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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： G.G. Lendaris T.T. Shannon L.J. Schultz S. Hutsell A. Rogers Northwest Computational Intelligence Laboratory and Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University USA

Overview material for the special session (tuning fuzzy controllers using adaptive critic based approximate dynamic programming) is provided. The dual heuristic programming (dHP) method of approximate dynamic programming is described and used to design a fuzzy control system. dHP and related techniques have been developed in the neurocontrol context but can be equally productive when used with fuzzy controllers or neuro-fuzzy hybrids. This technique is demonstrated by designing a temperature controller for a simple water bath system. In this example, we take advantage of the TSK model framework to initialize the tunable parameters of our plant model with reasonable problem specific values.

关键词： Fuzzy control dynamic programming Neural networks programmable control Adaptive control Fuzzy neural networks Neurofeedback Context modeling Fuzzy systems Computational intelligence

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A comparison of training algorithms for dHP adaptive critic neurocontrol

A comparison of training algorithms for DHP adaptive critic ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris T.T. Shannon A. Rustan Systems Science Ph.D. Program and Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Portland State University USA

A variety of alternate training strategies for implementing the dual heuristic programming (dHP) method of approximate dynamic programming in the neurocontrol context are explored. The dHP method of controller training has been successfully demonstrated by a number of authors on a variety of control problems in recent years, but no unified view of the implementation details of the method has yet emerged. A number of options are described for sequencing the training of the controller and critic networks in dHP implementations. Results are given about their relative efficiency and the quality of the resulting controllers for two benchmark control problems.

关键词： Neural networks Shape control dynamic programming Equations design optimization Amorphous materials design methodology Feedback loop Supervised learning Process design

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Is lean necessarily green?

Is lean necessarily green?

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50th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the systems sciences 2006, ISSS 2006

作者： Venkat, Kumar Wakeland, Wayne Surya Technologies Inc. 4888 NW Bethany Blvd. Portland OR 97229 United States Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781622767557

In this paper, we investigate the environmental performance of lean supply chains using carbon dioxide emissions as the key performance indicator. Lean is based on the premise that compressing time reveals hidden quality problems and that their resolution leads to more efficient, cost-effective business processes. If time compression always implies lower emissions, then a leaner system is always greener as measured by emissions. If time compression does not always lead to lower emissions, then further changes to the lean system may be required in order to make it greener. We use a simulation model of a generic supply chain as well as two representative examples of supply chains to examine this. Our analysis shows that supply chain emissions are highly sensitive to the frequency and mode of delivery of goods as well as the type and amount of inventory stored at each company. Our results suggest that lean supply chains are not necessarily green, although they could turn out to be green in certain cases. The main impediment appears to be distance. While lean supply chains typically have lower emissions due to reduced inventory levels, the frequent replenishment at every point in the provision stream generally tends to increase the emissions. If a lean supply chain is located entirely within a small region, then it would almost certainly be green from an emissions perspective due to the low levels of inventory and short shipping distances. As distances increase along the supply chain, it is quite possible for lean and green to be in conflict, leading to tradeoffs as well as additional opportunities for optimization.

关键词： Supply chains

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TF/TA: New driving forces

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Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2001年第3期68卷 309-313页

作者： Harold A. Linstone Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207-0751 USA

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Adaptive critic learning with fuzzy utility

Adaptive critic learning with fuzzy utility

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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： S.A. Matzner T.T. Shannon NW Computational Intelligence Laboratory Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

Adaptive critic methods, which approximate dynamic programming, have been used successfully for solving optimal control problems. The adaptive critic learning algorithm optimizes a secondary utility function that is the sum of the present and all future primary utility. The primary utility function measures the instantaneous cost incurred for the last action taken and the resulting state. The motivation for using a fuzzy primary utility function comes from the set of control problems for which there is only a qualitative definition of performance - for example, success or failure. Previous work in applying adaptive critic methods to this type of problem showed that a crisp definition of success resulted in solutions that met the control objective, but in an undesirable manner. An appropriate fuzzy utility function, on the other hand, is able to generate the optimal solution. Another motivation for incorporating fuzzy techniques into the utility function is to overcome measurement noise. Measurement noise has a significant adverse effect on the reliability and speed of adaptive critic learning; by incorporating fuzzy sets into the utility function, the effect of the noise can be mitigated.

关键词： dynamic programming Optimal control programmable control Adaptive control Cost function Control systems Computational intelligence Fuzzy sets Noise measurement Neural networks

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Artificial neural network implementation using many-valued quantum computing

Artificial neural network implementation using many-valued q...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： A.N. Al-Rabadi G.G. Lendaris Portland State Univ. OR USA Systems Science Ph.D. Program at Portland State University USA

Neural network (NN) implementation using the general scheme of many-valued (MV) quantum computing (QC) is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses the many-valued orthonormal computational basis states to implement such computations. physical implementation of NNQC is performed by controlling the potential to yield specific wavefunction as a result of solving Shrodinger's equation that governs the dynamics of QC.

关键词： Quantum computing Artificial neural networks Computer networks Neural networks Quantum entanglement Quantum mechanics Schrodinger equation Grid computing physics computing Logic gates

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Towards synergy in multiperspective management: An American-Chinese case

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Human systems Management 2000年第1期19卷 25-37页

作者： Linstone, Harold A. Zhu, Zhichang Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University P.O.B. 751 Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Lincoln School of Management Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom Hull University Business School University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom

This paper presents a comparative study of two multiperspective approaches to management, one developed and applied mainly in the United States, the other in China and East Asia. The contentions of the two approaches are briefly outlined, commonality and differences analysed, cultural traditions surfaced, and the ways the two approaches inform and learn from each other reported. It is suggested that the recent development of multiperspective approaches world-wide is not accidental, but can be seen as an outcome of humankind's common search for responses to the increasingly challenging multidimensional complexity in human systems management. systems/management scientists in both the West and the East can do better in dealing with the complexity if we consciously open to, inform and learn from each other.

关键词： Complexity systems approach multiperspective management culture tradition mutual learning

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Late pleistocene polygenetic Andean wetland soils

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GeoResJ 2017年 14卷 20-35页

作者： Loaiza, Juan C. Sánchez-Espinosa, Jorge Rubiano-Sanabria, Yolanda Poch, Rosa M. Geosciences and Environmental School Mining Faculty National University of Colombia Campus Medellín Colombia National University of Colombia Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) Campus Bogotá Colombia Ph.D program in Agricultural Science at the National University of Colombia Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) Campus Bogotá Colombia Department of Environment and Soil Sciences University of Lleida Catalonia Spain

The Fusagasuga megafan is located in the Sumapaz River catchment (main tributary of the Magdalena River) which drains into the Sumapaz moorland. The soils show non consistent hydromorphic palaeofeatures that may be related to recent tectonics, therefore a study was conducted to gain insight into the paleoenvironment of the area, in particular the paleohydrology. We studied 6 profiles under 4 different geomorphological positions: structural eroded mountain, axis, length and base of the alluvial megafan (depositional foothills). Medium-textured Lithic Melanudands are located in a steep high mountain (anticline structural slope), Silty loam Ultic Melanudands are developed from volcanic ashes over thick medium-grained sandstones in the transition mountain to alluvial megafan, very fine-textured Typic Paleudalfs with Bt Horizons (42–85% clay) are found around the middle and proximal parts of the megafan, that become Typic Haplustalfs at the distal parts of the megafan. Kaolinite is the dominant clay in all soils, followed by halloisite, goethite and traces of vermiculite and quartz. Quartz and feldspars dominate the sand fraction, together with amphiboles and volcanic glass chemically weathered epidote in small quantities. Soils are mainly acidic, with a high Al saturation and a low base saturation. Clay illuviation is shown by hypocoatings and microlaminated clay coatings. different degrees of hydromorphism are observed with gleyic to stagnic patterns. Some of the redoximorphic features are related to the current pore system and others to palaeoenvironmental conditions often associated to old clay coatings. The most clayey soils show striated, undifferenciated, speckled b-fabrics and frequent coatings, and some others point to ferrolysis as iron-depleted hypocoatings and low anisotropic clay coatings along pores, an observation supported by mineralogical data. The morphological and micromorphological redoximorphic features allow us to explain the paleoevolution of the a

关键词： Clay illuviation Hydromorphic soils Micromorphology Paleohydrology Polygenetic soils

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Evaluation of Fatigue and Attention Levels in Multi-target Scenario using CNN

Evaluation of Fatigue and Attention Levels in Multi-target S...

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International Computer Symposium (ICS)

作者： d Sandeep Vara Sankar Li-Wei Ko International Ph.D Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781728192550

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192567

Fatigue is a behavioral phenomenon that occurs when a user conducts focused mental activity for a prolonged duration resulting in performance errors or lapse. This paper presents an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based fatigue and attention level detection using 2-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2d-CNN). The experimental paradigm was designed to identify and detect a target object from a multi- target scenario. The results show that our proposed model provides a classification accuracy of 86.12%, which is ~18%, ~16% and ~10% higher than the Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLdA), support vector machine (SVM) and bootstrap aggregating (bagging tree) algorithms. Further, the decreased session-wise accuracy levels observed for each subject after the 4 th experimental session postulates cognitive state disparities were caused due to increased fatigue and dropped attention levels. These biomarkers were assessed by comparing the resting theta and alpha band powers with the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) performance of the later sessions (sessions 5 to 7). The results show an inverse relationship between the RSVP classification performance and the resting EEG power, validating that the subjects' performance is affected by the physiological state biomarkers like fatigue and attention for prolonged brain-computer interface (BCI) experiments. Our findings demonstrate that the resting theta and alpha band powers can be considered as indicative measures to interpret mental fatigue and attention deficit problems.

关键词： Support vector machines Biomarkers Fatigue Brain modeling Classification algorithms Task analysis Bagging

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Experience-Based Identification and Control via Higher-Level Learning and Context discernment

Experience-Based Identification and Control via Higher-Level...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris NW Computational Intelligence Laboratory (NWCIL) & Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

In AI systems so far developed, more knowledge (typically stored as "rules") entails slower processing; in the case of humans, the more knowledge attained (in the form of experience), the speed/efficiency of performing new related tasks is improved. Experience-based (EB) identification and control is explored with the objective of achieving more human-like processes for 'intelligent' computing agents. The notion of experience is being successfully addressed via a novel concept for applying reinforcement learning (RL), called HLLA -higher level learning algorithm. The key idea is to re-purpose the RL method (to a "higher level") such that instead of creating an optimal controller for a given task, an already achieved collection of such solutions for a variety of related contexts is provided (as an experience repository), and HLLA creates a strategy for optimally selecting a solution from the repository. The selection process is triggered by the agent becoming aware that a change in context has occurred, followed by the agent seeking information about what changed -a process here called context discernment - and finally, by selection. Typically, context discernment entails a form of system identification (SId); substantial enhancement of SId is also achieved via the EB methods. Examples are given.

关键词： Context awareness Humans Control systems Learning Optimal control System identification Artificial intelligence Context modeling Computational intelligence Laboratories

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