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LEARNING MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECEPTION IN A TWO-PLAYER DIFFERENTIAL GAME USING REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM

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International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control 2022年第6期18卷 1667-1688页

作者： Asgharnia, Amirhossein Schwartz, Howard Atia, Mohamed Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

In this paper, a framework is established to model a deceitful agent and train it in an adversarial two-player game. In the game, a player uses multi-objective deception to manipulate its opponent’s belief about its true intention. In this regard, the player is trained to switch between different strategies based on its state in the game. There is a lower-level policy, which stores the policy to carry out a primitive task. Moreover, there is a higher-level policy, which changes the desired task in different states. The game of guarding territories is utilized to investigate the control mechanism. The lower-level policy is trained via the fuzzy actor-critic learning (FACL) algorithm, and the higher-level policy is extracted via the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The results show that by implementing a two-level policy, the invader can increase its pay-off against a non-deceptive situation. In addition, a comparison is conducted between the higher-level policies based on their input information. © 2022, ICIC International.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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MsDC-DEQ-Net: Deep Equilibrium Model (DEQ) with Multi-scale Dilated Convolution for Image Compressive Sensing (CS)

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yu, Youhao Dansereau, Richard M. Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada

Compressive sensing (CS) is a technique that enables the recovery of sparse signals using fewer measurements than traditional sampling methods. To address the computational challenges of CS reconstruction, our objective is to develop an interpretable and concise neural network model for reconstructing natural images using CS. We achieve this by mapping one step of the iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (ISTA) to a deep network block, representing one iteration of ISTA. To enhance learning ability and incorporate structural diversity, we integrate aggregated residual transformations (ResNeXt) and squeeze-and-excitation (SE) mechanisms into the ISTA block. This block serves as a deep equilibrium layer, connected to a semi-tensor product network (STP-Net) for convenient sampling and providing an initial reconstruction. The resulting model, called MsDC-DEQ-Net, exhibits competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art network-based methods. It significantly reduces storage requirements compared to deep unrolling methods, using only one iteration block instead of multiple iterations. Unlike deep unrolling models, MsDC-DEQ-Net can be iteratively used, gradually improving reconstruction accuracy while considering computation trade-offs. Additionally, the model benefits from multi-scale dilated convolutions, further enhancing performance. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Convolution

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LookHere: vision transformers with directed attention generalize and extrapolate 24

LookHere: vision transformers with directed attention genera...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Anthony Fuller Daniel G. Kyrollos Yousef Yassin James R. Green Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

High-resolution images offer more information about scenes that can improve model accuracy. However, the dominant model architecture in computer vision, the vision transformer (ViT), cannot effectively leverage larger images without finetuning — ViTs poorly extrapolate to more patches at test time, although transformers offer sequence length flexibility. We attribute this shortcoming to the current patch position encoding methods, which create a distribution shift when extrapolating. We propose a drop-in replacement for the position encoding of plain ViTs that restricts attention heads to fixed fields of view, pointed in different directions, using 2D attention masks. Our novel method, called LookHere, provides translation-equivariance, ensures attention head diversity, and limits the distribution shift that attention heads face when extrapolating. We demonstrate that LookHere improves performance on classification (avg.↑ 1.6%), against adversarial attack (avg.↑ 5.4%), and decreases calibration error (avg.↓ 1.5%) — on ImageNet without extrapolation. With extrapolation, LookHere outperforms the current SoTA position encoding method, 2D-RoPE, by 21.7% on ImageNet when trained at 2242 px and tested at 10242 px. Additionally, we release a high-resolution test set to improve the evaluation of high-resolution image classifiers, called ImageNet-HR.

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Exploring the Suitability of Existing VR Locomotion Technique Applications for Older Adults - A Scoping Review

Exploring the Suitability of Existing VR Locomotion Techniqu...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Kit-Ying Angela Chong Christine Murad Cosmin Munteanu Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Department of Computer Science Carleton University

ISBN: (数字)9798331514846

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525637

Virtual reality (VR) locomotion techniques are commonly known as the ability to navigate or move in virtual spaces. With the increasing VR applications for older adults (OAs), locomotion techniques become increasingly important for their experience, especially since many VR applications aim to support healthy aging. Yet, we do not know whether the commonly used locomotion techniques in VR are suitably designed for OAs. As a first step toward understanding this, we conducted a scoping review of VR literature in two databases (ACM Library and IEEE Xplore). We employed the PRISMA method to identify papers that includes empirical studies and head mounted display (HMD) VR applications intended for OAs. The search returned 399 papers, and 47 papers were selected after 2 rounds of screening. The analysis of these papers shows that motion-based and room scale-based locomotion techniques are most common in VR applications for OAs. However, we also found a lack of formal evaluation of how suitable the common VR locomotion techniques are for OAs – a gap that needs addressing in order to improve the accessibility of VR for older users.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Reviews Databases Navigation Virtual reality Resists Medical services User interfaces Libraries Older adults

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Binaural Characterization of Active Noise Cancelling Headphones

Binaural Characterization of Active Noise Cancelling Headpho...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Brady Laska Rafik Goubran Bruce Wallace Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Bruyére Research Institute Ottawa Canada Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Bruyére Research Institute SAM 3 Innovation Hub Ottawa Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Active noise cancelling (ANC) headphones have traditionally been used to protect hearing or to reduce the masking of noise on a desired signal and in these applications the primary goal is to maximize noise attenuation. Increasingly ANC headphones are being used for general sound control, to reduce noise-induced stress, and to aid focus and concentration. In these situations, the quality and naturalness of the remaining sound becomes more important as there is often no desired playback signal to mask artifacts. Fluctuating noise levels or differences in processing between channels can create distracting artifacts or distort the binaural cues used for sound localization and situational awareness. In this work we propose using a binaural measurement apparatus to characterize the uncancelled residual noise measured inside the cavity of ANC headphones. We evaluate total noise reduction, residual noise quality, and preservation of binaural cues. We validate the approach using representative consumer circumaural (over-ear) ANC headphones. Results show similar levels of attenuation and good subjective noise quality for both low-cost and premium devices. Distortion of low frequency time and level difference cues was observed for high cancellation levels, additional work is needed to quantify the impact of these distortions on localization.

关键词： Headphones Location awareness Time-frequency analysis Noise reduction Distortion Noise cancellation Attenuation

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Seaird Model to Simulate the Impact of Human Behaviors

Seaird Model to Simulate the Impact of Human Behaviors

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2023 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2023

作者： Fahlman, Aidan Wainer, Gabriel Carleton University Systems and Computer Engineering 1125 Colonel By Dr OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369663

Compartmental models have been utilized in the study and understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional models have been expanded to include geographical level transmission dynamics and new states. Here, we present a model based on Cell-DEVS specifications that can be used to define and study the effects of basic human behavior. We include mask wearing and lockdown fatigue, and an adaptable framework allowing for the rapid prototyping of different diseases and behaviors. We exemplify how to build the model and adapt the attributes using the provinces of Canada as a case study. The results show the effect mask mandates, mask wearing, and lockdown fatigue have on case counts over time. © 2023 IEEE.

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Model Predictive Control for Automated Network Assurance in Intent-Based Networking enabled Service Function Chains 36

Model Predictive Control for Automated Network Assurance in ...

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36th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2023

作者： Avgeris, Marios Leivadeas, Aris Athanasopoulos, Nikolaos Lambadaris, Ioannis Falkner, Matthias Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Ottawa Canada Ácole de Technologie Supérieure Department of Software and It Engineering Montreal Canada Queen's University School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Belfast United Kingdom Cisco Systems Ottawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665477161

Recent trends in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) combined with Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G applications have reshaped the network service offering. In particular, Service Function Chains (SFCs) can associate network functions with physical and virtual resources towards providing a complete network service. Concurrently, the management of a continuously expanding network and the fulfillment of the applications' requirements pave the way for autonomic network solutions. Intent Based Networking (IBN) is a novel paradigm that aims to achieve the automatic orchestration of network services and the assurance of their performance. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a novel automated network assurance model, based on Model Predictive Control, to guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) and security requirements of multi-tenant and IBN-enabled SFCs. In this context, corrective decisions are proactively taken, in the form of incoming intent relocations among the SFCs. The results reveal that our model can assure with high probability the application requirements and minimize QoS violations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Network function virtualization

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Approximate Discrete-Event Method for Supervisory Control

Approximate Discrete-Event Method for Supervisory Control

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2023 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2023

作者： Jamal, Maaz Wainer, Gabriel Carleton University Systems and Computer Engineering 1125 Colonel By Dr OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369663

Supervisory systems are used to and act when certain events are detected. Studying supervisory using formal Discrete Event Modelling & Simulation allows analyzing an application and then using the model to build the controllers. Supervisors can lead to a state space explosion if the model size increases, thus, reducing the state space complexity can expand the practicality of the model. We present a method based on Discrete Event System Specifications using an approximate method that reduces the state space complexity. The plant models and synthesized controllers can then be deployed on embedded hardware providing model continuity. We discuss the method and present a case study of a supervisory system. © 2023 IEEE.

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On the Impact of Flooding Attacks on 5G Slicing with Different VNF Sharing Configurations

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2024年

作者： AbdulGhaffar, AbdulAziz Mahyoub, Mohammed Matrawy, Ashraf Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Canada School of Information Technology Carleton University Canada

Virtualized Network Function (VNF) sharing among multiple Fifth Generation (5G) slices allows network operators to increase the efficiency and utilization of the network. However, this sharing of VNFs can result in a degradation of the performance of the slices in the presence of an attack. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of flooding attacks on the performance of 5G slices with different VNF sharing configurations. We consider two VNF sharing configurations, in the first configuration, the Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) are shared among the deployed slices, while the SMF and UPF of the slices are isolated in the second configuration. The performance of these configurations is evaluated using different traffic types under two flooding attack scenarios;a ping flood attack targeting the data plane of 5G network, and a registration request flood attack directed at the control plane of 5G network. Our results showed different responses in the control and data planes. In the data plane, isolating VNFs of the slices provides better performance and mitigates the adverse effects of the attacks studied. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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On the Impact of Flooding Attacks on 5G Slicing with Different VNF Sharing Configurations

On the Impact of Flooding Attacks on 5G Slicing with Differe...

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International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN)

作者： AbdulAziz AbdulGhaffar Mohammed Mahyoub Ashraf Matrawy Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Canada School of Information Technology Carleton University Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350348972

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348989

Virtualized Network Function (VNF) sharing among multiple Fifth Generation (5G) slices allows network operators to increase the efficiency and utilization of the network. However, this sharing of VNFs can result in a degradation of the performance of the slices in the presence of an attack. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of flooding attacks on the performance of 5G slices with different VNF sharing configu-rations. We consider two VNF sharing configurations, in the first configuration, the Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) are shared among the deployed slices, while the SMF and UPF of the slices are isolated in the second configuration. The performance of these configurations is evaluated using different traffic types under two flooding attack scenarios; a ping flood attack targeting the data plane of 5G network, and a registration request flood attack directed at the control plane of 5G network. Our results showed different responses in the control and data planes. In the data plane, isolating VNFs of the slices provides better performance and mitigates the adverse effects of the attacks studied.

关键词： Degradation 5G mobile communication Downlink Reliability engineering Delays Floods Security

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