In January 2018 the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) issued its third edition of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER). It reflects the consensus of ISECG space agencies on a common strategy a...
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In January 2018 the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) issued its third edition of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER). It reflects the consensus of ISECG space agencies on a common strategy and roadmap for expanding human presence into the Solar System, with the surface of Mars as the long-term goal. After rapid advances in agency lunar planning for human exploration, corresponding science goals and technology development strategies, the GER was augmented in 2020 with a Lunar Surface Exploration Scenario Update ('GER Supplement'). Since then, many ISECG space agencies have intensified and accelerated lunar exploration plans. These rapidly evolving exploration plans, coupled with several new agency participants in the ISECG, necessitated an update to the Lunar Supplement. This new 2022 GER Supplement refines lunar objectives and includes the newly joined ISECG organisations and updates to agency lunar exploration plans. It also includes a refined set of common objectives for a sustainable lunar surface exploration campaign and the updated Lunar Surface Exploration Scenario. The scenario describes the architecture elements and the exploration campaign that progressively meet the lunar surface exploration objectives serving as preparation for missions to Mars and for further activities on the Moon. The update elaborates and consolidates the operational concept for the near-term Phase 2 preparing sustainable lunar exploration. Key elements for achieving higher levels of sustainability are longer surface missions by surviving the lunar night, and the introduction of reusable elements. The 2022 GER Supplement also includes a new chapter, which characterizes lunar scientific priorities enabled by exploration initiatives. Significant progress has been made in the related technology domain gap assessments, in particular the potential of in-situ resource utilisation, including the use of regolith and water ice on the lunar surface, which may create o
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