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2021 Annual Meeting of CSEE Study Committee of HVDC and Power Electronics (HVDC 2021)

作者： G. Liu P. Guo Z. Yuan Y. Zhao Shenzhen Power Supply Corporation Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

With effective properties, a resistive-type superconducting fault current limit (R-SFCL) has become an effective device to restrain DC-side bipolar short fault currents in multilevel modular converter multiterminal DC systems (MMC-MTDCs). However, due to the resistance-energy accumulation-dependent characteristics of the R-SFCL device, the fault durations and different fault current values will produce various output resistances at each fault stage, and the related coordinated protection and control strategy needs to be adjusted accordingly. Therefore, in the first part of this paper, we analysed the DC side short circuit current mechanism and the fault current restraint characteristics of R-SFCLs. Subsequently, to verify the above analysis, the R-SFCL-based four-terminal MMC-MTDC with DC bipolar short fault modelling and simulation are presented in the next section. Finally, based on the above analysis and research, the advanced DC bipolar fault control and protection strategies of the R-SFCL-based MMC-MTDC system are discussed to promote further study of coordinated and protection control and the application of R-SFCLs in subsequent engineering applications.

关键词： fault current limiters short-circuit currents HVDC power transmission HVDC power convertors superconducting fault current limiters

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Stochastic processes in renewable power systems: From frequency domain to time domain

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第12期62卷 2093-2103页

作者： SONG YongHua CHEN XiaoShuang LIN Jin LIU Feng QIU YiWei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacaoChina State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources(RESs), the uncertainties of volatile renewable generations significantly affect the power system operation. Such uncertainties are usually modeled as stochastic variables obeying specific distributions by neglecting the temporal correlations. Conventional approaches to hedge the negative effects caused by such uncertainties are thus hard to pursue a trade-off between computation efficiency and optimality. As an alternative, the theory of stochastic process can naturally model temporal correlation in closed forms. Attracted by this feature, our research group has been conducting thorough researches in the past decade to introduce stochastic processes within renewable power systems. This paper summarizes our works from the perspective of both the frequency domain and the time domain, provides the tools for the analysis and control of power systems under a unified framework of stochastic processes, and discusses the underlying reasons that stochastic process-based approaches can perform better than conventional approaches on both computational efficiency and optimality. These work may shed a new light on the research of analysis, control and operation of renewable power ***, this paper outlooks the theoretic developments of stochastic processes in future’s renewable power systems.

关键词： renewable energy resources renewable power systems stochastic processes frequency domain time domain

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Planning of active power distribution network based on source-network-load collaborative optimization 16

Planning of active power distribution network based on sourc...

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16th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, ACDC 2020

作者： Jiang, Zhicheng Yu, Qingguang Li, Ang Xiong, Yufeng Long, Gaoxiang Liu, Yuming Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781839533914

With the fast development of renewable energy generation, the randomness and volatility seriously threaten the stability of the power system. In order to improve the consumption rate of renewable energy and the economic benefit, the source-network-load collaborative optimization is put forward and widely used in the power system. And the active power distribution network which consists of the energy storage devices and flexible load is the best carrier to realize it. Based on the active power distribution network planning, this paper firstly designs an economic index covering construction cost and operation cost as the optimization objective. Then with the physical constraints consisting of the physical features of generation units, energy storage devices and flexible load, the source-network-load collaborative optimization model of active power distribution network is established. Finally, a case of city distribution network is presented to verify the effect of source-network-load collaborative optimization and the efficiency of the optimization model. © 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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Non-Rigid Metal–Oxygen Bonding Empowered Nitrate Reduction on Ruthenium Catalysts

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Suwen Zhuang, Zechao Xu, Jiawei Fu, Cheng Qiu, Zhen Feng, Huajun Xiang, Hai Chen, Zuliang Li, Hui Zhang, Lei Li, Yongfu Cai, Yanjiang Ma, Tianyi Yu, Bing State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou311300 China Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou311300 China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210023 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental and Resource Sciences Fujian Normal University Fujian Province Fuzhou350007 China School of Science RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Centre for Translational Atomaterials

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (NitRR) offers exciting potential for mass production of ammonia (NH3) from renewables. However, the rigidity of metal−ligand bonds in most electrocatalysts renders them unable to survive the structural transformations required for NitRR. Herein, we establish a type of non-rigid metal−oxygen bonds by employing graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a 'micron-scale' ligand for transition metals (TM). Because of being confined to the interfaces between GO and TM, the oxygenated groups in GO can associate with and dissociate from the TM in response to reaction dynamics. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, an electrocatalyst was developed by dispersing nanoscale ruthenium (Ru) on graphene oxide (GO) and utilizing two-dimensional MXene to compensate for the low electrical conductivity of GO. This electrocatalyst exhibits a maximum NH3 yield of over 5 mg cm−2 h−1, with almost 100% current-to-NH3 efficiency, far outperforming the performance of most reported Ru-based materials. What's even more remarkable is the achievement of a record-breaking performance: a 200-hour stable electrolysis with a NH3 yield of 40.2 mg cm−2 h−1, using a membrane electrode reactor. Our experimental and theoretical investigations further reveal the non-rigidity of the Ru–O bonds and how they self-regulate to adapt to diverse intermediates involved in NitRR. This work provides an approach to fabricate a high-performance electrocatalyst featuring reversible and non-rigid metal−oxygen bonds, opening new possibilities for practical nitrate electrolysis. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrocatalysis

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Analysis and Design for Hydrogen-Fueled Cascade Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Peiyuan Zhang, Yongliang Zhu, Jianzhong Han, Minfang Sun, Kaihua Zhong, Haijun Zhang, XueRui State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Xuzhou Huatsing Jingkun Energy Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Province 221005 China Petrochemical Research Institute China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing112206 China Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Maximizing total fuel utilization is the key to improving the electrical efficiency of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. The cascade system can achieve this effectively, but there are fewer studies on hydrogen-fueled cascade systems, and the determination of suitable rated power ratios needs a basis. Because of the characteristics of cascade systems, a fast model that can predict performance at low flow rates and low hydrogen partial pressures is required. Using multiple sets of experimental data, this study developed and validated an improved semi-empirical model, which accurately predicted the industrial-sized cell performance at different flow rates and hydrogen partial pressures. On this basis, the basic parallel and cascade system models were established. The effects of fuel flow rate, rated power ratio, split ratio, and constraints on the system performance were studied and analyzed, and the appropriate design and operation parameters of the cascade system were determined. The results indicated that the cascade system can significantly improve electrical efficiency compared to the parallel system by selecting suitable design parameters. In the example of a 10-kW rated power system design, the cascade system improved the electrical efficiency by over 9% at rated power compared to the parallel system. The results obtained provide valuable reference for related research and offer guidance for system design. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrical efficiency

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Cause Identification of Single-line-to-ground Fault in Distribution System

Cause Identification of Single-line-to-ground Fault in Distr...

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International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON)

作者： Kun Liu Xuan Ren Bin Wang Key Lab for Protective Relaying Real Time Digital Simulation of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Power Dispatch Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd Guangzhou China Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665407380

Cause identification of single-line-to-ground fault in the distribution system is of great significance to the electric workers for fault isolation and rapid maintenance. The key of fault cause identification is to accurately and quickly distinguish human electric shock faults from non-biological faults. In this paper, human electric shock faults and non-biological faults are modeled and fault characteristics are analyzed. Based on the differences between shape and rotation characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curves, a fault cause identification method which can distinguish human electric shock faults from non-biological faults is proposed. simulations show the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Analytical models Shape Electric shock Maintenance engineering Power systems

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Capacity Optimization of Hydrogen Buffer Tanks in Renewable Power to Ammonia (P2A) System

Capacity Optimization of Hydrogen Buffer Tanks in Renewable ...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Jiarong Li Jin Lin Yonghua Song State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University University of Macau Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728155081

ISBN: (纸本)9781728155098

Power to hydrogen is a promising method to consume surplus renewable energy existing in the world. However, due to bottlenecks in hydrogen storage and transportation, converting hydrogen into ammonia which is a kind of hydrogen carrier with satisfied quality in storage and transportation is considered. Industrial ammonia synthesis reactors always work in constant conditions with constant flow rate of the feed gas, while hydrogen output of electrolyzers may vary sharply across renewable energy, thus hydrogen buffer tanks are required between electrolyzers and reactors to eliminate the fluctuation to some extent. The capacity of the buffer needs to be optimized due to relatively expensive cost of tanks, and the optimal capacity of the buffer actually depends on the operation flexibility of the reactor which is rarely discussed in existing literatures. This paper studies operation flexibility of the reactor first and establishes operation model of ammonia synthesis system under variable working conditions, on this basis the capacity optimization model is proposed and verified by a P2A system. At last the operation performance and the economy of P2A system are discussed, and case studies show that about 24% of total investment cost can be reduced with the consideration of operation flexibility of the reactor.

关键词： Ammonia Renewable energy sources Hydrogen Transportation Inductors Optimization Investment

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Performance Analysis on Hydrogen-Battery Coordination Storage for Renewable Energy Accommodation in Large-Scale Power System

Performance Analysis on Hydrogen-Battery Coordination Storag...

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Smart Power & Internet Energy systems (SPIES), International Conference on

作者： Xiaopan Chen Qi Yang Na Meng Yan Cheng Jiang Wu Guanchu Chen MOEKLINNS Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Whole Process Simulation for Power System Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Urumqi China State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

Energy storage is an effective measure to address the renewable energy curtailment problem in large-scale power systems. However, installing the same type of energy storage has limited improvement to the entire system when the total installed capacity of energy storage is fixed. In this paper, an optimal scheduling method for the hydrogen-battery coordination storage system is proposed to further improve renewable energy accommodation by combining the advantages of different types of energy storage. The coupling relationship between the power grid and the heat grid is also considered a way to reduce energy waste. Case tests based on actual operating data analyze the performance of systems with different energy storage configurations. Results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The optimal installed capacity for hydrogen energy storage and battery energy storage is further researched to provide advice for energy storage planning.

关键词： Couplings Renewable energy sources Hydrogen storage Hydrogen Optimal scheduling Power grids Planning

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Joint Optimization of Wind Farm Layout Considering Optimal control

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Kaixuan Lina, Jin Qiu, Yiwei Liu, Feng Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100087 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China

The wake effect is one of the leading causes of energy losses in offshore wind farms (WFs). Both turbine placement and cooperative control can influence the wake interactions inside the WF and thus the overall WF power production. Traditionally, greedy control strategy is assumed in the layout design phase. To exploit the potential synergy between the WF layout and control so that a system-level optimal layout can be obtained with the greatest energy yields, the layout optimization should be performed with cooperative control considerations. For this purpose, a novel two-stage WF layout optimization model is developed in this paper. Cooperative WF control of both turbine yaw and axis-induction are considered in the WF layout design. However, the integration of WF control makes the layout optimization much more complicated and results in a large-scale nonconvex problem, hindering the application of current layout optimization methods. To increase the computational efficiency, we leverage the hierarchy and decomposability of the joint optimization problem and design a decomposition-based hybrid method (DBHM). Instead of manipulating all the variables simultaneously, the joint optimization problem is decomposed into several subproblems and their coordination. Case studies are carried out on different WFs. It is shown that WF layouts with higher energy yields can be obtained by the proposed joint optimization compared to traditional separate layout optimization. Moreover, the computational advantages of the proposed DBHM on the considered joint layout optimization problem are also demonstrated. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electric utilities

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State Estimation for Linear systems with Quadratic Outputs

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Berkane, Soulaimane Theodosis, Dionysis Hamel, Tarek Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Département d’informatique et d’ingénierie Université du Québec en Outaouis GatineauQC Canada theDepartment of Electrical Engineering Lakehead University ON Canada the Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory Technical University of Crete Greece the Divi-sion of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden I3S-CNRS University Côte d’Azur Institut universitaire de France France

This letter deals with the problem of state estimation for a class of systems involving linear dynamics with multiple quadratic output measurements. We propose a systematic approach to immerse the original system into a linear time-varying (LTV) system of a higher dimension. The methodology extends the original system by incorporating a minimum number of auxiliary states, ensuring that the resulting extended system exhibits both linear dynamics and linear output. Consequently, any Kalman-type observer can showcase global state estimation, provided the system is uniformly observable. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Time varying systems

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