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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris T.T. Shannon A. Rustan Systems Science Ph.D. Program and Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Portland State University USA

A variety of alternate training strategies for implementing the dual heuristic programming (DHP) method of approximate dynamic programming in the neurocontrol context are explored. The DHP method of controller training has been successfully demonstrated by a number of authors on a variety of control problems in recent years, but no unified view of the implementation details of the method has yet emerged. A number of options are described for sequencing the training of the controller and critic networks in DHP implementations. Results are given about their relative efficiency and the quality of the resulting controllers for two benchmark control problems.

关键词： Neural networks Shape control Dynamic programming Equations Design optimization Amorphous materials Design methodology Feedback loop Supervised learning Process design

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Recurrent neural gas in electric load forecasting

Recurrent neural gas in electric load forecasting

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M.A. Teixeira G. Zaverucha V.N.A.L. da Silva G.F. Ribeiro Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program-Graduate Programs in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Electric Power Research Center Brazil

We have proposed for the task of hourly electric load forecasting a hybrid neural system combining unsupervised and supervised learning. The system consists of a recurrent neural gas (RNG) network and many Elman neural networks (ENs). RNG is a modification we introduced in the neural gas (NG) network in order to enable it to do clustering using a sequence of input data. For verifying the RNG's performance, many architectures are compared in the learning of global and local models. In a global model only one supervised network is trained and in a local model the training examples are grouped by a clustering algorithm and each one of these groups is sent to different supervised networks. These architectures use different clustering algorithms (NG and RNG) or different supervised networks for prediction (ENs that are trained by backpropagation or backpropagation through time, and feedforward networks).

关键词： Load forecasting Clustering algorithms Neural networks Predictive models Power engineering and energy Backpropagation algorithms Supervised learning systems engineering and theory computer science Recurrent neural networks

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Definition of evaluation criteria for system development acquisition modeling and simulation

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 55-64页

作者： Leite, MJ Mensh, DR Michael J. Leite:is a Principal Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries. He supports combat system engineering for theater air and missile defense. His other tasks have included the command and control for the AEGIS shipbuilding program systems engineering for the 21st Century Surface Combatant combat system survivability and the development of NATO standardization agreements for naval ordnance. He was previously a Senior Engineer with San Diego Gas & Electric with responsibility for its energy application and lighting programs. Prior to joining SDG&E Mr. Leite was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in operations and engineering assignments. Following active duty he accepted a Naval Reserve commission and has retired with the rank of Captain. His assignments included command operational and engineering tours. Mr. Leite has also served as an expert witness in admiralty and engineering matters. He is a gradate of the University of California Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering and also holds a Masters Degree in Business Administration from National University in San Diego. Mr. Leite is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of California and Minnesota. Mr. Leite is a member of ASNE ASCE MORS the Illuminating Engineering Society and the U.S. Naval institute. Dennis Roy Mensh:is a Senior Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries in Crystal City VA where he supports modeling and simulation tasking for combat systems. He received BS and MS degrees in applied Physics from Lopola College in Baltimore MD and the American University in Washington DC. He has also completed the course work towards a Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of Operations Reseurch Anabsis Systems Analysis and Computer Modeling and Simulation. Previously he was employed at the White Oak Laboratory of the Naval Surface Warfare Carter in Silver Spring MD where he worked in the areas of naval sensor and weapon system analysis

This paper defines, develops and examines a set of generic analysis tools that can be applied to Models and Simulations at the systems engineering level of fidelity. The tools examine the performance and effectiveness of Sensors;Weapons;and Battle Management, Command, Control, Communications, computers, and Intelligence ((BMCI)-I-4) systems and equipment. The Measures of Performance (MOPs), Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Force Effectiveness (MOFEs) were extracted from the Modular Command and Control Structure Paradigm which was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The paradigm provides for the development of evaluation criteria (MOPs, MOEs, and MOFEs) in a framework that ensures the traceability of system performance and effectiveness to the system operational requirements as specified in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD). Also, the analysis tools provide insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of the defined system functionality threads, which represent the system's operational requirements as specified in the ORD. The tools are directly transferrable and applicable to test and evaluation exercise events which are conducted in support of the development and acquisition of systems and equipment. Once the levels of system performance have been defined, the Paradigm generates a quantitative database that becomes a useful tool in system tradeoffs and selection. Once the alternative system suites have been defined, the suites can be analyzed in terms of system functionality threads and their corresponding performance capabilities versus cost.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Modelling combat system manning and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 153-171页

作者： Roos, CH Carl H. Roos:is a Senior Engineer with Logicon-Syscon. A graduate of the University of Pittsburgh with a BSEE degree he has over 35 years experience in functional operational combat system fire control interface and computer program design. As technology changed and the combat system was upgraded Mr. Roos maintained his level of technical expertise by taking graduate-level courses in computer science modelling & structured analysis networking & fiber optics. He has worked in various capacities on the LHD LHA DDG 993 DD 963 LPD 17 LCC LPD 13 CGN 38 CGN 9 CG 26 and the DDG Class Combat Systems. In recent years Mr. Roos has been responsible for managing directing and performing engineering design and analysis efforts associated with Battle Management Organization (BMO) functional analysis and operational analysis. These efforts were used in defining combat system operational requirements shipboard space requirements and integration requirements. His paper “Configuration Management of Digital Programs” was published at the 1972 IEEE Southeastern Conrence.

NAVSEA 03K41 is responsible for generating Combat System Rattle Management Organizations (BMO) and Functional Flow Diagrams (FFD). Several years ago, NAVSEA provided the resources to conduct a functional analysis that would support the development and validation of the BMOs and FFDs. The major obstacle in performing the analysis was obtaining a consensus on how the functional hierarchy was to be structured. The non-optimum organization of the hierarchy was selected;as a result, the functions were difficult to define, find, use, and validate. Recognizing the shortcomings of this effort, research was conducted to evaluate state-of-the-art structured modelling techniques, concepts, and methodologies. Two modelling concepts by James Martin were found to be applicable for the combat system functional analysis: Enterprise Modelling Concept and Functional Decomposition Modelling Concept. The Structure Modelling definitions of Whitten, Bently, and Barlow provided the guidelines for using the Martin concepts. During the ensuing BMO and FFD development efforts, a Ship's Combat System (SCS) Modelling concept evolved and a SCS Model was developed. This paper addresses how the modelling concepts and tools are used in the BMO and FFD development and validation process. Data from the SCS Model provides the basis for defining combat system requirements (e.g., software, data display, database, networking, etc.).

关键词： Naval vessels

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Acquisition of the enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force, MPF(E), Ship

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 15-26页

作者： Mazumdar, T Sandison, J DuFlocq, R Thpan Mazurndar:is a Deputy Ship Design Manager from Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. He was the Design Manager for the Engineering and Design Phase ofthe Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Fme Ship (MPF(E)). Cuwently Mt: M2.zumdar is Deputy Ship Design Manager in NAVSEA 030 for the LHD and LSD classes of ships. Mr. Mazumdar was awarded a BSE in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1981 and an MS in Computer Science fiom Virginia Tech in 1988. He also possesses an International ChiejEngineer License (Motot unlimited). Mr. Mancmdar has been an Associate Member of WAME since 1981. James C. Sandison:is a Senior Ship Design Manager (SDM) for surface ships in the Nawl Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA03D3C). He has a long tem practical background in design construction and testing of surface ships. Starting in NAVSEC as a diving and salvage systems engineer for the Bathyscaph TRIESTE he has been involved with most ofthe Nays Mine Warfare and Auxiliary ships from naval architect to the present Senior Ship Design Manager for the Strategic Sealift Program. Mr: Sandison entered the U.S. Navy in 1956 in the (diesel) Submarine Service. Afterward he “went to sea in sailing ships and completed an apprenticeship as a wooden shipbuildex. In 1971 he graduated from the University of Michigan with a BSE in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and was employed by NAVSEC. His latest additional duties have been as engineering coordinator on board the USS CONSTITUTION for her 200th anniversary sail. Mr. Sandison is a member of SNAME ASNE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Rick DuFlocq has over 24 years of combined project management mechanical system and general awangmmt design and design documentation experience the last 14 years urith Advance Marine Enterprises (AME). He has fmjmned this wurk on a wide variety of ships and auxiliary crafl including submarines primarily for the U.S. Navy and the Military Sealift Command (MSC). He has worked for both shiprards and marine eng

The paper will describe the streamlined acquisition process involved in the procurement, and conversion, of the first two of three Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(E)) ships. This program was one of the first programs undertaken within the Government's new policy of Acquisition Reform, which resulted in the development of "performance based" requirements for these ships. This program is notable in that one prime contractor is responsible for the accomplishment of all phases, and that the contractors participating were not shipyards as is usually the fashion for Government ship acquisition programs. Also of note, was that after the conversion contracts were awarded, responsibility for the conduct of detail design, conversion, and operation and maintenance of the ship was transferred from the NAVSEA Sealift program Office (PMS 385) to the Military Sealift Command (MSC). The first part of the paper will describe the basic mission of the MPF(E) ships, and a description of the origin of the program requirements. The second part of the paper will chronicle in detail the portions of the engineering design and specification development process, which will include descriptions of the unique digital data recording and tracking systems developed by the Government MPF(E) Design Support Team to support the acquisition phases of the procurement. The third and final part of the paper will elaborate on the conversion contract awards and the transition of the program from PMS 385 to MSC.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Floating-gate CMOS analog memory cell array

Floating-gate CMOS analog memory cell array

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： R.R. Harrison P. Hasler B.A. Minch Computation and Neural Systems Program 139-74 California Institute of Technology NASA Pasadena CA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Electrical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

The complexity of analog VLSI systems is often limited by the number of pins on a chip rather than by the die area. Currently, many analog parameters and biases are stored off chip. Moving parameter storage on chip could save pins and allow us to create complex programmable analog systems. In this paper, we present a design for an on-chip non-volatile analog memory cell that can be configured in addressable arrays and programmed easily. We use floating-gate MOS transistors to store charge, and we use the processes of tunneling and hot-electron injection to program values. We achieve greater than 13-bit precision with no crosstalk between memory cells.

关键词： Nonvolatile memory Analog memory Pins Voltage Potentiometers Tunneling Very large scale integration Secondary generated hot electron injection Analog computers CMOS technology

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Incorporating contextual information in white blood cell identification 97

Incorporating contextual information in white blood cell ide...

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Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Xubo Song Yaser Abu-Mostafa Joseph Sill Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Dept. of Computer Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

In this paper we propose a technique to incorporate contextual information into object classification. In the real world there are cases where the identity of an object is ambiguous due to the noise in the measurements based on which the classification should be made. It is helpful to reduce the ambiguity by utilizing extra information referred to as context, which in our case is the identities of the accompanying objects. This technique is applied to white blood cell classification. Comparisons are made against "no context" approach, which demonstrates the superior classification performance achieved by using context. In our particular application, it significantly reduces false alarm rate and thus greatly reduces the cost due to expensive clinical tests.

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Empirical testing: The prototyper's evaluation mechanism

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 41-46页

作者： Hafner, AN Arnold N. Hafner Ph.D.:is founder and president of Information Systems Research (ISR). He has twenty-five years of experience in systems development and is published in the field of systems development management. He served as corporate research scientist at Systems Exploration Inc. from 1988 to 1991 program director at Computer Science Corporation from 1983 to 1988 director of operations at Republic Management Systems Corporation from 1981 to 1983 and program manager at Computer Science Corporation from 1972 to 1981. A 1962 graduate of the US. Naval Academy he holds a doctoral degree in human behavior and engineering degrees in electronics and communications. He has taught courses on information systems and systems management at most of the colleges in the San Diego area. Dr. Hafner has presented fourteen refereed research papers while publishing sixteen articles and a book A Manager's Guide to Software System Development.

Evaluating complex systems is the subject of this paper, the third in a series investigating prototyping. It provides an interesting and helpful overview of how to evaluate systems prototypes and outlines the iterative stream of developer-user interactions that is replacing older approaches to testing and evaluating new military systems, which promise to reduce the time required to develop and field future military capabilities. Changes to the acquisition process, such as those the paper sketches, will facilitate the nation's rapid transit through its current revolution in military affairs.

关键词： systems analysis

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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