In this paper recent improvements of an existing acoustic frontend for the transcription of vocal (hummed, sung) musical queries is presented. Thanks to the addition of a new second pitch extractor and the introductio...
详细信息
In this paper recent improvements of an existing acoustic frontend for the transcription of vocal (hummed, sung) musical queries is presented. Thanks to the addition of a new second pitch extractor and the introduction of a novel multi-stage segmentation algorithm, the application domain of the front-end could be extended to whistled queries, and on top of that, the performance on the other two query types could be improved. Experiments have shown that the new system can transcribe vocal queries with an accuracy ranging from 76 % (whistling) to 85 % (humming), and that it clearly outperforms other state-of-the art systems on all three query types.
e-Learning systems will provide new pathways to knowledge and skills acquisition. To increase their quality using a parametric learner model is proposed. Tailoring the learning material presented to the respective par...
详细信息
e-Learning systems will provide new pathways to knowledge and skills acquisition. To increase their quality using a parametric learner model is proposed. Tailoring the learning material presented to the respective parameter values may fit this material to the actual learner's needs. We use a stereotype user model. Our learner characteristics complement the IMS UP. We first represent learners by points in a learner space. Then we propose increasingly generic ways of grouping together such points to form learner types. The less generic one models learner types using convex regions in the learner space. The more generic one models learner types using characteristic functions. While the latter approach allows for more flexible learner type combination the former approach allows for convincing definition of initial learner types. Combining both approaches thus may result in a reasonable number of useful learner types.
A modification of evolutionary programming or evolution strategies for n-dimensional global optimization is proposed. Based on the ergodicity and inherent-randomness of chaos, the main characteristic of the new algori...
详细信息
A modification of evolutionary programming or evolution strategies for n-dimensional global optimization is proposed. Based on the ergodicity and inherent-randomness of chaos, the main characteristic of the new algorithm which includes two phases is that chaotic behavior is exploited to conduct a rough search of the problem space in order to find the promising individuals in Phase Ⅰ. Adjustment strategy of step-length and intensive searches in Phase Ⅱ are *** population sequences generated by the algorithm asymptotically converge to global optimal solutions with probability one. The proposed algorithm is applied to several typical test problems. Numerical results illustrate that this algorithm can more efficiently solve complex global optimization problems than evolutionary programming and evolution strategies in most cases.
Understanding the subgraph distribution in random networks is important for modeling complex systems. In classic Erdős networks, which exhibit a Poissonian degree distribution, the number of appearances of a subgraph ...
详细信息
Understanding the subgraph distribution in random networks is important for modeling complex systems. In classic Erdős networks, which exhibit a Poissonian degree distribution, the number of appearances of a subgraph G with n nodes and g edges scales with network size as 〈G〉∼Nn−g. However, many natural networks have a non-Poissonian degree distribution. Here we present approximate equations for the average number of subgraphs in an ensemble of random sparse directed networks, characterized by an arbitrary degree sequence. We find scaling rules for the commonly occurring case of directed scale-free networks, in which the outgoing degree distribution scales as P(k)∼k−γ. Considering the power exponent of the degree distribution, γ, as a control parameter, we show that random networks exhibit transitions between three regimes. In each regime, the subgraph number of appearances follows a different scaling law, 〈G〉∼Nα, where α=n−g+s−1 for γ<2, α=n−g+s+1−γ for 2<γ<γc, and α=n−g for γ>γc, where s is the maximal outdegree in the subgraph, and γc=s+1. We find that certain subgraphs appear much more frequently than in Erdős networks. These results are in very good agreement with numerical simulations. This has implications for detecting network motifs, subgraphs that occur in natural networks significantly more than in their randomized counterparts.
The development of electronic commerce systems is subject to different conditions than that of conventional software systems. This includes the introduction of new activities to the development process and the removal...
详细信息
The development of electronic commerce systems is subject to different conditions than that of conventional software systems. This includes the introduction of new activities to the development process and the removal of others. An adapted process must cope with important idiosyncrasies of EC system development: EC systems typically have a high degree of interaction, which makes factors like ergonomics, didactics and psychology especially important in the development of user interfaces. Typically, they also have a high degree of integration with existing software systems such as legacy or groupware systems. Integration techniques have to be selected systematically in order not to endanger the whole software development process. This article describes the development of an EC system and it generalizes salient features of the software process used. The result is a process model that can be used for other highly integrative EC system development projects. The processes described are determined by short process lifecycles, by an orientation towards integration of legacy systems and by a strict role-based cooperation approach
We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions under which a nonlinear affine control system with outputs can be written as a gradient control system corresponding to some pseudo-Riemannian metric defined on the s...
详细信息
We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions under which a nonlinear affine control system with outputs can be written as a gradient control system corresponding to some pseudo-Riemannian metric defined on the state space. The results rely on a suitable notion of compatibility of the system with respect to a given affine connection, and on the input-output behavior of the prolonged system and the gradient extension. The symmetric product associated with an affine connection plays a key role in the discussion
Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems ...
详细信息
Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.
This paper describes a concept based on application adaptivity and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) in order to provide the quality-of-service (QoS) required by real-time applications. Assuming the availability of d...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0780373715
This paper describes a concept based on application adaptivity and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) in order to provide the quality-of-service (QoS) required by real-time applications. Assuming the availability of different service classes, we propose that a real-time application always selects the lowest/cheapest service class that still can meet the application requirements. The selection depends on RTP-based QoS monitoring and on additional probing of the quality of the next lower service class. The service class selection algorithm has been implemented within an IP telephony application and evaluated in a test-bed consisting of Linux-PC based DiffServ routers. The evaluation proves the suitability of the approach but also shows several issues for further improvement.
暂无评论