In [5], the robust decentralized servomechanism problem (RDSP) is analyzed for a composite system with interconnected subsystems. All subsystems are assumed to have the same set of local reference and disturbance sign...
In [5], the robust decentralized servomechanism problem (RDSP) is analyzed for a composite system with interconnected subsystems. All subsystems are assumed to have the same set of local reference and disturbance signals. Specialization of the above results to deal with the case of input-output interconnections between subsystems is developed in [8]. In this paper, the case of heterogeneous tracking and regulation requirements for each subsystem is explored; that is, each subsystem has its own distinct set of local reference and disturbance signals. The structural properties of the system are used to solve the RDSP so that decentralized controllers have minimum order servocompensator [5] dynamics and give asymptotic tracking and regulation in the presence of structured system perturbations.
A discrete-event system G is modelled as the controlled generator of a formal language L(G), in the framework of Ramadge and Wonham. By means of the concepts of well-posed language and well-posed supervisor, it is sug...
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A discrete-event system G is modelled as the controlled generator of a formal language L(G), in the framework of Ramadge and Wonham. By means of the concepts of well-posed language and well-posed supervisor, it is suggested how this framework can accommodate certain real-time control constraints. Then it is shown that a closed-loop supervisory control has `correct' real-time behavior if and only if the supervisor is well-posed (with respect to time delay).
The confluence of computers and telecommunications, in the telematics sector, is being enforced by common hardware and software developments. Despite this joint use of modern information technology, there is still a g...
作者：
GERSH, JRThe authoris a principal staff engineer at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
where he supervises the AAW Operations Section of the Combat Direction Group. Since joining JHU/APL in 1980 he has been involved in the specification development and testing of advanced surface combat direction systems specializing in the application of rule-based control mechanisms to command and control problems. In 1985-86 he chaired the Doctrine Working Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Combat Direction System Engineering Committee. Mr. Gersh served in the U.S. Navy from 1968 to 1977 as a sonar technician and as a junior officer (engineering and gunnery) aboard Atlantic Fleet frigates and as a member of the U.S. Naval Academy's Electrical Engineering faculty. He was educated at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving S. B. S. M. and E. E. degrees in electrical engineering from the latter. He holds certificates as a commercial pilot and flight instructor and is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute the IEEE Computer Society and the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.
For the last four years the most advanced surface combat direction system (CDS) of the U.S. Navy has employed a limited knowledge-based control mechanism. Implemented in the Aegis Weapon System's command and decis...
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For the last four years the most advanced surface combat direction system (CDS) of the U.S. Navy has employed a limited knowledge-based control mechanism. Implemented in the Aegis Weapon System's command and decision element, this capability is called control by doctrine, and is a foundation for the Ticonderoga class cruisers' exceptional performance. control by doctrine allows CIC personnel to direct that certain CDS functions be performed automatically upon tracks with specified characteristics. In effect, these CDS functions, from identification to engagement, can now be controlled through the specification and activation of general system response rules rather than by individual operator actions. The set of active rules, called doctrine statements, forms a system knowledge-base. The Advanced Combat Direction System, Block 1, successor to today's Naval Tactical Data System, will also employ control by doctrine. As part of a larger effort investigating Aegis/ACDS commonality issues, a Doctrine Working group was chartered to consider, among other things, implications for force-wide interoperability of multiple systems with such rule-based control mechanisms. The working group produced a set of design objectives for doctrine statement standardization across CDSs. Principal features of these objectives are described. The prospect of several such ships operating together in a battle group has raised questions as to the methods by which the actions of ships with those doctrinally-automated systems can best be coordinated. Related questions deal with specific design features for the support of such coordinated action. Work is now being carried out to investigate these questions. Combat system automation through doctrine statements is only one kind of rule-based control. Much work in the area of artificial intelligence deals with the use and maintenance of complex systems of rules, usually in non-real-time problem solving applications. Such systems are just now beginning
Linear-time temporal logic is applied to the verification of controlsystems. A formal language and proof system are adapted from those used in the verification of concurrent programs by Manna and Pnueli. Properties o...
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Linear-time temporal logic is applied to the verification of controlsystems. A formal language and proof system are adapted from those used in the verification of concurrent programs by Manna and Pnueli. Properties of some simple controlsystems are then verified by formally deducing temporal logic specifications of desired behaviour from descriptions of system dynamics. Finally, the usefulness of temporal logic in control theory is discussed and topics for future research are suggested.
A supervisory controller (supervisor)Sfor a discrete-event system can be modelled on a recognizerRfor the language corresponding to the supervisory task to be accomplished. It is shown that simpler ‘reduced’ supervi...
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A supervisory controller (supervisor)Sfor a discrete-event system can be modelled on a recognizerRfor the language corresponding to the supervisory task to be accomplished. It is shown that simpler ‘reduced’ supervisors can be constructed by the use of covers of the state set ofR; and that any mildly restricted supervisor is a reduction ofRin this sense. The reduction procedure is time-exponential with respect to the size of the state set ofR.
A research project that addresses the efficacy of expert systems techniques for improving effectiveness of missile employments from Navy surface ships is discussed in terms of general weapon systems operations, specia...
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A research project that addresses the efficacy of expert systems techniques for improving effectiveness of missile employments from Navy surface ships is discussed in terms of general weapon systems operations, special requirements of real-time tactical situations, and a functioning experimental expert weapon direction system. An overview of the current weapon direction system and associated missile employment operation is provided as a basis for discussing timing and coordination requirements. The development and test of an experimental expert support system using sumulated missile engagements is reviewed in terms of language structures, incorporation of expert procedural knowledge, and system modeling. Preliminary results from testing the experimental expert system at the engagement system land based test site in Laurel, Maryland are reported, and future plans are summarized.
作者：
DONOVAN, DELACIJAN, CADaniel E. Donovan isthe manager of the command
control and communications group in the Ships and Ordnance Division at ARINC Research Corporation in Annapolis Maryland. A recognized specialist in naval communications with more than 25 years of senior-level management experience Mr. Donovan has contributed extensively to efforts in strategic command and control and submarine warfare. His military assignments included positions as deputy director of the Naval Communications Division Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OP-941B) and commanding officer
USSDarter (SS-576). After retiring from the Navy in 1982 Mr. Donovan worked for three years in the manufacture and application of radio systems employed in Tempest measurement and testing. He joined ARINC Research Corporation in February 1985. Mr. Donovan has a B.S. degree in economics from the University of South Carolina and an M.S. degree in international affairs from George Washington University. Charles A. Lacijanis the staff principal engineer of the command
control and communications group in the Ships and Ordnance Division at ARINC Research Corporation in Annapolis Maryland. He has more than 17 years of system engineering experience with the integration and test of Navy command and control systems. His background includes extensive experience with the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics in the engineering and integration of theTridentsubmarine command and control system and SSN-637 class communication EW radar and navigation equipment. He joined ARINC Research in 1980 and has performed system engineering tasks for such Navy systems as MILSTAR JTIDS Mk XV and the Aegis combat system. Mr. Lacijan has a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from The Cooper Union an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Connecticut and an M.B.A. from the University of New Haven.
This paper emphasizes the importance of structured system engineering in complex communication (C) architectures. The focus is on acquisition of Navy command and control (C 2 ) programs. The paper begins with a discus...
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This paper emphasizes the importance of structured system engineering in complex communication (C) architectures. The focus is on acquisition of Navy command and control (C 2 ) programs. The paper begins with a discussion of the requirement for and the benefits of system engineering. A classic approach is described. The Navy's action to implement structured C 2 system engineering is addressed. Technical sophistication in platforms, sensors, weapons, and electronics is identified as the primary reason for renewed emphasis on system engineering. Large increases in the volume of data that must be collected, exchanged, analyzed, and acted upon by the military commander are a product of this technology. In some instances the commander must act within seconds to survive attack. He can do so only with efficient, prioritized, and transparently connected systems. System engineering has gone from the category of “nice to have” to “essential.” The application of system engineering disciplines in a major command and control system upgrade being undertaken by the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) is outlined in detail and cited as an example of a successful system engineering response to a complex communications architecture problem. The final part of this paper examines the feasibility of applying the FAA approach to the Navy C 2 modernization plan. It reviews the organizational history of important Navy C 2 system engineering initiatives and identifies the current documentation used in the Navy C 2 architectural process. Conclusions reemphasize the importance of a disciplined system engineering approach to managing complex communication system architectures; cite the FAA program as a model to be followed; and identify the current Navy C 2 need as a program that could readily implement and benefit from the use of this model. Finally, the paper emphasizes that commitment is essential if any system engineering approach is to be effective. Top-level decision makers must be willing to
The Kullback discrimination index can be used to test whether two models obtained from different data sets are equal or not. Such an index can be used for model validation, which then is carried out as a crossvalidati...
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The Kullback discrimination index can be used to test whether two models obtained from different data sets are equal or not. Such an index can be used for model validation, which then is carried out as a crossvalidation. However, the form of the index and its implementation differ from traditional crossvalidation. Some simple validation criteria are developed from this index, and also numerically illustrated.
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