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STATISTICAL ISSUES ANd PROBLEMS IN GROUNd-WATER dETECTION MONITORING AT HAZARdOUS-WASTE FACILITIES

GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1988年第4期8卷 135-150页

作者： MCNICHOLS, RJ dAVIS, CB Roger J. McNichols is a professor of industrial engineering at the University of Toledo (Department of Industrial Engineering University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his Ph.D in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University he joined the faculty of Texas A and M University where he directed the Maintainability Engineering Graduate Program at Red River Army Depot. At UT he has served as associate dean of engineering and as chairman of the Systems engineering doctoral program. His research and consulting interests include reliability quality control manufacturing mathematical modeling and applied statistics. Charles B. Davis is an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Toledo (Department of Mathematics University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his M.S. in mathematics and statistics and his Ph.D. in statistics from the University of New Mexico he joined the Mathematics Department at UT where he established the graduate program in statistics. His research and consulting interests include statistical modeling statistical computation simultaneous inference and data analysis.

Ground water monitoring presents interesting statistical challenges, including controlling the risk of entering compliance monitoring, incorporating all modes of inherent variability into the statistical model on which tests are based, and taming the detection limit problem, all while maintaining demonstrable sensitivity to real contamination. Some of these challenges exceed textbook statistics considerably, even when considered alone, and good solutions are scarce. When these challenges are combined, the task of developing good statistical procedures or good regulations can be formidable. This article presents a number of realities of ground water monitoring that should be considered when developing statistical procedures. Recommendations made for addressing these realities include the following: (1) the false positive rate should be controlled on a facility-wide basis, rather than per well or per parameter as required in the proposed regulation (40 CFR §264); (2) multiple comparisons with control procedures are preferable to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for controlling the overall false positive rate; (3) retests can be made an explicit part of the statistical procedure in order to increase power and decrease sensitivity to distribution shape assumptions; (4) commonly used simple methods of handling below detection limit data with parametric tests, including Cohen's procedure as implemented in the U.S. EPA's Technical Enforcement Guidance document (TEGd), should probably be avoided; (5) the statistical properties of practical quantitation limits for non-naturally occurring compounds should be studied carefully; and (6) so long as the facility-wide false positive rate is controlled, better sensitivity to real contamination is obtained by monitoring fewer well-chosen parameters at a smaller number of well-chosen locations. An evaluation of the proposed revised §264 regulation with respect to these realities reveals that it seems to be a definite improvement over the

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ROCKET MOTOR dESIGN FOR UNdERWATER SHOCK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 215-225页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B.A. degree in science (physics) from the Slate College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast and dynamical response since 1965 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USSIowaclass battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He has been involved in the development of Standard missile and its launching systems since 1969. He participated in the design of shock tests for the Mk 104 rocket motor and analyzed the data. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of Standard missile, impulsive loads are applied to the missiles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for Standard missile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar missile to the latest version of Standard missile. As the weight of the missile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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CENTENNIAL BANQUET AddRESS

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Naval Engineers Journal 1988年第4期100卷 95-97页

作者： COSTELLO, ROBERT B. UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (ACQUISITION) Robert B. Costello was nominated by President Reagan to be Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) in 1987 was confirmed by the Senate and took oath of office in December 1987. Born in New Rochelle New York on June 21 1926 Dr. Costello earned his B.C.E. and M.C.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1947 and 1948. He received a Ph.D. in civil engineering from Cornell University in 1951. Dr. Costello enlisted in the Navy in 1944 was recalled to active duty as an officer during the Korean War and retired from the Naval Reserve with the rank of captain in 1978. After the Korean War Dr. Costello held a number of positions in advanced research and management specializing in material science aerospace missile testing and engineering. In 1960 Dr. Costello joined the Allison Division of General Motors as Chief of Missile Engineering. Subsequently he con- ducted scientific research in deep ocean engineering and acoustic research at the Defense Research Laboratories. He holds numerous patents in deep ocean materials systems and instrumentation. Dr. Costello then returned to the Allison Division as Director Liabon for the Main Battle Tank Program. Dr. Costello was then assigned to the Delco Electronics Division where he became the Director of Materials Management. In I982 Dr. Costello was appointed the Executive Director Purchasing Activities. for the entire General Motors Corporation. He was responsible for providing new directions and implementing a broad range of new programs throughout General Motors and its suppliers worldwide. He was nominated by President Reagan to be Assbtant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics) in October I986 and took oath of office in March 1987. He held thb position until his current appointment.

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16-IN GUN BLAST ANd THE BATTLESHIP REACTIVATION program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 227-238页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B. A. degree in science (physics) from the State College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M. S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast since 1965 at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USS Iowa class battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Reactivated and modernized USS Iowa class battleships employ many new systems, none of which were designed to withstand blast from 16-inch guns. Placement of the new equipment was driven by the need to impose the smallest possible restrictions on the guns. The design problem was complicated by two factors: first, the blast overpressure field surrounding the gun had not been accurately measured with modern instruments. Second, the blast overpressure tolerance of several important systems was unknown. The problem was solved through judicious placement of the equipment so that work could begin on the ship. Meanwhile the pressure surrounding a 16-inch gun was measured at the dahlgren Laboratory. Mathematical functions describing the blast field were then used to design shipboard experiments in which the guns were fired at progressively more severe angles of train and elevation, while the equipment performance was carefully monitored. Four sets of shipboard experiments were required. Limiting values for the firing arcs have been determined, and the consequences of exceeding the recommended limits are now known.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF A WEAPONS SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 239-248页

作者： BAILEY, JL The authoris an operations research analyst in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC). Dr. Bailey received a B. S. degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964 a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Tennessee in 1968 and an M. S. in computer science from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1975. He was an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Tennessee during the 1968-69 academic year then came to NSWC/Dahlgren in September 1969. He worked as an operations research analyst in mine warfare from 1969 to 1978 specializing in minefield planning. He headed the group which developed the minefield planning module of the Mine Warfare Trainer which was delivered to the Fleet and Mine Warfare Training Center in 1978-79. Dr. Bailey served as science advisor to the commander Mine Warfare Command in 1978-79 under the sponsorship of the Navy Science Assistance Program. In 1979-80 he led the development of military value assessment methodology for a ship survivability improvement program. In 1980 he moved to the Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division becoming leader of the Systems Performance Assessment Group in 1981. Dr. Bailey leads a group of analysts who do assessment of the predicted performance of the Aegis combat system and the effects of proposed changes to the system. Dr. Bailey has also served collateral duty as systems analysis manager for the Technical Division of the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) in the Naval Sea Systems Command since 1981.

Performance analysis is the process of determining the predicted performance of a weapons system. It is generally used to examine predicted performance of systems in a variety of configurations and operational situations; it is accomplished through a variety of techniques, from the computation of straightforward algebraic functions to complex computer simulations. Performance analysis is necessary throughout the life-cycle of weapons systems. It is used to help determine original requirements, for conceptual and detailed design, and to support operational planning and determine upgrade requirements. The development, maintenance, and consistent application of a set of system specific performance analysis methods have enhanced the development of many weapons systems. This paper is in the form of a tutorial on the application of performance analysis techniques, using the development of the Aegis weapons system as a source of examples, and stressing the value of performance analysis methods which have been designed specifically for the Aegis system.

关键词： MILITARY EQUIPMENT

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AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT systems-ENGINEERING PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 218-226页

作者： JUdSON, HM ASCHOFF, GR NEWCOMB, JW Dr. Harlow M. Judson:is the technical director for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. He received the Ph.D E. E. degree from Michigan State University in 1964 and has served in a variety of management and technical positions with Rockwell International since 1968. Dr. Judson's military service was aboard submarines from 1952–1956. Gerald R. Aschoff:is the engineering manager for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. He received the M.A. degree in mathematics from California State University at Fullerton in 1972 and has served in a variety of management and technical positions with Rockwell International since 1967. Mr. Aschoff's forte is in the area of electromagnetic effects upon electronic systems. John W. Newcomb:is the program manager for the Electromagnetic System Environment Design and Engineering Project within the Autonetics Marine Systems Division of Rockwell International. His twenty years of professional experience include a three-year tour as an engineering duty officer attached to SupShip 3 in Brooklyn New York. Civil service experience includes positions with DTNSRDC NAVSEC Preliminary Design Division and NAVSEA ‘s Aegis Shipbuilding Project office. Since joining Rockwell International in 1976 he has filled a number of project engineering and program management assignments dealing with ship design engineering and acquisition. Mr. Newcomb holds a B. S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from Webb Institute and an M. B. A. from George Washington University. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME.

Engineering processes, for the integration of topside electromagnetic environment and EM subsystems performance engineering into the mainstream of surface ship engineering, are presented and discussed in this paper. The engineering procedures and tasks pertaining to ship EM systems engineering must be tailored to the several stages of the life cycle, but all contain a core of activities covering performance-based EM suite selection and topside arrangement design, which is based on EM environment and performance vs. requirements analysis. These core activities are presented and discussed as they apply to all life cycle design stages. Several recent fleet EMI problems are briefly discussed for the insight they provide relative to the EM portions of the current design process, and conclusions regarding how the proposed procedures address current deficiencies are included.

关键词： ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

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AIR-CUSHION LANdING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BANd, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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SPACE BIOPROCESSING

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1985年第9期3卷 786-790页

作者： TOdd, P Paul Todd Ph.D. Director of the Bioprocessing and Pharmaceutical Research Center University City Science Center 3401 Market Street Suite 220 Philadelphia PA 19104.REFERENCES Universities Space Research Association Microgravity Biotechnology Working Group "Goals in Microgravity Biotechnology". 1985. Unpublished.Allen R.E. Rhodes P.H. Snyder R.S. Barlow G.H. Bier M. Bigazzi P.E. van Oss C.J. Knox R.J. Seaman G.V.F. Micale F.J. and Vanderhoff J.W. 1977. Column electrophoresis on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Sep. Purif. Meth. 6: 1-59.|ISI|Snyder R.S. Rhodes P.H. Herren B.J. Miller R.Y. Seaman G.V.F. Todd P. Kunze M.E. and Sarnoff B.E. 1985. Analysis of free zone electrophoresis of fixed erythrocytes performed in microgravity. Electrophoresis 6: 3-9.|ISI|Tulp A. 1984. Density gradient electrophoresis of mammalian cells. In Methods of Biochemical Analysis 30: 148-198.Strickler A. and Sacks T. 1973. Continuous free-film electrophoresis: The crescent phenomenon. Prep. Biochem. 3: 269-277.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Morrison D.R. Barlow G.H. Cleveland C. Grindeland R. Hymer W.C. Kunze M.E. Lanham J.W. Lewis M.L. Sarnoff B.E. Todd P. and Wilfinger W. 1984. Electrophoretic separation of kidney and pituitary cells on STS-8. Adv. Space Res. 4: 67-76.|Article|PubMed|ChemPort|Bier M. Palusinski O.A. Mosher R.A. and Saville D.A. 1983. Electrophoresis: Mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Science 219: 1281-1287.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Albertsson P.A. 1971. Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules. Wiley- Interscience New York.Brooks D.E. and Bamberger S. 1982. Studies on aqueous two phase polymer systems useful for partitioning of biological material p. 233-240. In Materials Processing in the Reduced Gravity Environment of Space. G. E. Rindone (ed.) Elsevier Science Publ. Co. Inc. New York.Juarez-Salinas H. Engelhorn S.C. Bigbee W.L. Lowry M.A. and Stanker L.H. 1984. Ultrapurification of monoclonal antibodies by high-performanc

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RESOLVING dIFFERENCES WITHIN THE REHABILITATION TEAM

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Rehabilitation Nursing 1984年第3期9卷 38-40页

作者： Margolis, Howard Fiorelli, Joseph S. Leonard, H. Skipton Howard Margolis received his EdD from Hofstra University. He is currently director of program development for Star Systems Consultation and Training in Philadelphia PA. He specializes in assisting health organizations improve productivity and service through the judicious use of their human resources. Joseph S. Fiorelli received his PhD in organizational development and training from Temple University and is currently director of education for Moss Rehabilitation Hospital in Philadelphia PA. He specializes in organizational problem solving psycho-educational processes and adult education. He is a frequent presenter and author in the areas of training and inter-disciplinary teamwork. H. Skipton Leonard Ph.D received his doctorate from the Research Center For Human Development NY University. He was a post doctoral fellow in group processes at the National Institute of Mental Health. He is currently a clinical psychologist in private practice in the Washington DC area and has just co-authored a text on nursing management.

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NC Applications—its Present and Future in Singapore's Industries

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International Journal of Operations & Production Management 1984年第1期4卷 12-17页

作者： Khong Heng Poh Currently Director and Division Manager of Nordskog‐Diethelm Pte Ltd. a company specialising in the manufacture of aluminium and stainless steel products. Graduated in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UMIST in 1968. Served an apprenticeship with Aveling‐Barford Ltd. UK. now Special Vehicles Division of British Leyland. Was engaged in research work at UMIST on the application design and testing of NC machine tools. This was sponsored by a machine tool builder and NC systems manufacturer. Awarded a Ph.D degree in Machine Tool Engineering in 1972. Thereafter was appointed Post‐Doctoral Research Fellow and later as Lecturer to continue with the research programme and consultancy work on NC machines in connection with computer‐aided design and manufacture.

The numerically controlled machine tool has become a very topical subject due to the current emphasis on increasing productivity and upgrading of manufacturing industry. This paper reviews the current applications of NC machine tools in Singapore. It also takes a look at the future directions which NC is likely to develop, particularly in the area of computer aided manufacture, and examines the role of the production engineer within this new environment.

关键词： Singapore Machinery Computers CAM

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