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Comparative Study of Aluminum Complexes Bearing N,N′-diaryldioxalamidate and N,N′-diaryldithiooxalamidate Ligands in Ring-Opening Polymerization of ϵ-Caprolactone

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Organometallics 2023年第19期42卷 2856-2866页

作者： Ganta, Prasanna Kumar Chang, Chun-Juei Chen, Hsing-Yin Kamaraj, Rajiv Sambandam, Anandan Lai, Yi-Chun Chu, Yu-Ting ding, Shangwu Chen, Hsuan-Ying Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Taiwan Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of International Ph.D Program for Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli620015 India Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan

A series of Al catalysts with N,N′-diaryloxalamidate and N,N′-diaryldithiooxalamidate ligands were synthesized, and their ϵ-caprolactone polymerization rates were determined in this study. Of the Al complexes bearing N,N′-diaryldithiooxalamidate, [phHNCS]2Al2Me4 exhibited the highest catalytic activity (conv. of poly-ϵ-caprolactone = 94%;[ϵ-caprolactone]:[[phHNCS]2Al2Me4]:[benzyl alcohol] = 100:0.5:2 with [ϵ-caprolactone] = 2 M at 25 °C after 20 min), and of the Al complexes bearing N,N′-diaryldioxalamidate, [phHNCO]2Al2Me4 exhibited the highest catalytic activity (conv. of poly-ϵ-caprolactone = 94%;[ϵ-caprolactone]:[OHAl2Me4]:[benzyl alcohol] = 100:0.5:2 with [ϵ-caprolactone] = 2 M at 25 °C after 30 min). The Al complexes bearing N,N′-diaryldithiooxalamidate demonstrated a greater catalytic activity (1.4-7.3-fold) than Al complexes bearing N,N′-diaryldioxalamidate. density functional theory calculations revealed that [phiPrNCS]2Al2(OMe)4 with a weaker Al-OMe bond and less repulsion of the highest transition state TS1 revealed the lower potential energy of TS1 compared to [phiPrNCO]2Al2(OMe)4 and further exhibited a higher polymerization rate than [phiPrNCO]2Al2(OMe)4 © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Catalyst activity

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design and finite element analysis of hybrid stepper motor for spacecraft applications

Design and finite element analysis of hybrid stepper motor f...

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IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and drives (IEMdC)

作者： R.P. Praveen M.H. Ravichandran V. T. Sadasivan Achari V. P. Jagathy Raj G. Madhu G.R. Bindu Ph.D Research Scholar in Cochin University of Science and Technolozy Kerala India ISRO Inertial Systems Unit Trivandrum Kerala India Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala India Electrical Department of College of Engineering Trivandrum Kerala India

This paper presents the design and analysis of a 400-step hybrid stepper motor for spacecraft applications. The design of the hybrid stepper motor for achieving a specific performance requires the choice of appropriate tooth geometry. In this paper, a detailed account of the results of two-dimensional finite-element (FE) analysis conducted with different tooth width/tooth pitch ratios (t/lambda) and also with different tooth shapes such as square and trapezoidal, is presented. The use of equal t/lambda ratio on stator and rotor provides nearly 10% more torque than the case with unequal t/lambda ratio, but with corresponding increase in detent torque and distorted static torque profile. For the requirements of maximum torque density, less-detent torque, and better positional accuracy and smooth static torque profile, different pitch slotting with equal tooth width has to be provided. From the various FE models subjected to analysis trapezoidal teeth configuration with unequal tooth pitch on the stator and rotor is found to be the best configuration and is selected for fabrication. The designed motor is fabricated and the experimental results is compared with the FE results.

关键词： Finite element methods Space vehicles Permanent magnet motors Reluctance motors AC motors Synchronous motors Magnetic analysis Teeth Torque Stators

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More on training strategies for critic and action neural networks in dual heuristic programming method

More on training strategies for critic and action neural net...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： G.G. Lendaris C. Paintz T. Shannon Systems Science & Electrical Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Electrical Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

The article describes a modification to the usual procedures for training of critic and action neural networks in the dual heuristic programming (dHP) method (d. Prokhorov and d. Wunsch, 1996; R. Santiago, 1995; P. Werbos, 1994). This modification entails updating both the critic and the action networks at each computational cycle, rather than only one at a time. The distinction lies in the introduction of a (real) second copy of the critic network whose weights are adjusted less often and the "desired value" for training the other critic is obtained from this critic copy. Previously (G. Lendaris and C. Paintz, 1997), the proposed modified training strategy was demonstrated on the pole cart controller problem: the full 6 dimensional state vector was input to the critic and action NNs, however, the utility function only involved pole angle, not distance along the track (x). For the first set of results presented here, the 3 states associated with the x variable were eliminated from the inputs to the NNs, keeping the same utility function previously defined. This resulted in improved learning and controller performance. From this point, the method is applied to two additional problems, each of increasing complexity: for the first, an x-related term is added to the utility function for the pole cart problem, and simultaneously, the x-related states were added back in to the NNs (i.e., increase number of state variables used from 3 to 6); the second relates to steering a vehicle with independent drive motors on each wheel. The problem contexts and experimental results are provided.

关键词： Neural networks Intelligent networks Equations design methodology Sliding mode control Computer networks Vehicle driving Wheels Analytical models Signal generators

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STATISTICAL ISSUES ANd PROBLEMS IN GROUNd-WATER dETECTION MONITORING AT HAZARdOUS-WASTE FACILITIES

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1988年第4期8卷 135-150页

作者： MCNICHOLS, RJ dAVIS, CB Roger J. McNichols is a professor of industrial engineering at the University of Toledo (Department of Industrial Engineering University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his Ph.D in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University he joined the faculty of Texas A and M University where he directed the Maintainability Engineering Graduate Program at Red River Army Depot. At UT he has served as associate dean of engineering and as chairman of the Systems engineering doctoral program. His research and consulting interests include reliability quality control manufacturing mathematical modeling and applied statistics. Charles B. Davis is an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Toledo (Department of Mathematics University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his M.S. in mathematics and statistics and his Ph.D. in statistics from the University of New Mexico he joined the Mathematics Department at UT where he established the graduate program in statistics. His research and consulting interests include statistical modeling statistical computation simultaneous inference and data analysis.

Ground water monitoring presents interesting statistical challenges, including controlling the risk of entering compliance monitoring, incorporating all modes of inherent variability into the statistical model on which tests are based, and taming the detection limit problem, all while maintaining demonstrable sensitivity to real contamination. Some of these challenges exceed textbook statistics considerably, even when considered alone, and good solutions are scarce. When these challenges are combined, the task of developing good statistical procedures or good regulations can be formidable. This article presents a number of realities of ground water monitoring that should be considered when developing statistical procedures. Recommendations made for addressing these realities include the following: (1) the false positive rate should be controlled on a facility-wide basis, rather than per well or per parameter as required in the proposed regulation (40 CFR §264); (2) multiple comparisons with control procedures are preferable to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for controlling the overall false positive rate; (3) retests can be made an explicit part of the statistical procedure in order to increase power and decrease sensitivity to distribution shape assumptions; (4) commonly used simple methods of handling below detection limit data with parametric tests, including Cohen's procedure as implemented in the U.S. EPA's Technical Enforcement Guidance document (TEGd), should probably be avoided; (5) the statistical properties of practical quantitation limits for non-naturally occurring compounds should be studied carefully; and (6) so long as the facility-wide false positive rate is controlled, better sensitivity to real contamination is obtained by monitoring fewer well-chosen parameters at a smaller number of well-chosen locations. An evaluation of the proposed revised §264 regulation with respect to these realities reveals that it seems to be a definite improvement over the

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Release of gold nanoparticles from phytomined biomass by enzymatic digestion

Release of gold nanoparticles from phytomined biomass by enz...

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2006 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Marshall, A.T. Haverkamp, R.G. davies, C.E. Parsons, J.G. Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. Van Agterveld, d. Institute of Technology and Engineering Massey University Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North New Zealand Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D Program and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at EI Paso 500 West University Avenue EI Paso TX 79968-0513 United States Akzo Nobel Research and Technology Chemicals Department of Chemicals Analytics and Physics Microstructure Analysis and Atomic Spectrometry P.O. Box 9300 6800 SB Arnhem Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)081691012X

Gold nanoparticles are produced in some plants when soluble gold is present in the growth medium nutrients. Release and recovery of this gold by pyrolysis can sinter the particles, and enzymatic digestion is proposed as an alternative. Brassica juncea grown on soil containing low levels of gold, copper and silver (22-48 mg Au kg-1, 44-45 mg Cu kg-1 and 0-31 mg Ag kg -1 respectively) contained gold at weight concentrations circa 1000 ppm dry matter. 55-60 wt% of the dried plant matter was solubilised by enzymatic digestion, but 50-60% of the gold initially present was lost to solution during the digestion. XANES analysis shows that gold is present in the plant in approximately equal quantities in the metallic (Auo) and oxidized (Au+1) states. The gold lost during digestion is thought to be gold present in the plant in a soluble form (Au+1).

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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Study of feature-based image capturing and recognition algorithm

Study of feature-based image capturing and recognition algor...

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作者： Kao, Chih-Hong Hsieh, Sheng-Ping Peng, Chih-Cheng Aeronautical Systems Research Division Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communications Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474530

In the field of applied computer vision, the three-dimensional (3d) object recognition is a very important technique which can be used to determine objects from a certain direction of the image for arbitrary 3d objects. These skills are useful in military applications, such as moving target recognition and coastal surveillance. Computer vision recognition allows fast response and all day long reconnaissance. The purpose of establishing a ship recognition system is to research and develop effective ship contour capture in the natural sea environment. We can develop a ship recognition system that is reliable and fast based on a database of ship images. We propose a recognition algorithm for ship images. This system utilizes gradient vector flow to capture the ship image contour first and calculates the geometric eigenvalue using this contour and Fourier descriptor. The eigenvalues are used to perform separate rough and detailed recognition. A graphic user interface is developed and the validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated using identifying images. ©ICROS.

关键词： Ships

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Molecular biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Current Bioinformatics 2008年第1期8卷 87-92页

作者： Hwang, Chi-Shin Hsieh, Chia-Hung Liu, Guan-Ting Chen, Si-Yi Tschen, Johnannes Scheng-Ming Chang, Hao-Teng Department of Neurology Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science and Ph.D Program for Aging Taiwan Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine Taichung Taiwan Master Programs of Life Science College of Life Sciences National Chung Hsin University Taichung Taiwan Biotechnology Department Ming Dao University Taichung Taiwan China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complicated and devastating neurodegenerative disease. To date, its diagnosis is still mainly based on clinical symptoms and electromyographic findings. High rates of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are the major hurdles in ALS treatment. Thus, searching for biomarkers to improve clinical diagnosis of ALS is a highly desirable goal. Here we review current potential biomarkers derived from the various pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, including those involved in oxidative stress, synaptic excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and the autoimmune response. Oxidative stress results from genetic mutation or an increase in protein aggregation, synaptic excitotoxicity arising from elevated levels of glutamate and d-serine, and the neuroinflammation occurring from elevated levels of inflammatory molecules and cytokine receptors. Some of these biomarkers could be used for monitoring the disease progression and to assess effectiveness of treatment for ALS. We conclude that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in ALS, which may lead to a better understanding of this devastating disease and ultimately to a cure. In addition, the identification of new biomarkers would undoubtedly provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of ALS. © 2013 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Biomarkers

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Numerical Treatment of Parametric Gradient Problems in Source Term by New difference Methods

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Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C/Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch'eng Hsuebo Pao 2018年第6期39卷 609-618页

作者： Shieh, Tzong-Hann Li, Meng-Rong Li, Yu-Tso Chen, Yung-Ting Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung Taiwan Department of Mathematical Sciences National Chengchi University 64 Sec. 2 ZhiNan Rd. Wenshan District Taipei Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Minghsin University of Science and Technology No.1 Xinxing Rd. Xinfeng Hsinchu30401 Taiwan

In this paper, we expand the energy equation of unsteady Euler equations as the form of mixture gas and carry out the numerical resolution through the FVM to discuss the nonphysical oscillations near the contact discontinuity interface and shock wave. We resolve the equations by using the AUSMdV Riemann solver with different flux limiters, the FVM and the second-order with two-step discrete-time stepping method. For the source term in the investigated Euler equations with multi-species, we discuss the facing problem of for the numerical treatment of gradient in different type and test the non-physical oscillation problem by establishing a new applied method of gradient control. © 2018, Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. All right reserved.

关键词： Euler equations

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decision-aid system for survivability of damaged conventional military submarines

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第4期114卷 21-30页

作者： Lee, d Lee, J Lee, KH DONGKON LEE has served as a research engineer in Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering(KRISO)/KORDI for 19 years. He obtained his Ph.D in naval architecture at Pusan National University Korea in 1995. His current research interests include artificial intelligence maritime safety damage survivability evacuation and computer simulation. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers Society of Naval Architects of Korea Korea Information Science Society and Korea Intelligent Information System. JAEYONG LEE has served as an engineering duty officer a commander in Korea Naval Sea Systems Command for 20 years. He graduated from Korea Naval Academy in 1979 with a bachelor of science degree in electric engineering. He received a master of engineering degree in industrial engineering from Yeonse University in 1997 and a master of engineering degree in naval architecture from Chungnam National University in 2000. His current research interests include design and safety of submarine. KYUNG-HO LEE has served as a research engineer in Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering(KRISO)/KORDI for 11 years. He obtained his Ph.D in naval architecture at Seoul National University in 1998. His current research interests include artificial intelligence maritime safety and concurrent engineering. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea

AEven small leakage in submarines can lead to serious consecutive damage, since they operate under high water pressure. Such leakage including damage to piping and the bull eventually result in human casualties and loss of expensive equipment as well as the loss of combat capabilities. In such cases, a decision-making system is necessary to respond immediately to the damage in order to maintain the safety or the survival of the submarine. So it is necessary to have an automatic system that can generate responses and give advice to the operator on bow to make decisions to maintain the survivability of the damaged vessel. In this paper a knowledge-based decision support system for submarine safety is developed. The domain knowledge is acquired from submarine design documents, design expertise, and interviews with operators. The knowledge consists of responses regarding damage of the pressure bull and piping systems. Expert elements are deduced to obtain the decision from the knowledge base, and the system makes recommendations on bow to cope with damage to the bull and piping and whether the submarine should stay in the sea or to surface. It is demonstrated that the developed system is well simulated to the real situation through sample applications.

关键词： Submarines

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Automating Care by Self-maintainability for Full Laboratory Automation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ochiai, Koji Tahara-Arai, Yuya Kato, Akari Kaizu, Kazunari Kariyazaki, Hirokazu Umeno, Makoto Takahashi, Koichi Kanda, Genki N. Ozaki, Haruka Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 6-7-1 Minatojima Minamimachi Chuo-ku Hyogo Kobe650-0047 Japan Bioinformatics Laboratory Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Ph.D. Program in Humanics School of Integrative and Global Majors University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Laboratory Automation Suppliers’ Association 2-1-8 Minatojima Minamimachi Chuo-ku Hyogo Kobe650-0047 Japan Cell Modeling and Simulation Group Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Aichi Okazaki444-8787 Japan Robotics Division YASKAWA Electric Corporation 2-1 Kurosaki Shiroishi Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka806-0004 Japan BAIKEIDO LLC 3-8-1 Asano Kokurakita-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka802-0001 Japan Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio University 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi Kanagawa252-0882 Japan Medical Research Laboratory Institute of Integrated Research Institute of Science Tokyo 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8519 Japan Center for Artificial Intelligence Research University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan

The automation of experiments in life sciences and chemistry has significantly advanced with the development of various instruments and AI technologies. However, achieving full laboratory automation, where experiments conceived by scientists are seamlessly executed in automated laboratories, remains a challenge. We identify the lack of automation in planning and operational tasks—critical human-managed processes collectively termed "care"—as a major barrier. Automating care is the key enabler for full laboratory automation. To address this, we propose the concept of self-maintainability (SeM): the ability of a laboratory system to autonomously adapt to internal and external disturbances, maintaining operational readiness akin to living cells. A SeM-enabled laboratory features autonomous recognition of its state, dynamic resource and information management, and adaptive responses to unexpected conditions. This shifts the planning and execution of experimental workflows, including scheduling and reagent allocation, from humans to the system. We present a conceptual framework for implementing SeM-enabled laboratories, comprising three modules—Requirement manager, Labware manager, and device manager—and a Central manager. SeM not only enables scientists to execute envisioned experiments seamlessly but also provides developers with a design concept that drives the technological innovations needed for full automation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information management

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