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International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT)

作者： D.W. Lane C.W. Richter G.B. Sheble Systems Engineering Program Iowa State University Ames IA USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Iowa State University Ames IA USA

Under deregulation, the formation of electricity markets is a topic of great interest in the power industry and in financial institutions worldwide. Using derivative financial instruments (including options) becomes important for hedging against uncertainty and managing risk-limiting exposure to adverse market conditions. Black and Scholes' equation is often used to value options, but its validity is questionable due to assumptions that may not hold for electricity, most notably the assumption of log-normally distributed prices for the underlying commodity. In this research, a put options market for electricity is modeled. Adaptive agents trade in this market to maximize profit. They are not forced to use an explicit economic or financial model (e.g., Black-Scholes) in their valuation. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find alternate valuations that are used to generate buy and sell signals. The results show that it is possible to evolve profitable valuations for use with buying and selling options in this simple model. Reasons for and implications of this finding (e.g., that Black-Scholes may not be a good method for pricing electricity derivatives) are discussed.

关键词： Cost accounting Electricity supply industry deregulation Electricity supply industry Power industry Instruments Uncertainty Financial management Risk management Equations Power system economics

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Biophysical and spectral characteristics of cool- and warm-season grasslands under three land management practices in Eastern Kansas

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Natural Resources Research 2000年第4期9卷 321-331页

作者： Guo, Xulin Price, Kevin P. Stiles, James M. Kansas Applied Remote Sensing Program (KARS) Department of Geography University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 2335 Irving Hill Road United States Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory (RSL) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 2335 Irving Hill Road United States Lawrence KS 66045 2335 Irving Hill Road United States

Grasslands are the largest of the Earth's four major vegetation types and are among the most agriculturally productive lands. Grassland management practices alter biophysical factors, such as plant species composition, soil structure and chemistry, and primary productivity. Large-scale changes in land management practices can have significant impacts on available natural resources, therefore impacting a regional socioeconomics. For these reasons, an improved understanding of the geographic distribution of changing land management practices and how these changes affect grassland biophysical characteristics of an area is critical to improve land use planning and practices. This study investigated the spectral characteristics, as measured using satellite remotely sensed data, of three land management practices [grazing, haying, and management under Conservation Reserve program (CRP)] on areas dominated by cool- and warm-season grasslands. The satellite imagery was acquired in May, July, and September in 1997 over Douglas County, Kansas. Biomass, vegetation cover, and species richness data were collected around the satellite overflight periods. Our results indicate that the biophysical characteristics and spectral reflectances are significantly different among the three management practices over cool- and warm-season grasslands. Interestingly, sites grazed by livestock had the highest species richness and the highest forb cover, although the total cover is almost the same as the other practices, and they have the highest near-infrared reflectance throughout the growing season. © 2000 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

关键词： Landsat Tallgrass prairie Thematic Mapper (TM)

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Robust H ∞ Filtering for Linear Continuous-Time Uncertain systems With Multiple Delays: An LMI Approach

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2000年第14期33卷 249-254页

作者： Reinaldo M. Palhares Pedro L.D. Peres Carlos E. de Souza Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Av. Dom José Gaspar 500 Prédio 4 30535-610 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas CP 6101 13081-970 Campinas Sp Brazil Department of Systems and Control Laboratório Nacional de Computção Científica - LNCC Av. Getúlio Vargas 333 25651-070 Petrópolis RJ Brazil.

The problem of robust H ∞ filter design for uncertain continuous-time linear systems with multiple time-delayed states is addressed in this paper. The uncertainties are assumed to belong to convex bounded domains (polytope type uncertainty) and the time delays are supposed to be constant. Delay-independent as well as delay-dependent stability conditions assuring robust stability and a prescribed H ∞ disturbance attenuation for the filtering error system are established, in both cases, in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be efficiently solved by standard optimization procedures with global convergence assured. Two illustrative examples are analyzed.

关键词： Time-delay systems Delay-dependent stability Delay-independent stability Robust H ∞ filtering Linear matrix inequalities

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Real-time collision-free path panning of robot manipulators using neural network approaches 3

Real-time collision-free path panning of robot manipulators ...

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3rd IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, CIRA 1999

作者： Yang, Simon X. Meng, Max Engineering Systems and Computing Program School of Engineering University of Guelph GuelphONNIG 2W1 Canada Lab. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2G7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780358066

In this paper, a novel neural network approach to real-time collision-free path planning of robot manipulators in a nonstationary environment is proposed, which is based on a biologically inspired neural network model for dynamic trajectory generation of a point mobile robot. The state space of the proposed neural network is the joint space of the robot manipulators, where the dynamics of each neuron is characterized by a shunting equation. The real-time robot path is planned through the dynamic neural activity landscape that represents the dynamic environment. The proposed model for robot path planning with safety consideration is capable of planning a real-time "comfortable"path without suffering from the "too close"nor "too far"problems. The model algorithm is computationally efficient. The computational complexity is linearly dependent on the neural network size. The effectiveness and efficiency are demonstrated through simulation studies. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Robot programming

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A comparison of training algorithms for DHP adaptive critic neurocontrol

A comparison of training algorithms for DHP adaptive critic ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris T.T. Shannon A. Rustan Systems Science Ph.D. Program and Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Portland State University USA

A variety of alternate training strategies for implementing the dual heuristic programming (DHP) method of approximate dynamic programming in the neurocontrol context are explored. The DHP method of controller training has been successfully demonstrated by a number of authors on a variety of control problems in recent years, but no unified view of the implementation details of the method has yet emerged. A number of options are described for sequencing the training of the controller and critic networks in DHP implementations. Results are given about their relative efficiency and the quality of the resulting controllers for two benchmark control problems.

关键词： Neural networks Shape control Dynamic programming Equations Design optimization Amorphous materials Design methodology Feedback loop Supervised learning Process design

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Recurrent neural gas in electric load forecasting

Recurrent neural gas in electric load forecasting

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M.A. Teixeira G. Zaverucha V.N.A.L. da Silva G.F. Ribeiro Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program-Graduate Programs in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Electric Power Research Center Brazil

We have proposed for the task of hourly electric load forecasting a hybrid neural system combining unsupervised and supervised learning. The system consists of a recurrent neural gas (RNG) network and many Elman neural networks (ENs). RNG is a modification we introduced in the neural gas (NG) network in order to enable it to do clustering using a sequence of input data. For verifying the RNG's performance, many architectures are compared in the learning of global and local models. In a global model only one supervised network is trained and in a local model the training examples are grouped by a clustering algorithm and each one of these groups is sent to different supervised networks. These architectures use different clustering algorithms (NG and RNG) or different supervised networks for prediction (ENs that are trained by backpropagation or backpropagation through time, and feedforward networks).

关键词： Load forecasting Clustering algorithms Neural networks Predictive models Power engineering and energy Backpropagation algorithms Supervised learning systems engineering and theory computer science Recurrent neural networks

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Definition of evaluation criteria for system development acquisition modeling and simulation

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 55-64页

作者： Leite, MJ Mensh, DR Michael J. Leite:is a Principal Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries. He supports combat system engineering for theater air and missile defense. His other tasks have included the command and control for the AEGIS shipbuilding program systems engineering for the 21st Century Surface Combatant combat system survivability and the development of NATO standardization agreements for naval ordnance. He was previously a Senior Engineer with San Diego Gas & Electric with responsibility for its energy application and lighting programs. Prior to joining SDG&E Mr. Leite was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in operations and engineering assignments. Following active duty he accepted a Naval Reserve commission and has retired with the rank of Captain. His assignments included command operational and engineering tours. Mr. Leite has also served as an expert witness in admiralty and engineering matters. He is a gradate of the University of California Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering and also holds a Masters Degree in Business Administration from National University in San Diego. Mr. Leite is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of California and Minnesota. Mr. Leite is a member of ASNE ASCE MORS the Illuminating Engineering Society and the U.S. Naval institute. Dennis Roy Mensh:is a Senior Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries in Crystal City VA where he supports modeling and simulation tasking for combat systems. He received BS and MS degrees in applied Physics from Lopola College in Baltimore MD and the American University in Washington DC. He has also completed the course work towards a Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of Operations Reseurch Anabsis Systems Analysis and Computer Modeling and Simulation. Previously he was employed at the White Oak Laboratory of the Naval Surface Warfare Carter in Silver Spring MD where he worked in the areas of naval sensor and weapon system analysis

This paper defines, develops and examines a set of generic analysis tools that can be applied to Models and Simulations at the systems engineering level of fidelity. The tools examine the performance and effectiveness of Sensors;Weapons;and Battle Management, Command, Control, Communications, computers, and Intelligence ((BMCI)-I-4) systems and equipment. The Measures of Performance (MOPs), Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Force Effectiveness (MOFEs) were extracted from the Modular Command and Control Structure Paradigm which was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The paradigm provides for the development of evaluation criteria (MOPs, MOEs, and MOFEs) in a framework that ensures the traceability of system performance and effectiveness to the system operational requirements as specified in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD). Also, the analysis tools provide insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of the defined system functionality threads, which represent the system's operational requirements as specified in the ORD. The tools are directly transferrable and applicable to test and evaluation exercise events which are conducted in support of the development and acquisition of systems and equipment. Once the levels of system performance have been defined, the Paradigm generates a quantitative database that becomes a useful tool in system tradeoffs and selection. Once the alternative system suites have been defined, the suites can be analyzed in terms of system functionality threads and their corresponding performance capabilities versus cost.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Modelling combat system manning and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 153-171页

作者： Roos, CH Carl H. Roos:is a Senior Engineer with Logicon-Syscon. A graduate of the University of Pittsburgh with a BSEE degree he has over 35 years experience in functional operational combat system fire control interface and computer program design. As technology changed and the combat system was upgraded Mr. Roos maintained his level of technical expertise by taking graduate-level courses in computer science modelling & structured analysis networking & fiber optics. He has worked in various capacities on the LHD LHA DDG 993 DD 963 LPD 17 LCC LPD 13 CGN 38 CGN 9 CG 26 and the DDG Class Combat Systems. In recent years Mr. Roos has been responsible for managing directing and performing engineering design and analysis efforts associated with Battle Management Organization (BMO) functional analysis and operational analysis. These efforts were used in defining combat system operational requirements shipboard space requirements and integration requirements. His paper “Configuration Management of Digital Programs” was published at the 1972 IEEE Southeastern Conrence.

NAVSEA 03K41 is responsible for generating Combat System Rattle Management Organizations (BMO) and Functional Flow Diagrams (FFD). Several years ago, NAVSEA provided the resources to conduct a functional analysis that would support the development and validation of the BMOs and FFDs. The major obstacle in performing the analysis was obtaining a consensus on how the functional hierarchy was to be structured. The non-optimum organization of the hierarchy was selected;as a result, the functions were difficult to define, find, use, and validate. Recognizing the shortcomings of this effort, research was conducted to evaluate state-of-the-art structured modelling techniques, concepts, and methodologies. Two modelling concepts by James Martin were found to be applicable for the combat system functional analysis: Enterprise Modelling Concept and Functional Decomposition Modelling Concept. The Structure Modelling definitions of Whitten, Bently, and Barlow provided the guidelines for using the Martin concepts. During the ensuing BMO and FFD development efforts, a Ship's Combat System (SCS) Modelling concept evolved and a SCS Model was developed. This paper addresses how the modelling concepts and tools are used in the BMO and FFD development and validation process. Data from the SCS Model provides the basis for defining combat system requirements (e.g., software, data display, database, networking, etc.).

关键词： Naval vessels

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Acquisition of the enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force, MPF(E), Ship

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 15-26页

作者： Mazumdar, T Sandison, J DuFlocq, R Thpan Mazurndar:is a Deputy Ship Design Manager from Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. He was the Design Manager for the Engineering and Design Phase ofthe Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Fme Ship (MPF(E)). Cuwently Mt: M2.zumdar is Deputy Ship Design Manager in NAVSEA 030 for the LHD and LSD classes of ships. Mr. Mazumdar was awarded a BSE in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1981 and an MS in Computer Science fiom Virginia Tech in 1988. He also possesses an International ChiejEngineer License (Motot unlimited). Mr. Mancmdar has been an Associate Member of WAME since 1981. James C. Sandison:is a Senior Ship Design Manager (SDM) for surface ships in the Nawl Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA03D3C). He has a long tem practical background in design construction and testing of surface ships. Starting in NAVSEC as a diving and salvage systems engineer for the Bathyscaph TRIESTE he has been involved with most ofthe Nays Mine Warfare and Auxiliary ships from naval architect to the present Senior Ship Design Manager for the Strategic Sealift Program. Mr: Sandison entered the U.S. Navy in 1956 in the (diesel) Submarine Service. Afterward he “went to sea in sailing ships and completed an apprenticeship as a wooden shipbuildex. In 1971 he graduated from the University of Michigan with a BSE in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and was employed by NAVSEC. His latest additional duties have been as engineering coordinator on board the USS CONSTITUTION for her 200th anniversary sail. Mr. Sandison is a member of SNAME ASNE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Rick DuFlocq has over 24 years of combined project management mechanical system and general awangmmt design and design documentation experience the last 14 years urith Advance Marine Enterprises (AME). He has fmjmned this wurk on a wide variety of ships and auxiliary crafl including submarines primarily for the U.S. Navy and the Military Sealift Command (MSC). He has worked for both shiprards and marine eng

The paper will describe the streamlined acquisition process involved in the procurement, and conversion, of the first two of three Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(E)) ships. This program was one of the first programs undertaken within the Government's new policy of Acquisition Reform, which resulted in the development of "performance based" requirements for these ships. This program is notable in that one prime contractor is responsible for the accomplishment of all phases, and that the contractors participating were not shipyards as is usually the fashion for Government ship acquisition programs. Also of note, was that after the conversion contracts were awarded, responsibility for the conduct of detail design, conversion, and operation and maintenance of the ship was transferred from the NAVSEA Sealift program Office (PMS 385) to the Military Sealift Command (MSC). The first part of the paper will describe the basic mission of the MPF(E) ships, and a description of the origin of the program requirements. The second part of the paper will chronicle in detail the portions of the engineering design and specification development process, which will include descriptions of the unique digital data recording and tracking systems developed by the Government MPF(E) Design Support Team to support the acquisition phases of the procurement. The third and final part of the paper will elaborate on the conversion contract awards and the transition of the program from PMS 385 to MSC.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Floating-gate CMOS analog memory cell array

Floating-gate CMOS analog memory cell array

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： R.R. Harrison P. Hasler B.A. Minch Computation and Neural Systems Program 139-74 California Institute of Technology NASA Pasadena CA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Electrical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

The complexity of analog VLSI systems is often limited by the number of pins on a chip rather than by the die area. Currently, many analog parameters and biases are stored off chip. Moving parameter storage on chip could save pins and allow us to create complex programmable analog systems. In this paper, we present a design for an on-chip non-volatile analog memory cell that can be configured in addressable arrays and programmed easily. We use floating-gate MOS transistors to store charge, and we use the processes of tunneling and hot-electron injection to program values. We achieve greater than 13-bit precision with no crosstalk between memory cells.

关键词： Nonvolatile memory Analog memory Pins Voltage Potentiometers Tunneling Very large scale integration Secondary generated hot electron injection Analog computers CMOS technology

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