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OUT-OF-PRODUCTION MICRO-ELECTRONICS - AN ACHILLES HEEL OF DEFENSE systems

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 69-72页

作者： MACKENZIE, CM WOOTTEN, R HOY, K NEELY, J KOSCO, D SMITH, W C. Malcolm Mackenzie:is the Materials and Parts Availability Control program manager at U.S. Army Laboratory Command Adelphi Md. Mr. Mackenzie has a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Northwestern University an M.S. degree in the same field from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from East Texas State University. Richard Wootten:is project officer of the U.S. Army Material Command's Materials and Parts Availability Control Information Data System Project Adelphi Md. Mr. Wootten holds an associate's degree in mechanical engineering from Northern Virginia Community College and a Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering from The University of Alabama. Kevin Hoy:is manager of the Microelectronics Obsolescence Management Program at the Naval Avionics Center Indianapolis. Mr. Hoy holds both bachelor and master of science degrees in mathematics from Purdue University. James Neely:is leader of the Materials Management Team Industrial Materials Division in the Directorate of Manufacturing Air Force Systems Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Neely holds a bachelor's degree in political science from The University of Georgia and a master of science degree in public administration from The University of Missouri. Don Kosco:is an electronics engineer currently involved with introducing new technologies into weapons systems. He is in the Directorate of Reliability Maintainability and Technology Policy HQ Air Force Logistics Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Kosco holds a bachelor of engineering degree from Widener University a master's in systems engineering from The Air Force Institute of Technology and an MBA from the University of Texas at San Antonio. William Smith:is head of the Plans Branch in the Office of Policy and Plans Defense Electronics Supply Center (DESC) Dayton Ohio. He was for many years manager ofDESC's Diminishing Manufacturing Sources (DMS) Program. Mr. Smith holds a bachelor of arts degree in political science from Indiana University.

Both the timely manufacture of defense systems and their subsequent on-line operability depend upon the availability of component parts. The growing problem of microelectronic component nonavailability is casting a shadow over logistics support to these systems. This paper will discuss the causes of the problem and provide some examples of cases confronted by the DoD logistics community. It will also identify some actions which have been taken in the past to manage the issue as well as initiatives now underway. Finally it will look at what lies ahead.

关键词： Microelectronics

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COST MINIMIZATION DURING 2ND SOURCING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第1期100卷 36-44页

作者： GWOZDZ, F Has over 17 years of experience working in defense and non-defense industries. He is presently a project manager with INFOrmed TECHnology an engineering consulting firm located in Lanham Maryland. His responsibilities include cost analysis and modeling economic and financial studies of weapons systems and special projects. Previously Mr. Gwozdz held a corporate position with Kennametal Defense Products where he developed and implemented a turn-key manufacturing plant improved and modified manufacturing processes analyzed production operations and resolved cost and productivity problems. As the plant engineer for a Union Carbide facility he personally developed a cost savings program generating $500000 per year. With Booz-Allen & Hamilton he developed government positions on labor cost for two shipyard claims totaling over $2 billion. Mr. Gwozdz has a B.S. in aeronautical engineering and management engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an M.B.A. from the University of New Haven.

This study attempts to develop strategies to minimize the negative cost impacts associated with selecting and awarding second source contracts. A number of factors are presented that may impact costs when second sources are used. Eight methods for determining sizes of prime and second source competitive award splits are reviewed. The analysis also includes an historical and economic overview. Economic market conditions are reviewed and applied to second sourcing. Finally, conclusions are formulated about minimizing costs, countering economic market conditions, and contractor gaming.

关键词： MILITARY engineering

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NAVAL SHIP DESIGN - EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 40-52页

作者： TIBBITTS, BF KEANE, RG RIGGINS, RJ Captain Barry Tibbitts USN: was graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1956 and subsequently served as a gunnery division officer in an attack aircraft carrier and as gunnery officer operations officer and chief engineer in two diesel submarines. He attended MIT from 1962–1965 earning a master of science in mechanical engineering and a naval engineers degree. Early assignments as an engineering duty officer included SRF Yokosuka CINCPACFLT staff and SupShip Pascagoula. From 1976 to 1987 he served in a variety of senior ship design assignments: CVV ship design manager director NAVSEC Hull and Ship Design Divisions director NavSea Ship Design Management and Integration Office commander David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center and director NavSea Ship Design Group. Recently retired but recalled to active duty he is the professor of naval construction and engineering at MIT. He has received seven personal decorations including two Legion of Merit awards. Robert G. Keane Jr.:is currently the deputy director of the NavSea Ship Design Group. He has been employed by NavSea and its predecessor organizations for over twenty years. He is a graduate of The Johns Hopkins University from which he received his B.E.S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1962. He received his M.E. degree in mechanical engineering in 1967 from Stevens Institute of Technology and in 1970 his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Mr. Keane held increasingly responsible design positions involving ship arrangements hull equipment hull form and hydrodynamic performance before being selected in 1981 for the Senior Executive Service to be director of the Naval Architecture Subgroup. Following an assignment at the David Taylor Research Center as assistant for transition of ship engineering technology he served as director of the Ship Survivability Subgroup until assuming his current position in 1985. He is an active member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Robert Riggins:received a B.S. in mechanical

Some fairly radical changes to the naval ship design process occurred during the 1970s. The decade of the 80s has also witnessed a steady stream of changes. One of the most significant was the establishment of the Ship Characteristics Improvement Board (SCIB) in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav), and the resulting influence on the dialog between the military requirements decision makers and the Navy's ship designers. Other changes have occurred for which the impacts are less clear. These include establishment of the chief engineer of the Navy (ChEng) position, creation of the Space and Naval Warfare systems Command (SpaWar) and OpNav's “Revolution at Sea” initiative. This paper will describe and discuss these and other changes, and comment on the resultant impact. The authors will attempt to present a global view of the total pattern of changes and try to discern if we are on a path of revolution, or merely normal evolution.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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SIMPLIFICATION OF GAS-TURBINE INTAKE ANTI-ICE systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第1期100卷 45-52页

作者： EXELL, JR KILLINGER, A LCdr. John R. Excell: USN received a bachelor of architecture from the University of Michigan and a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the U. S. Navy Postgraduate School. He was commissioned in 1973 serving first as damage control assistant aboard USSGuadalcanal(LPH-7) and later as commissioning main propulsion assistant on USSMerrill(DD-976). He became an engineering duty officer in 1979 and served at Norfolk Naval Shipyard as senior ship superintendent for six ships and later within the shipyard Design Department. In May 1984 LCdr. Exell was assigned to the DD-963 Class Special Projects Office as program manager for air system improvements including the bleed air and anti-ice systems. He recently completed the Defense Systems Management College Ft. Belvoir VA and returned to NavSea PMS 377 as deputy for strategic sealift programs. Arthur Killinger:graduated from the University of Maryland in 1968 with a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering. He joined MPR Associates Inc. working on submarine safety design reviews following the loss of USSScorpion(SSN 589). After two years in the U.S. Army Nuclear Reactor Program and a year as U.S. Army engineer maintenance advisor in the Republic of Vietnam he returned to MPR Associates Inc. in 1972. Since then he has worked on nuclear power plant projects for several electric utilities as well as submarine and surface ship overhaul and maintenance improvement programs for the U.S. Navy. Mr. Killinger is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This paper describes the steps taken to simplify the gas turbine intake anti-ice systems on DD-963 and DDG-993 class ships. The anti-ice system was designed and built as fully-automatic protection against intake duct icing on main propulsion turbines and electric generator turbines. Operating experience with the system indicated that it was nonfunctional more than 60% of the time. The system's poor availability was caused by its complexity, lack of use, lack of spare parts, poor training and documentation, and design and material problems. A Navy Independent Design Review Team (IDRT) reexamined the technical bases for installing an automatic anti-ice system and demonstrated that automatic control was not necessary for gas turbine intake duct anti-icing. A series of design review calculations and shipboard tests confirmed that anti-icing protection could be provided by manual control of installed butterfly valves feeding hot air to each turbine intake. The time from the IDRT design simplification recommendations to the first modification of the anti-ice system was less than one year. To date, half of the 30 of the 35 ships in the two classes have been modified. This system simplification will result in life cycle maintenance cost savings in excess of 13 million dollars. Future CG-47 class and DDG-51 class ships will include this simplified approach to anti-ice system design for gas turbine intakes.

关键词： GAS TURBINES

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NTDS - A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 53-61页

作者： SWENSON, EN MAHINSKE, EB STOUTENBURGH, JS Capt. Erick N. Swenson USNR (Ret.):is a project manager for special projects in the Surface Ship Systems Division Hughes Aircraft Company Fullerton Calif where he has been employed since his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1975. Originally trained as an electronics technician during WWII in the Captain Eddy program he later received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester Rochester N. Y. in 1950. Subsequent engineering education was received at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Penn. and the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. After commissioning he was ordered to duty as the electronics division officer on the USSMissouri(BB-63) and electronics ships superintendent at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco Calif. When the design of the Naval Tactical Data System began in the mid-1950s Lt. (j.g.) Swenson was ordered to the Bureau of Ships Navy Department Washington D.C. as the junior engineering duty only officer assigned to the project. From 1962 to 1965 LCdr. Swenson was assigned as the BuShips technical representative on the program at Remington Rand Univac St. Paul Minn. For the next ten years he returned to BuShips/NavSea/NAVSEC as the NTDS project officer. During this time the project expanded considerably foreign military sales were heavily involved and interoperability with other services and countries were established. His final effort on active duty was to instigate the redesign of the previousSpruanceclass destroyers into the newerAdmiral Kiddclass improvement program. He is a registered professional electrical engineer in the State of California listed inWho's Who in the Worldis a life member of ASNE and chairman of the Long Beach/Greater LA Section. Capt. Edmund B. Mahinske USN (Ret.):is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval Academy the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School. His technical background is in electronics and he specialized in the management of programs involving the application of comp

A little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large-scale, high-speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off-the-shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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IMPROVED LOGISTICS SUPPORT THROUGH STANDARDIZATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第2期100卷 40-46页

作者： KINNEY, ET CONSTANT, AE Edward T. Kinney:is presently director of the Machinery Group Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from Michigan State University in 1952 and joined the Bureau of Ships Engineer-In-Training Program. Mr. Kinney has held a variety of technical and senior management positions in NavSea and the Naval Material Command. He has authored a number of technical articles and papers and has been a contributing author to the Naval Engineers Journal. He is a past president of the Association of Scientists and Engineers and holds membership in ASNE SNAME Federal Conference of Environmental Engineers and ASME and is chairman of the ASME Shipbuilding Standards Machinery Committee. Alexander E. Constant:is a native of Newport Rhode Island and a graduate of Pennsylvania Military College from which he received his BS degree in civil engineering in 1960. After two years with the U.S. Forest Service working in civil sanitary engineering designing recreational facilities he joined the Vermont Water Resources Department as a project engineer. He was recruited by the Navy in 1966 and he accepted a position in the Piping Systems Branch where he attained the position of director. At present he is head of the Auxiliary Equipment Division Naval Sea Systems Command where for the past six years he has been responsible for the design operation maintenance and life cycle support for the majority of the U.S. Navy's shipboard auxiliary equipment. He has been a member of U.S. and international committees on standardization and has been a delegate representing the U.S. at several meetings throughout the world.

This paper presents improvements in logistics support of hull, mechanical, and electrical (HM&E) components through standardization to the piece part level. The process of component standardization is outlined and compared with traditional HM&E acquisition approaches. The impact of standardization on logistics support is presented with case examples cited to graphically demonstrate how logistics improvements are derived. The paper also presents standardization costs and benefit analyses. A compelling case for increased HM&E standardization efforts is made from a logistics improvement perspective.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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HISTORY OF COAST-GUARD SURFACE EFFECT SHIP PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 237-250页

作者： LARIMER, G MCCOLLUM, J SCHAUB, B VANLIEW, D WHIPPLE, C Gary Larimer:received his B.S. (1974) and M.S. (1975) degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. He has worked with the Bechtel Professional Corporation the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and the United States Coast Guard. He is a member of SNAME ASNE ABYC and IMTI. He is the author of “Reaction Fin Applications In Marine Propulsion” which documented the use of asymmetric pre-swirl vanes to increase propulsion efficiency aboard a 41-ft Coast Guard utility boat. It was presented on 5 March 1987 at the Hampton Roads section of SNAME and was nominated for the section paper of the year award. CWO3 Joe Bobby McCollum USCG: iscurrently engineering officer of the Surface Effect Ship Division Seventh Coast Guard District Key West Florida. Prior to this assignment he was assistant engineering officer on the USCGCUte.His other duty tours included engineering assignments on theCape Currenta 95-foot patrol boat on the USCGCUnimak a 311-foot cutter CG Loran Station Upolo Point Hawaii and CG Station Sabine Pass Texas. CWO McCollum was responsible for modifying and repairing the SESs and contributed many unique problem solving ideas which resulted in much improved operation of the Coast Guard Surface Effect Ship Division. Benton H. Schaub:is a senior engineer with Maritime Dynamics Inc. He has a bachelor of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Schaub has fifteen years of experience working as a test engineer project engineer and design engineer on advanced marine vehicle projects and is a recognized authority in the areas of hull structure seal system and machinery design for surface effect ships. He has participated in virtually every USN SES design development and test evaluation program including: XR-5 XR-10 SES-100A SES-100A1 and the SES-200. He is currently responsible for performing detailed design and analysis in support of the seal system for the Germa

During the early 1980s the United States Coast Guard took delivery of three surface effect ships (SES) from Bell Halter, Inc. These 136-ton, 30-knot plus, aluminum hulled cutters were to be used primarily for drug interdiction in the southeastern United States. By early 1985, however, the full load weight of these cutters had grown to 150 long tons, and their top speed had dropped to below 23 knots in calm water. By mid-1985, operation of all three SESs was suspended to prevent possible catastrophic failure of their main engines. At this point, the USCG joined ranks with Textron Marine systems (then Bell Aerospace), and Detroit Diesel to analyze what had gone wrong, and to propose solutions to the problems encountered. From that beginning, the performance of the Coast Guard's SESs has steadily and dramatically improved until at present all three cutters are able to exceed their original performance specifications. This paper discusses the problems experienced with the SESs, including engine overloading, vibration, ride quality, seal wear, poor lift system performance, and metal cracking, along with the corrective actions taken to solve them. The cooperation between government and private industry, which made this dramatic turn-around in performance possible, is also explored. Lessons learned about SES technology are viewed in relation to the general experience of the Coast Guard with other types of high performance hull forms.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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CENTENNIAL BANQUET ADDRESS

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Naval Engineers Journal 1988年第4期100卷 95-97页

作者： COSTELLO, ROBERT B. UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (ACQUISITION) Robert B. Costello was nominated by President Reagan to be Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) in 1987 was confirmed by the Senate and took oath of office in December 1987. Born in New Rochelle New York on June 21 1926 Dr. Costello earned his B.C.E. and M.C.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1947 and 1948. He received a Ph.D. in civil engineering from Cornell University in 1951. Dr. Costello enlisted in the Navy in 1944 was recalled to active duty as an officer during the Korean War and retired from the Naval Reserve with the rank of captain in 1978. After the Korean War Dr. Costello held a number of positions in advanced research and management specializing in material science aerospace missile testing and engineering. In 1960 Dr. Costello joined the Allison Division of General Motors as Chief of Missile Engineering. Subsequently he con- ducted scientific research in deep ocean engineering and acoustic research at the Defense Research Laboratories. He holds numerous patents in deep ocean materials systems and instrumentation. Dr. Costello then returned to the Allison Division as Director Liabon for the Main Battle Tank Program. Dr. Costello was then assigned to the Delco Electronics Division where he became the Director of Materials Management. In I982 Dr. Costello was appointed the Executive Director Purchasing Activities. for the entire General Motors Corporation. He was responsible for providing new directions and implementing a broad range of new programs throughout General Motors and its suppliers worldwide. He was nominated by President Reagan to be Assbtant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics) in October I986 and took oath of office in March 1987. He held thb position until his current appointment.

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AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT systems-engineering PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 218-226页

作者： JUDSON, HM ASCHOFF, GR NEWCOMB, JW Dr. Harlow M. Judson:is the technical director for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. He received the Ph.D E. E. degree from Michigan State University in 1964 and has served in a variety of management and technical positions with Rockwell International since 1968. Dr. Judson's military service was aboard submarines from 1952–1956. Gerald R. Aschoff:is the engineering manager for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. He received the M.A. degree in mathematics from California State University at Fullerton in 1972 and has served in a variety of management and technical positions with Rockwell International since 1967. Mr. Aschoff's forte is in the area of electromagnetic effects upon electronic systems. John W. Newcomb:is the program manager for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. His twenty years of professional experience include a three-year tour as an engineering duty officer attached to SupShip 3 in Brooklyn New York. Civil service experience includes positions with DTNSRDC NAVSEC Preliminary Design Division and NAVSEA ‘s Aegis Shipbuilding Project office. Since joining Rockwell International in 1976 he has filled a number of project engineering and program management assignments dealing with ship design engineering and acquisition. Mr. Newcomb holds a B. S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from Webb Institute and an M. B. A. from George Washington University. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME.

engineering processes, for the integration of topside electromagnetic environment and EM subsystems performance engineering into the mainstream of surface ship engineering, are presented and discussed in this paper. The engineering procedures and tasks pertaining to ship EM systems engineering must be tailored to the several stages of the life cycle, but all contain a core of activities covering performance-based EM suite selection and topside arrangement design, which is based on EM environment and performance vs. requirements analysis. These core activities are presented and discussed as they apply to all life cycle design stages. Several recent fleet EMI problems are briefly discussed for the insight they provide relative to the EM portions of the current design process, and conclusions regarding how the proposed procedures address current deficiencies are included.

关键词： ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

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Relaxation techniques for strictly convex network problems

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Annals of Operations Research 1986年第1-4期5卷 517-538页

作者： Zenios, S.A. Mulvey, J.M. Engineering-Management Systems Program Civil Engineering Department Princeton University Princeton 08544 New Jersey United States

Gauss-Seidel type relaxation techniques are applied in the context of strictly convex pure networks with separable cost functions. The algorithm is an extension of the Bertsekas-Tseng approach for solving the linear network problem and its dual as a pair of monotropic programming problems. The method is extended to cover the class of generalized network problems. Alternative internal tactics for the dual problem are examined. Computational experiments -aimed at the improved efficiency of the algorithm - are presented. © 1986 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： dual coordinate descent Networks nonlinear programming relaxation

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