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The climate opportunities and risks of improving building envelopes across 1,677 Chinese cities

Cell Reports Sustainability 2024年第12期1卷

作者： Zhang, Yufei Dang, Mengyuan Chu, Chunli Behrens, Paul Berrill, Peter Zhong, Xiaoyang Jing, Rui Lei, Nuoa Jia, Hongyuan Zhang, Lixiao Shao, Chaofeng Masanet, Eric Ju, Meiting Liu, Lirong Chen, Weiqiang Cao, Zhi College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 China Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University RA Leiden Leiden 2300 Netherlands Oxford Martin School University of Oxford 34 Broad Street Oxford OX1 3BD United Kingdom Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Technische Universität Berlin Fasanenstr. 88 Berlin 10623 Germany Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin 10829 Germany International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 Laxenburg 2361 Austria College of Energy Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA United States School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China SinBerBEST Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore Singapore 138602 Singapore State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara 93106 CA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara 93106 CA United States Centre for Environment and Sustainability University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China

The global building sector consumes approximately 30% of final energy, making it crucial for climate change mitigation and adaptation. International calls for enhancing building energy efficiencies are growing, focusing on strategies such as energy-efficient building envelopes through renovation and replacement of older structures, along with electrification and fuel switching. However, the energy-saving potential of these improvements remains uncertain due to the complex interplay of building stock characteristics and climatic conditions. Here, we diagnose the compound effects of envelope improvements and climate change on China's housing energy demand using a physics-based building energy model with fine spatial and temporal granularity, covering 1,677 sub-province-level cities. Our model shows that envelope improvements play very different roles in ameliorating climate change impacts on housing energy use across the country, highlighting the need for building climate-resilient energy supply and pursuing alternative energy efficiency strategies in less climate-resilient regions. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： building energy building envelopes climate change cooling demand heating demand stock dynamics surrogate modeling

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Wind farm active voltage regulation strategy of transient support improvement 8

Wind farm active voltage regulation strategy of transient su...

引用

8th Renewable Power Generation Conference, RPG 2019

作者： Yang, Cui Peng, Song Xuekun, Cheng Ying, Qiao Xiaosheng, Wang Jingbo, Liu State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.Ltd. Research Institute North China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Xicheng District Beijing China Grid-connected Operation Technology Wind-Solar-Storage Hybrid System State Grid Corporation Key Laboratory Xicheng District Beijing China State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781839531255

The cumulative installed capacity of wind power worldwide has grown rapidly in recent years. Fixed reactive power control is adopted by wind turbines (WTs) to receive cycle instruction of wind farm (WF) automatic voltage control system (AVCS). It does not have active voltage regulation (AVR) capability, which reduces the reliability of power system operation. Firstly, two ways of WTs AVR which QV droop control and Vac control mode are introduced in this paper. On the basis, the problems of reactive power circulation and control points inconsistency during multiWTs voltage regulation are discussed. The problems are solved by coordination of WTs of WF AVR strategy. WF voltage transient support capability is promoted by the strategy. Effectiveness is verified by simulation case of the proposed method. © 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reactive power

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Optimal Configuration of Wind-to-Ammonia with the Electric Network and Hydrogen Supply Chain: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Jiarong Lin, Jin Heuser, Philipp-Matthias Heinrichs, Heidi Ursula Xiao, Jinyu Liu, Feng Robinius, Martin Song, Yonghua Stolten, Detlef IEEE IEEE Fellow IEEE Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization Beijing100031 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Taipa999078 China

Converting wind energy into ammonia (WtA) has been recognized as a promising pathway to enhance the usage of wind generation. This paper proposes a generic optimal configuration model of WtA at the network level to minimize the ammonia production cost by optimizing capacities and locations of WtA facilities including wind turbines, electrolyzers, hydrogen tanks and optimizing supply modes among regions. Specifically, the temporal fluctuation characteristics of wind resources, the operation flexibility of the ammonia synthesis reactor and the transport distances are considered. Three typical supply modes, i.e., the Local WtA, the EN (electric network)-based WtA and the HSC (hydrogen supply chain)-based WtA, combined with two energy transport modes including EN and HT (Hydrogen truck trailers) are included with the consideration of the maximal energy transport capacity of EN and transport distance per day of HT (500km). Real data of Inner Mongolia (a typical province in China with rich wind resources and existing ammonia industries) is employed to verify the effectiveness and significance of proposed model. The effect of above significant factors on optimal planning capacity of WtA facilities and optimal energy transport modes is analyzed, which provides guidelines for WtA configuration. The economic analysis shows that the average LCOA (levelized cost of ammonia) for WtA is approximately 0.57 €/kg in Inner Mongolia and comparable to that for CtA (coal-to-ammonia, 0.41 €/kg) with a reduction of 30% in capacity cost of the facilities. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ammonia

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Hazard-evaluation-oriented Moving Horizon Parallel Steering control for Driver-Automation Collaboration During Automated Driving

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第6期5卷 1062-1073页

作者： Hongyan Guo Linhuan Song Jun Liu Fei-Yue Wang Dongpu Cao Hong Chen Chen Lv Partick Chi-Kwong Luk State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control and the Department of Con-trol Science and Engineering Jilin University(Campus Nanling)Changchun130025China State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Research Center for Military Computational Experiments and Parallel Systems Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department at the University ot Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONNZL3G1Canada Department of Automotive Engineering Cranfield UniversityBedfordshire MK43 0ALUK School of Water Energy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityBedfordshire MK43 0ALUK

Prompted by emerging developments in connected and automated vehicles, parallel steering control, one aspect of parallel driving, has become highly important for intelligent vehicles for easing the burden and ensuring the safety of human drivers. This paper presents a parallel steering control framework for an intelligent vehicle using moving horizon *** framework considers lateral stability, collision avoidance and actuator saturation and describes them as constraints, which can blend the operation of a human driver and a parallel steering controller effectively. Moreover, the road hazard and the steering operation error are employed to evaluate the operational hazardous of an intelligent vehicle. Under the hazard evaluation,the intelligent vehicle will be mainly operated by the human driver when the vehicle operates in a safe and stable *** automated steering driving objective will play an active role and regulate the steering operations of the intelligent vehicle based on the hazard evaluation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed hazard-evaluation-oriented moving horizon parallel steering control approach, various validations are conducted, and the results are compared with a parallel steering scheme that does not consider automated driving situations. The results illustrate that the proposed parallel steering controller achieves acceptable performance under both conventional conditions and hazardous conditions.

关键词： Hazard evaluation intelligent vehicle atera stability moving horizon optimization paralle steering control

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Optimal control of DERs in ADN under spatial and temporal correlated uncertainties

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Chen, Xiaoshuang Lin, Jin Liu, Feng Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The control schemes of distributed energy resources (DERs) in active distribution networks (ADNs) are largely influenced by uncertainties. The uncertainties of DERs are complicated, containing spatial and temporal correlation, which makes it challenging to design proper control schemes, especially when there exist temporal-correlated units such as energy units (EUs). This paper provides an Itô process model to describe the characteristics of stochastic resources and EUs in a unified way, which makes it easy to evaluate the impacts of stochastic resources on temporal-correlated units. Based the moment form of the Itô process model, a moment optimization (MO) approach is provided to transform the stochastic control (SC) problem into an optimization problem with respect to the first-order and second-order moments of the system variables. The scale of MO is comparable to that of the corresponding deterministic control problem, which means that the computational efficiency of MO is much smaller than that of traditional approaches. Case studies also show that the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in both the performance and computational efficiency, which means that the proposed approach has attractive potential for use in large-scale applications. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy resources

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arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Jiashuo Zhou, Sili Wei, Wendong Qi, Jianchuan Li, Yumeng Chen, Bin Zhang, Ning Guan, Dabo Qian, Haoqi Wu, Xiaohui Miao, Jiawen Chen, Long Liang, Sai Feng, Kuishuang Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University Weihai264209 State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Laboratory of Anthropogenic Systems Ecology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing100871 China Institute for Global Public Policy Fudan University Shanghai200433 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai200241 China

China has implemented retrofitting measures in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to reduce air pollution through small unit shutdown (SUS), the installation of air pollution control devices (APCDs) and power generation efficiency (PGE) improvement. The reductions in highly toxic Hg emissions and their related health impacts by these measures have not been well studied. To refine mitigation options, we evaluated the health benefits of reduced Hg emissions via retrofitting measures during China's 12th Five-Year Plan by combining plant-level Hg emission inventories with the China Hg Risk Source-Tracking Model. We found that the measures reduced Hg emissions by 23.5 tons (approximately 1/5 of that from CFPPs in 2010), preventing 0.0021 points of per-foetus intelligence quotient (IQ) decrements and 114 deaths from fatal heart attacks. These benefits were dominated by CFPP shutdowns and APCD installations. Provincial health benefits were largely attributable to Hg reductions in other regions. We also demonstrated the necessity of considering human health impacts, rather than just Hg emission reductions, in selecting Hg control devices. This study also suggests that Hg control strategies should consider various factors, such as CFPP locations, population densities and trade-offs between reductions of total Hg (THg) and Hg2+. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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Theoretical analysis and simulation of phase separation in a driven bidirectional two-lane system

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Physical Review E 2019年第3期100卷 032133-032133页

作者： Qing-Yi Hao Rui Jiang Mao-Bin Hu Yunxin Zhang Chao-Yun Wu Ning Guo Key Laboratory of Modeling Simulation and Control of Complex Ecosystem in Dabie Mountains of Anhui Higher Education Institutes School of Mathematics and Computational Science Anqing Normal University Anqing 246133 China School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China

The two-lane driven system is a type of important model to research some transport systems, and also a powerful tool to investigate properties of nonequilibrium state systems. This paper presents a driven bidirectional two-lane model. The dynamic characteristics of the model with periodic boundary are investigated by Monte Carlo simulation, simple mean field, and cluster mean field methods, respectively. By simulations, phase separations are observed in the system with some values of model parameters. When the phase separation does not occur, cluster mean field results are in good agreement with simulation results. According to the cluster mean field analysis and simulations, a conjecture about the condition that the phase separation happens is proposed. Based on the conjecture, the phase boundary distinguishing phase separation state and homogeneous state is determined, and a corresponding phase diagram is drawn. The conjecture is validated through observing directly the spatiotemporal diagram and investigating the coarsening process of the system by simulation, and a possible mechanism causing the phase separation is also discussed. These outcomes maybe contribute to understand deeply transport systems including the congestion and efficiency of the transport, and enrich explorations of nonequilibrium state systems.

关键词： Dynamical phase transitions Phase diagrams Phase separation Phase transitions Transport phenomena

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On engineering game theory with its application in power systems

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control Theory and Technology 2017年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Shengwei MEI Wei WEI Feng LIU Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Tsinghua Universily Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Due to its capability of solving decision-making problems involving multiple entities and objectives, as well as complex action sequences, game theory has been a basic mathematical tool of economists, politicians, and sociologists for decades. It helps them understand how strategic interactions impact rational decisions of individual players in competitive and uncertain environment, if each player aims to get the best payoff. This situation is ubiquitous in engineering practices. This paper streamlines the foundations of engineering game theory, which uses concepts, theories and methodologies to guide the resolution of engineering design, operation, and control problems in a more canonical and systematic way. An overview of its application in smart grid technologies and power systems related topics is presented, and intriguing research directions are also envisioned.

关键词： Decision making engineering game theory power system smart grid technology

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ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE LIFE LOSS OF DRIVETRAIN OF DOUBLY-FED WIND TURBINES UNDER SHORT-CIRCUIT FAULT OF POWER GRID

ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE LIFE LOSS OF DRIVETRAIN OF DOUBLY-FED WI...

引用

International Conference on Renewable Power Generation

作者： Qiu Shilong Li Hui Gong Lijiao Wang Bin Chai Zhaoseng Wu You Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi China State Key Laboratory of Power Drivetrain Equipment and System Security Chongqing University Chongqing China State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments (Department of Electrical Engineering) Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Power Drivetrain Equipment and System Security Chongqing University Chongqing China

ISBN: (数字)9781839531248

ISBN: (纸本)9781839531255

The shafting drivetrain of the doubly fed wind turbine is the part with the highest failure rate. The electromagnetic torque fluctuation caused by the grid fault easily results in the torsional vibration fatigue loss of the shaft. Accordingly, the influences of drivetrain fatigue life loss under different grid faults require investigation. Firstly, the four-mass model of the drivetrain is constructed on the basis of MATLAB/Simulink. Secondly, the electromagnetic torque response under short-circuit fault of the grid is obtained via model simulation. Finally, the effects of different types of grid faults on the fatigue life of the drivetrain are analysed through Mlife. Results show that the electromagnetic torque fluctuation load generated by grid fault has no apparent influence on the fatigue life of the drivetrain in the short term, but the cumulative effect of short-term damage will aggravate the fatigue life loss of the drivetrain and increase the failure risk of the component. The electromagnetic torque generated by the three-phase symmetrical short-circuit is the most violent and has the maximum effect on the fatigue life of the drivetrain.

关键词： WIND TURBINE SHORT-CIRCUIT FAULT TORSIONAL VIBRATION FATIGUE LIFE DRIVETRAIN

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Modeling and Operation of the Power-to-Gas System for Renewables Integration: A Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2018年第2期4卷 168-178页

作者： Xuetao Xing Jin Lin Yonghua Song You Zhou Shujun Mu Qiang Hu State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacaoChina Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy Beijing 102211China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu 610213China

Power-to-Gas(P2G)plays an important role in enhancing large-scale renewable energy integration in power *** an emerging inter-disciplinary subject,P2G technology requires knowledge in electrochemistry,electrical engineering,thermodynamic engineering,chemical engineering and system *** at P2G modeling and operational problems concerning the research field of power systems and the energy internet,this paper briefly reviews the main technologies and application potentials of the P2G system,and makes systematic summaries of major progresses related to P2G’s integration into the power grid in a bottom-top manner,including the modeling of high/room-temperature electrolysis cells,steady-state/dynamic optimization control of the P2G system,P2G’s integrated model and operational strategies at the grid *** the final part of this paper,suggestions are put forward on future research directions of P2G systems from the aspects of modeling and operational optimization.

关键词： Electrolysis cell multi-energy network modeling and operation power-to-gas

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