then appointed as manager of the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Technology Division. As manager of the ATE Technology Division he was responsible for the SP-23 Fire Control System Support Project the SP-24 Navigation Project and the Fleet Progressive Maintenance Program (2M/ATE). This Division was responsible for selection and application of electronic product technology and for developing fleet test and repair techniques. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Evansville and is currently pursuing a Masters of Public Administration at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick:retired from the Navy in 1983 with the rank of captain. He is president of System Science Consultants (SSC) specializing in strategic planning technical program definition technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. Dr. Skolnick taught mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University. He is adjunct faculty at Northern Virginia Community College. From 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. In the Navy he served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University then aboard USSBoston(CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. In 1975 he became a major project manager and led the Navy's High Energy Lasers Program in 1981 he was assigned all Navy Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced tech

The military services are being moved in the direction of performance-based specifications and standards. They are being steered against dictating ''how to'' produce an item since such action forecloses on the ability to gain access to components or technology that may have a commercial equivalent. Why should the engineering community embrace the new approach? Aside from the obvious weight of it being approved policy, therefore currently mandated, it warrants examination because it is the correct approach at this time when applied to appropriate products. Military specifications and standards are to be displaced then, by acceptable alternative contractor design solutions. Industry bidders will be allowed to propose the particular design details, permitting procurement flexibility by contractually citing only system level or interface requirements, both physical and functional. Hopefully, this can broaden the industrial base and increase competition with reduced costs to follow. Conceptually, the approach appears both performance-sensible and cost-attractive (there are, of course, consequent risks) but how does implementation proceed? Is it possible to pursue the goals envisioned along paths that are not in themselves experimental? Can the American postulate, minimal loss of life and limb to U.S. military people, continue to be honored? Experience and track record elsewhere imply encouraging possibilities in select situations-useful prospects are identified and discussed in practical terms.

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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