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THE MAINTENANCE engineering ANALYSIS, A VITAL LINK BETWEEN THE DESIGN ENGINEER AND FLEET SUPPORT

Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第1期86卷 84-94页

作者： MARCUCILLI, T.J. HENDRICKSON, M.L. Mr. Theodore J. Marcucilli received his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from New York University in 1954. He joined the then Bureau of Ships in the Internal Combustion Engines Branch later to be merged with the Gas Turbine Branch. He progressed through positions of increasing responsibility in the areas of RDT&E Acoustics Shock and Vibration and by June 1962 was in charge of the Machinery Division's efforts in support of Project SEAHAWK an advanced design ASW destroyer. In September 1963 he was designated as Project Manager for the Pressure Fired Boiler Program for seventeen DE's (1040 C1 DEG-1 C1 and AGDE-1). This assignment was the first known application of the Project Management concept in the Bureau of Ships. In June 1966 he was placed in charge of the Plans Policies and Procedures Branch in the Naval Ship Engineering Center and was responsible for the formulation and implementation of Acquisition Management policy and procedures. The following November he was appointed Branch Head for Propulsion Electrical and Auxiliaries Systems in the LHA Project (PMS 377) and has remained with the project from the pre-concept formulation phase through the current building period in the development and production phase. Mr. Marshall L. Hendrickson received his Bachelor's degree in Commerce from the University of Maryland and is presently enrolled in a Master's program in Government Procurement and Contract Administration at George Washington University. He has been involved in Navy Project Management Administration since January of 1963. Prior to that he had extensive Fleet experience as a Field Serivce Engineer for the Philco Corporation. Navy projects he has been associated with include the SPARROW and SIDE-WINDER Missiles the F-4 (Phantom) Series aircraft the Navy Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) System the LHA-1 Class Amphibious Assault Ship and the Ship and Air Systems Integration (SASI) Project. Presently he is the Division Director for Integrated Logistic Support on the SASI Pro

This paper discusses the Maintenance engineering Analyses (MEA) as performed in support of a major ship acquisition process. A major impetus is to demonstrate how the MEA can be utilized better to provide a direct data link between the design agent and the logistic support community to enhance Fleet operational effectiveness. A description of the overall MEA process is provided and several examples are used showing the type of design improvements realizable through an integration of the MEA process into the early stages of ship system design. © 1974 American Society of Naval Engineers

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ANALYSIS OF A MOVABLE BOUNDARY ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR A MULTISERVICE MULTIBEAM SATELLITE SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 299-312页

作者： BOHM, S ELHAKEEM, AK MURTHY, KMS HACHICHA, M KADOCH, M Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal H3A 1M8 Canada Was born in Montreal Canada on 14 September 1966. He received the B. Eng. degree in electrical engineering from Concordia University Montreal Canada in 1989. He is at present completing the M.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at Concordia University. (S'75–S'79–M'79–SM'86) received the Ph.D. degree from Southern Methodist University Dallas TX in 1979. He spent the next two years working as a Visiting Professor in Egypt after which he moved to Ottawa Canada in 1982. He assumed teaching and research positions in Carleton and Manitoba Univerities and later moved to Concordia University Montreal Canada in 1983 where he is now a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. He has published numerous papers in IEEE and international journals in the areas of spread spectrum and networking. He is a well-known expert in these areas and serves as a consultant to many companies. His current research interests include wide-band metropolitan networks switching architectures and performance of on-board multibeam satellites acquisitionless CDMA networks code distribution and orthogonalization of CDMA signals responsive congestion control for ATM-based networks ARQ techniques and investigation of the novel SUGAR CDMA systems in fading channels. Dr. Elhakeem is a Senior Member of the Canadian Electrical Engineering Society and Armed Forces Association. He has chaired numerous technical sessions in IEEE Conferences was the Technical Program Chairman for IEEE Montech 1986 Montreal Canada. Dr. Elhakeem is the key guest editor of theIEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communicationsfor the May June issues 1993 covering CDMA networks. Advanced Technology & Networks VISTAR Telecommunications Inc. Ottawa Ontario K1G 3J4 Canada . He is ITU's Specialist Consultant and Chief Advisor for a number of ITU/UNDP projects including VSATs Rural Networks Digital Broadc

In this paper, the performance of a new movable boundary accessing (MBA) technique for future integrated services multibeam satellite systems is studied. The multiservice environment considered includes both asynchronous and isochronous traffic consisting of video, voice, file transfer and interactive data. The movable boundary access technique proposed here will maximize the utilization of the up-link frame capacity. It is shown that the potential user population is substantially increased with the use of a moving boundary policy with minimal overhead.

关键词： MOVABLE BOUNDARY ACCESS TECHNIQUE MF-TDMA DAMA MULTIBEAM SATELLITE

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USE OF COMMERCIAL SPECIFICATIONS IN THE SHIPBUILDING PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第1期93卷 77-84页

作者： LISANBY, JW HAAS, J Rear Admiral James W. Lisanby USN: graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1950 at which time he received his B.S. degree and his commission as Ensign. Subseqeuntly he was ordered to Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received his advanced degree in Naval Engineering (Architecture) in 1956 and more recently additional training in the Harvard Business School's Management Training Program. An Engineering Duty Officer (ED) he has had wide experience in various assignments both afloat and ashore. From 1950 to 1952 he served in the USS Mississippi (AG-128) from 1952 to 1953 in the USS LST-887 and from 1959 to 1961 in the USS Antietam (CVS-36). Shore duty assignments have included Ship Superintendent at the Charleston Naval Shipyard (1956-59) Ship Material Officer Staff of Commander-in-Chief U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1961-63) Assistant for New Con struction in the Cruiser and Destroyer Branch (1963-65) at the former Naval Ship Systems Command (NA VSHIPS) Head of the Procurement and Production Branch Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project Office (1965-68) Director of Industrial Engineering Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy-Installations and Logistics (1968-69) and Executive Assistant to the Commander NAVSHIPS (1969-70). He then reported as Supervisor of Shipbuilding at Pascagoula Miss. with contract administration responsibilities for both the DD 963 and LHA 1 Class ship acquisitions. Returning to Wash ington in 1973 he completed a brief tour as Assistant for Ship Design in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and then served as Project Manager for the LHA Class of Amphibious Assault Ships (with headquarters in Washington D.C.) from 1974 until June 1977 at which time he assumed command of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC). With the merger ofNA VSEC on 1 October 1979 with its parent com mand the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) he as sumed his present duties as Deputy Commander for Ship Design and Integration NA VSEA. Rear Admiral Lisanby has been activ

This paper describes the method used by the Navy in the acquisition of ships, with particular reference to the some 2,500 documents referenced directly in the process. For such documents, initially mostly military, a concerted effort is underway to substitute “commercial specifications” where feasible. A comparison is made between the processing of military documents and industry standards. The paper then goes into details of available Industry Documents for materials and small items, noting the general absence for large items of machinery and equipment (and a possible solution). The use of “off-the-shelf” equipment also is discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages of both methods of specifying requirements. Finally, the paper summarizes the alternatives: maximum use of industry standards (either directly or indirectly); use of Commercial Item Descriptions where feasible; and retention of military documents where necessary (mission-critical systems, where marine ruggedness is required, and for truly military applications).

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Guidance on the use of complex systems models for economic evaluations of public health interventions

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HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023年第7期32卷 1603-1625页

作者： Breeze, Penny R. Squires, Hazel Ennis, Kate Meier, Petra Hayes, Kate Lomax, Nik Shiell, Alan Kee, Frank de Vocht, Frank O'Flaherty, Martin Gilbert, Nigel Purshouse, Robin Robinson, Stewart Dodd, Peter J. Strong, Mark Paisley, Suzy Smith, Richard Briggs, Andrew Shahab, Lion Occhipinti, Jo-An Lawson, Kenny Bayley, Thomas Smith, Robert Boyd, Jennifer Kadirkamanathan, Visakan Cookson, Richard Hernandez-Alava, Monica Jackson, Christopher H. Karapici, Amanda Sassi, Franco Scarborough, Peter Siebert, Uwe Silverman, Eric Vale, Luke Walsh, Cathal Brennan, Alan School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield UK British Medical Journal Technology Appraisal Group London UK MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Scotland UK School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK Department of Public Health LaTrobe University Melbourne Australia Centre for Public Health Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) Bristol UK Department of Public Health Policy and Systems University of Liverpool Liverpool UK CRESS University of Surrey Guildford UK Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Business School University of Newcastle Newcastle UK Lumanity-HEOR South Yorkshire Sheffield UK College of Medicine and Health University of Exeter Exeter UK London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Department of Behavioural Science and Health UCL London UK Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney New South Wales Camperdown Australia United Kingdom Health Security Agency Birmingham UK MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow UK Centre for Health Economics University of York Heslington UK MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK NIHR SPHR London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation Imperial College Business School London UK Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxfordshire Oxford UK Department of Public Health Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment UMIT TIROL - University for Health Sciences and Technology Hall in Tirol Tyrol Austria Division of Health Technology Assessment and Bioinformatics ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine Innsbruck Austria Center for Health Decision Science Departments of Epidemio

To help health economic modelers respond to demands for greater use of complex systems models in public health. To propose identifiable features of such models and support researchers to plan public health modeling projects using these models. A working group of experts in complex systems modeling and economic evaluation was brought together to develop and jointly write guidance for the use of complex systems models for health economic analysis. The content of workshops was informed by a scoping review. A public health complex systems model for economic evaluation is defined as a quantitative, dynamic, non-linear model that incorporates feedback and interactions among model elements, in order to capture emergent outcomes and estimate health, economic and potentially other consequences to inform public policies. The guidance covers: when complex systems modeling is needed;principles for designing a complex systems model;and how to choose an appropriate modeling technique. This paper provides a definition to identify and characterize complex systems models for economic evaluations and proposes guidance on key aspects of the process for health economics analysis. This document will support the development of complex systems models, with impact on public health systems policy and decision making.

关键词： complex systems economic modeling public health

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LESSONS LEARNED IN DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING IN FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 112-118页

作者： EDMONDO, PM MCCAMMON, PL Mr. Peter M. Edmondois presently Senior Human Factors Analyst for Sperry Systems Management. He was an Engineering Psychologist in the Shipboard Manning and Automation Program at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center during the period addressed in the paper. His major responsibility was that of Operations Trials Director for the Integrated Bridge System. Previous employment has been with the Department of Psychology Naval Medical Research Institute (1963–1965) and as Senior Project Scientist in the Human Engineering and Systems Effectiveness Branch. DTNSRDC (1962–1972). Mr. Edmondo who has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Boston College Chestnut Hill Mass. is a member of the Human Factors Society and a member of ASNE since 1969. USN Cdr. Peter L. McCammon USNreceived his BS degree from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1962 his BSEE degree from the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif and his MS degree from The Johns Hopkins University. He also graduated from the Naval War College with high distinction upon completion of the Naval Command Course and is currently serving as the Executive Officer USS Dale (CG—19). Prior to his present assignment he served as Engineer Officer USS Wallace L. Lind (DD—703) and USS Biddle (CG—34) and as Commanding Officer USS Graham County (AGP—1176) with additional duties as Commander Patrol Division 21 consisting of the Graham County and four patrol combatants (missiles). His significant shore assignments have included duty as an Instructor U. S. Naval Academy as Staff member U. S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam and as Project Officer Shipboard Manning and Automation Program DTNSRDC. Cdr. McCammon's military decorations include the Bronze Star Medal the Joint Service Commendation Medal and the Navy Commendation Medal.

Developmental tests have been conducted in the Fleet to demonstrate concepts for reducing man—hoars required to perform certain shipboard functions while maintaining or improving effectiveness. Experiences during the Preparation, Conduct, and Reporting of the tests are described including the CNO Pilot program for Reduced Bridge Manning; Integrated Bridge System (IBS); Facilities Maintenance (housekeeping); Wireless Communications During Damage Control Evolutions; and the Ship Contrblman. Areas discussed include system design and interface requirements; elements that go into tests designed for shipboard evaluation; approval requirements to conduct such tests; how to get Fleet Support in terms of personnel and assets; logistics and training requirements; and finally, what Fleet testing buys that other means do not.

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Sea Surface Wind Structure in the Outer Region of Tropical Cyclones Observed by Wave Gliders

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2023年第3期128卷 e2022JD037235-e2022JD037235页

作者： Tian, Di Zhang, Han Wang, Shuai Zhang, Wenyan Sun, Xiujun Zhou, Ying Zheng, Gang Jiang, Han Yang, Shili Zhou, Feng State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou China Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems Ministry of Natural Resources Zhoushan China Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology Ministry of Damage the Coastal Ecosystem Natural Resources Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai China Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Geesthacht Germany Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao China Institute for Advanced Ocean Study Ocean University of China Qingdao China Beijing Meteorological Observation Centre Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing China Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China

Understanding the sea surface wind structure during tropical cyclones (TCs) is the key for study of ocean response and parameterization of air-sea surface in numerical simulation. However, field observations are scarce. In 2019, three wave gliders were deployed in the South China Sea and the adjacent Western Pacific region, which acquired sea surface wind structure of eight TCs. Analysis of the field data suggests that the wave glider-observed surface winds are consistent with most analysis/reanalysis data (i.e., ERA5, Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Global Data Assimilation System) and Soil Moisture Active Passive. Both wave glider observations and analysis/reanalysis data indicate that TC wind fields induce an obvious increase in speed toward the sea surface together with a sharp change in direction, showing an asymmetric wind structure which is sensitive to TC translation speed and intensity. Larger mean values of wind speed and inflow angle are located on the right side along TC tracks. The inflow angle shows a highly dynamic dependence on the radial distance from the TC center, the TC intensity, as well as the TC-relative azimuth. Comparisons between field observations and theoretical models indicate that the most widely used, ideal TC wind profile models can largely represent the observed sea surface wind structure, but generally underestimate the wind speed due to lack of consideration of background wind. Moreover, simple ideal models (e.g., the modified Rankine vortex model) may outperform complex models when accurate information of TCs is limited. Wave glider observations have potential for better understanding of air-sea exchanges and for improvements of the corresponding parameterization schemes. © 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： ideal wind model inflow angle sea surface wind tropical cyclone wave glider

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THE FFG 7 CLASS DESIGN IMPACT BY INSURV TRIALS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 87-100页

作者： WOODRUFF, RB The authorgraduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with distinction in 1964. He served initially in theUSS Davis (DD-937)as Main Propulsion Assistant attended the Naval Destroyer School and then was a member of the Pre-Commissioning Crew and Engineer Officer in theUSS Julius A. Furer (DEG-6).Selected as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) in 1968 he had a tour in the Maintenance Department Staff of Commander Cruisr-Destroyer Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet at Newport R.I. after which he attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate studies which culminated in his receiving his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his degree of Ocean Engineer in 1972. Following graduation he was assigned to the Boston Naval Shipyard followed by two years in theUSS Puget Sound (AD-38)as Repair Officer after which he was ordered to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard as the Production Engineering Officer. Currently he is on duty in the Naval Sea Systems Command (PMS 399) where he is the Trials Officer and Hull Technical Director for theOliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7)Class Acquisition Program. Cdr. Woodruff is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and among his military decorations holds the Naval Achievement Medal and the Vietnamese Meritorious Unit Citation Gallantry Cross. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1967 he is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute. Two previous papers on Naval Shipyard Production presented at ASNE Day 1978 and 1979 were published in the Naval Engineers Journal Vol. 90 No. 2 (April 1978) and Vol. 91 No. 2 (April 1979). A paper on the Management of Surface Ship Maintenance was published in theNaval Engineers JournalDecember 1980.

This paper describes the impact made on the OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG 7) Class design after numerous trials by the President, Board of Inspection and Survey and his Staff. In the early 1970s, faced with a Fleet of World War II Destroyers, the Navy embarked on a program to build large numbers of Frigates to perform an Ocean Escort role. This ship had three major design constraints placed on it by Chief of Naval Operations (CNO): fixed meaning, fixed displacement, and fixed cost or “designed to cost.” The purpose of this paper is to pass on some “lessons learned.” The acid test of any ship design is how well it does with the Fleet in regard to performance and reliability. How well has the “design-constrained” FFG-7 fared with 20 plus ship trials under its belt? Very well in some areas; not so well in others. Examples of the good aspects of this ship design (LM 2500 and main propulsion train, Standard Option Equipment, et cetera) as well as those which must be considered poor will be addressed. Some examples of the latter are the “breezeway” cargo doors, ship's service diesel generators, MK 92 Combat systems, decontamination stations, and topside corrosion control. In many cases INSURV caused design changes to be made that were sorely needed; in other cases, changes were made (or not made) over issues that had little or no impact on making this ship more ready for war. A brief examination of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) surface ship design policies is made from the point of view of the Trials Officer (the Author) who rode most of the trials with PRESINSURV. Some of the issues addressed: •Improved NAVSEA corporate memory between ship designs. •Longer Acceptance Trial for Lead Ship. •Early deployment of Lead Ship without TECHREPS. •Improved NAVSEA/INSURV/CNO communication on Trial/Technical Issues and insertion of INSURV early into the design process. •Need for NAVSEA to stand up and say “no” to costly design changes that do little to make for a better warship.

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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THE ENERGY PROBLEM AND DEFENSE

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第1期86卷 19-27页

作者： SONENSHEIN, RADM. NATHAN USN The author graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in the Class of 1938. His work has included instruction in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to a Master of Science degree in 1944 and the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Graduate School of Business in 1964. As an Engineering Duty Officer (EDO) he has served in various Navy commands including the Mare Island Naval Shipyard the former New York Naval Shipyard the USS Philippine Sea (CVA-47) during the Korean War as Chief Engineer and CINCPACFLT and COMSERVPAC Staffs as Fleet and Force Maintenance Officer. Within the Naval Ship Systems Command and its predecessor BUSHIPS his duties have included Director of the Facilities Division Head of the Hull Design Branch Director of the Ship Design Division Assistant Chief for Design Shipbuilding and Fleet Maintenance and as Commander Naval Ship Systems Command from 1969 until 1972. Other duties have included an assignment as the Project Manager for the Navy's Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project from 1965 to 1967 Deputy Chief of Naval Material for Logistic Support from 1967 to 1969 and Chairman of the Naval Material Command Shipbuilding Council which commenced upon completion of his tour as Commander NAVSHIPS in 1972. On 4 September 1973 he was appointed Director of the Defense Energy Task Group (DETG) and subsequently on 15 November 1973 as Director of Energy for the Department of Defense. A former President of ASNE from 1970 to 1971 he is currently Vice-President of the American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. In addition he is a member of the honorary engineering society Sigma Xi and listed among those in Who's Who in America.

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The impact of climate change on global wheat production

The impact of climate change on global wheat production

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第七届国际作物科学大会

作者： S.Asseng P.Martre A.Maiorano R.P.Rtter G.O'Leary G.Fitzgerald C.Girousse M.A.Baber M.P.Reynolds A.M.S.Kheir P.J.Thorburn K.Waha A.C.Ruane P.K.Aggarwal M.Ahmed J.Balkovic B.Basso A.Berger C.Biernath M.Bindi D.Cammarano A.J.Challinor G.De Sanctis J.Doltra B.Dumont E.Eyshi Rezaei E.Fereres R.Ferrise M.Garcia-Vila S.Gayler G.Hoogenboom R.C.Izaurralde M.Jabloun C.D.Jones B.T.Kassie K.C.Kersebaum C.Klein A.K.Koehler B.Liu S.Minoli M.Montesino San Martin C.Muller S.Naresh Kumar C.Nendel J.E.Olesen T.Palosuo J.R.Porter E.Priesack D.Ripoche M.A.Semenov C.Stockle P.Stratonovitch T.Streck I.Supit F.Tao M.Van der Velde D.Wallach E.Wang H.Webber J.Wolf P.Woli Z.Zhang Y.Zhu F.Ewert Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department University of Florida UMR GDEC INRAUniversite Blaise Pascal World Food Crops Breeding(wheat & oat) 3105 McCarty Hall BDepartment of AgronomyIFASUniversity of Florida CIMMYT Int.Adpo D.F.Mexico CSIRO Agriculture Flagship CSIRO Queensland Biosci Precinct St Lucia CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food SecurityInternational Water Management Institute Biological Systems Engineering Washington State University Department of agronomy PMAS Arid Agriculture University Comenius University Faculty of Natural ScienceDepartment of Soil Science Department of Geological Sciences Michigan State University W.K.Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences(DISPAA) University of Florence Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Leeds CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food SecurityInternational Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES University of Bonn IAS-CSIC and University of Cordoba Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Texas A&M University Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research University of Copenhagen Department of Plant & Environmental Science Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture Indian Agricultural Research InstituteIARI PUSA University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute INRA US1116 AgroClim Computational and Systems Biology Department Rothamsted Research Plant Production Systems & Earth System Science Wageningen University Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natu

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project has shown that many wheat crop models can simulate grain yields and growth dynamics under a range of growing conditions,but simulation results often *** model uncertainties increase with higher temperatures and with combined increased temperature and CO,however,multi-model ensemble medians have proven with field observations to be a good predictor of observed data under various growing *** multi-model ensemble median simulations showed that global wheat production declines by 6% for each degree of global temperature *** simulated impact is similar to temperature impact assessments using statistical regression methods with aggregated farm *** on the temperature impact study,new simulations of increased temperature were combined with elevated CO and rainfall changes to assess their impact on yield and protein and included the possible role of genetic adaptations to climate change at local,regional and global scales.

关键词： Global foods security Climate change Adaptation Wheat

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