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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN AIRCRAFT CARRIER DESIGN

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 71-85页

作者： REIN, RJ RYAN, JC USN (RET.) Cdr. Robert J. Rein USN (Ret.)currently is the Director of Naval Support Systems for the Columbia Research Corporation Washington D. C. At the time this paper was presented he was on active duty in the U.S. Navy serving as the Ship Design Manager for the CVV Naval Sea Systems Command. Prior to that his duty assignments included Deputy Program Manager for the Sea Control Ship Assistant Ship Material Officer. Staff of Commander Naval Air Force U.S. Pacific Fleet and Type Desk Officer for Cruisers/Destroyers and New Construction (CG 30) at the former Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard. He is a graduate of General Motors Institute an accredited private college sponsored by the General Motors Corporation: the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. Calif.: and the Defense Systems Management College. Fort Belvoir. Va. Additionally. he has had extensive postgraduate study in Systems Management at The George Washington University. Cdr. Rein is extremely active in his support of professional engineering societies and as a member of ASNE since 1964 has been responsible for the founding of ASNE Local Sections on the west coast and presently is serving as the Society's National Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. In addition he also was the creator and coordinator for the highly successful. Society sponsored Symposium “Aircraft Carriers — Present and Future.”which was held in October 1976 at the U.S. Grant Hotel. San Diego. Calif. and was the first such Symposium jointly sponsored by an Operating Fleet command and a professional society. Mr. J. Christopher Ryanreceived his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1967 and his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969. His initial work experience was at Litton Ship Systems where he was associated primarily with the general arrangements development of the DD 963 Class design. Subsequently. he was employed at the former Naval Ship Engineering Center with work as

Since the signing of the Contract Design Plane for the CVN 68 (the U.S. Navy's latest Class of Aircraft Carriers) In 1963, considerable technological advances have been made in Naval Ship Design. This paper provides specific examples of how new technology has affected traditional Carrier design practices and techniques, and also indicates areas where future advanced technology will be needed. It is divided into four sections: 1) computer Design Application; 2) Total Ship Energy Conservation Analysis; 3) Advances in Structural Design; and 4) Impact of V/STOL Aircraft. The increased use of the computer to define ship characteristics in the initial stage of ship design is discussed, followed by a report on efforts to include energy conservation as an integral part of the design process. The energy conservation approach uses traditional analytical techniques to develop innovative design configurations that will achieve energy savings. Of the many advances in Carrier structural design, two specific examples are given: 1) Elimination of the infamous “knee-knockers” (high sills in passageway openings) common to Gallery Deck structure, and 2) Successful attempts at reducing the thickness of aircraft elevator platforms. The paper concludes by pointing out some possible challenges facing the ship designer and some of the technology already created by the expected introduction of advanced design Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft.

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CENTML CONTROL SYSTEM TRAINING THROUGH STA TIC AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第2期92卷 196-206页

作者： HALL, EDWIN E. MOSS, DONALD G. NORRIS, CLIFFORD S. PETERSON, HAROLD D. Mr. Edwin E. Hall received his Bachelor's degree in Electronics from Oklahoma City University. He also is a certified College-Level Instructor in the state of Florida and has done graduate work in Computer Science at the University of Florida. As the Technical Publications and Training Manager Simulation and Control Systems Department. General Electric Company Daytona Beach Fla. he currently is responsible for the costing. planning performance scheduling and timely completion of the Department's Technical Manuals and Technical Training Programs. These Training and Manual contracts cover Ship Systems Programs. Simulation Programs. and Communications Programs for the Armed Services and commercial customers. Mr. Hall has over twenty-years experience as a Technical Writer and Instructor and for the past seventeen years has been at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. His experience ranges from teaching Basic Electronics and Radar Circuitry as a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army to writing Manuals Proposals Reports Specifications and Brochures for General Electric's product lines. Mr. Donald G. MOSS is a graduate of Kansas State University from which he received both his B.S. degree in Business Administration and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering. He is presently a Senior Systems Engineer for Control Systems in the Simulation and Control Systems Department at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. He has been employed by General Electric for 23 years — the first seven as an Engineer and Program Manager on the Fire Control Systems for the Fleet Ballistics Missile Program the next six managing the design of control and checkout equipment on the APOLLO Program and the last ten years working on control equipment for the machinery plants of new Navy ships. Over the span of years at General Electric he has worked on propulsion control for the DD-963 propulsion electric plant and auxiliary control for the FFG-7: propulsion boiler burner electric auxiliary and car

Dynamic Simulation is defined as the hardware and software required to present to the student operator visual and audible cues and responses that are the same as those encountered when operating the Control Consoles aborad ship. This type of simulation is considered essential to the development of operator skills for critical tasks. Less critical tasks can be practiced using static simulation devices. This paper discusses the utilization of these types of training devices to train Navy crews. An overview of the Machinery Control systems of the FFG 7 and AO 177 Class ships is discussed to provide an understanding of state‐of‐the‐art equipment development. The training programs for these two ship Classes are then reviewed to show how simulation devices are currently used by the Training Community, and this is followed by a brief discussion of the additional benefits that also are derived. © 1980 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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Time-Component Complexity of Two Approaches to Multioperand Binary Addition

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1979年第12期C-28卷 918-926页

作者： Atkins, Daniel E. Ong, Shau-Chi Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering the Systems Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

Component and time complexity measures in terms of number of gates and gate delays, respectively, are derived for two multioperand adder structures: a tree of carry-save adders and a tree of carry-lookahead adders. The parameters of the complexity measures are operand length, number of operands, and maximum fanin to the gates. The analysis involves a constructive derivation of the complexity of carry-lookahead networks including optimization by removal of redundant paths. An alternate measure of component complexity, number of packages with a given number of pinouts, rather than number of gates, is also presented. The general conclusion of the paper is that, under the assumptions made, for a large set of design parameters, the carry-save adder structure requires both less time and fewer components than the functionally equivalent carry-lookahead adder structure. Copyright © 1979 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： binary addition carry-lookahead adder carry-save adder Index Terms-Adder tree multioperand addition time-component complexity

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DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND MODERNIZATION OF SHIPS WITH THE SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (SDMS)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第5期91卷 65-73页

作者： BOLD, NT BOURETTE, AP Dr. Norbert T. Bold graduated from Marquette University and later received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Northwestern University. He served three years as a Naval Engineering Officer aboard an Aircraft Carrier and a Minesweeper and has nineteen years technical experience in shipboard navigation underwater target and SDMS projects for the Navy. He is currently a Program Manager in the Autonetics Marine Systems Division Rockwell International where his primary assignment is the development of advanced concepts and applications of SDMS to Navy programs. He has published several technical papers. was elected to four Scholastic Honorary Societies and was the recipient of a NROTC Scholarship. Mr. A.P. Bourette Manager Systems Applications Autonetics Marine Systems Division. received his B.S. degree in Mathematical Physics from Long Beach State University. He began his career with a Computer Analysis Unit. performing tasks related to computer application. programming and interfacing. He has made significant contributions to the Central Computer Complex approach adopted for the SSN-688 Combat System and has performed inertial systems engineering efforts on the MK2 SINS for the POSEIDON Program. He spent some time in the Washington D.C. area providing technical expertise to various Navy organizations. Upon his return he soon was selected to manage the Systems Applications organization at Rockwell International. This organization is primarily responsible for the Shipboard Application of SDMS. He has directed several application studies showing the significant advantages associated with multiplexing. Recently. he provided the technical direction for the FY80 SSN SDMS Preliminary Design Phase.

Rockwell International is currently under Navy contract to fabricate the engineering Development Model (EDM) of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) for general data transfer aboard surface ships and submarines. The application of SDMS significantly reduces hardware such as cables, switchboards, and Signal Data Converters (SDC), and it provides the capability to add many desired features which are currently not practicable. In applying SDMS to a specific ship, a massive amount of signal data must be considered. The Application Design Automation program (ADAP) is a set of computer programs that have been developed to accomplish this task. ADAP com bines signal population data, ships configuration data, and SDMS hardware characteristics to produce an SDMS configuration layout together with documentation necessary to analyze, evaluate, and implement the system. Specific outputs include hardware requirements, system layout, and interface requirements including wire list information. The Timing, Event and Load Simulation (TELS) program simulates SDMS and provides performance data (system capacity, throughput rate, transport delays) for any system configuration. Conventional SDCs can be elimianted from Navy shipboard systems when SDMS is used. SDMS provides the necessary data distribution, signal conversion, and computer interface. In addition, many functions of the conventional switchboards can be performed within SDMS, thus reducing the size or eliminating conventional switchboards. Very small switch-bomb will provide the necessary control of data distribution. With SDMS, an automatic and continuous Noise and Vibration Monitoring (NVM) capability is readily available. The automated NVM function will enhance the safety, operation, and maintenance of the ship. Problems with machinery or excessive self-noise generation will be detected much sooner, and corrective action implemented on a timely basis.

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8th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, MVL 1978

作者： Atkins, D.E. Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

An approach to the topic of computer arithmetic is suggested which may have a particular conceptual, pedagodical, and practical appeal to the designer of multiple-valued logic processors. computer arithmetic deals with the physical representation of finite sets of numbers and the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms for mechanizing arithmetic operations on these sets. Finite number representation systems (FNRS) are specified by defining a set of symbols and a mapping from the elements of this symbol set to a subset of the real numbers. A formal definition of a FNRS provides a basis for a set of definitions which in turn provide the framework for the classification of a large set of number systems. Emphasis in this paper is on the following positive, fixed radix systems: unsigned, sign and magnitude, radix complement, and diminished radix complement. We offer an annotated listing of primitive digit vector algorithms for the four common number representation systems with an arbitrary, positive integer, fixed radix. These digit vector algorithms are ones which the designer of multi-valued logic arithmetic processors will need to implement to provide general arithmetic computation. © 1978 Advanced Automotive Batteries. All rights reserved.

关键词： Numbering systems

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A comparison of two approaches to multi-operand binary addition

A comparison of two approaches to multi-operand binary addit...

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computer Arithmetic (ARITH)

作者： D. E. Atkins S. C. Ong Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering and Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI US

This paper presents the results of one phase of a study concerning methods for addition of P>;2 numbers, each encoded as a vector of digits (digit vector) of length N. Such multi-operand addition has been studied most often in the context of reducing a set of partial products to a single result in the implementation of multiplication. More generalized multi-operand addition, most notably in the form of inner product calculations is, however, central to numerous scientific applications of digital computers. Although multi-operand addition is trivially accomplished by accumulation (iteration in time) in any general purpose machine, demands for very high-speed computation, typified by 2- and 3-D signal processing prompt implementation of dedicated, hardware-intensive structures for multi-operand addition. This study, for example, is motivated in part by requirements for rapid simultaneous addition of up to 100, 16-bit operands in the design of a dedicated processor for real-time reconstruction of 3-D images of the beating heart and breathing lungs [1].

关键词： Adders Logic gates Vectors Delay Equations computers Hardware

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WHY NOT SAILS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第5期90卷 57-62页

作者： MORISSEAU, KC The author graduated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 receiving his BS degree in Marine Engineering. He then reported to the Navy's Bureau of Ships where after 18 months training he was assigned to the Hull Mechanical Section in the Hull Design Branch. During this period he was involved in the contract design of various materials handling features of naval ships including vehicle and cargo handling for Amphibious Ships electronics equipment handling and replenishment at sea and in addition also was charged with the management and operation of the Division's computer installation. In 1964 he became the Hull Project Coordinator for the AOR 1 Class AO(J) 51 Class and the AOE 3 Class ships and after completing their contract design was transferred to the Auxiliary Type Desk and reassigned as AE 26 Class Project Engineer. From 1965 until 1974 he was the Program Manager for the FAST System and the Missile/Cargo STREAM System in the Underway Replenishment Project Office (PMS–390)/Underway Replenishment Division (SHIPS–490) and its organizational predecessors. In April 1974 when SHIPS–490 and SHIPS–427 were merged he became Head of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Branch the position he now holds in the Naval Sea Systems Command.

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SWATH—THE VSTOL AIRCRAFT CARRIER FOR THE POST‐1990's

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Naval Engineers Journal 1977年第1期89卷 47-54页

作者： CHILDERS, RADM.K.C. GLOECKLER, FREDERICK M. STEVENS, ROBERT M. USN (RET.) RAdm. K.C. Childers USN (Ret.):graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1939. and later completed his graduate studies at California Institute of Technology from which he received his MS and AE degrees. He was a fighter pilot in the aircraft carriers USS Ranger and USS Essex during World War II and an instructor at the Guided Missile School. Ft. Bliss Texas from 1947 until 1949 at which time he came to Washington. D.C. as an Assistant Division Director Ships Installation Division Bureau of Aeronautics. In addition his active duty career included assignments as Naval Air Systems Command Representative Atlantic Assistant Commander for Material Acquisition Naval Air Systems Command and Deputy Project Manager for the FlllB/Phoenix Program. Bureau of Naval Weapons. During the first five years of the Polaris Program he was responsible for all testing at the Atlantic Missile Range. He also served as Commander of the Naval Missile Center where he directed the test and evaluation of Airborne Weapon Systems and had been on an earlier assignment the Missile Test Officer. His military decorations include the Silver Star the Legion of Merit two Air Medals the Navy Commendation Medal and a Presidential Unit Citation. Currently he is employed as the Manager of the Analysis and Evaluation Department at CERBERONICS. Inc. Falls Church. Va. Mr. Frederick M. Gloeckler: currently a Consultant to CERBERONICS Inc. graduated from New York University from which he received his BS degree. He began his career with the Department of the Navy in 1938. and culminated it with his retirement in 1972 at which time he was engaged in VSTOL aircraft analysis and was the Director Advanced Systems Division Naval Air Systems Command (and its predecessor organizations). During this period he made major contributions to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Program the F-14 A-7 and S-3 Aircraft Programs and the Phoenix Condor and Harpoon Missile Programs. In 1951 Mr. Gloeckler organized‘ and directed the Systems Engineering Divis

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S “DESIGN WORK STUDY” APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBOARD CONTROL systems

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Naval Engineers Journal 1976年第6期88卷 62-74页

作者： PLATO, ARTIS I. GAMBREL, WILLIAM DAVID Artis I. Plato:is Head of the Design Work Study/ Shipboard Manning/Human Factors Engineering Section Systems Engineering and Analysis Branch Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). He graduated from the City College of New York in 1956 receiving his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree. Following this he started work at the New York Naval Shipyard in the Internal Combustion Engine and Cargo Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and served in Europe with a Construction Engineer Battalion. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard where he remained until 1961 when he transferred to the Naval Supply Research and Development Facility Bayonne New Jersey. Initially he was in charge of an Engineering Support Test Group and the drafting services for the whole Facility. Later he became a Project Engineer in the Food Services Facilities Branch with duties that included planning and designing new afloat and ashore messing facilities for the Navy. In 1966 he transferred to NAVSEC as a Project Engineer in the Design Work Study Section and in this capacity worked on selected projects and manning problems for new construction and also developed a computer program (Manpower Determination Model) that makes accurate crew predictions for feasibility studies. In 1969 he became Head of the Section. He has been active in the U.S. Army Reserve since his release from active duty and his duties have included command of an Engineer Company various Staff positions and his present assignment as Operations Officer for a Civil Affairs Group. He has completed the U. S. A rmy Corps of Engineers Career Course and the Civil Affairs Career Course and is presently enrolled in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College non-resident course. Additionally he completed graduate studies at American University Washington D.C in 1972 receiving his MSTM degree in Technology of Management and is a member of ASE ASME CAA U. S. Naval Instit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a system analysis technique called “Design Work Study”, that is used by the U.S. Navy for the development of improved ship control systems. The Design Work Study approach is one which brings about the most efficient and cost effective man‐machine combination for the ship control functions. Adherence to this process insures that the advantages of automation are balanced against incurred operational and maintenance expense. At present, U.S. Navy doctrine requires that certain ship operating stations, such as steering and propulsion control, be manned at specified ship conditions of readiness. Therefore, if personnel are needed to fulfill these combat environment obligations, excessive automation may only result in unnecessary additional acquisition costs and increased personnel skill requirements. The Design Work Study process can be applied to establish the required fine balance between the degree of built‐in automation and the shipboard manpower levels. In order to explain the techniques that are used for this process, the Authors will present a brief summary of the Design Work Study approach for optimizing shipboard control systems, including an explanation of the formal procedural tools that are applicable. In addition, a practical case study of ship control system design for one of the latest classes of Navy destroyers will be presented. This example will illustrate the resultant savings and benefits that can be realized by a judicious application of this technique. © 1976 American Society of Naval Engineers

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