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Enhanced wind energy conversion system performance using fast smooth second-order sliding mode control with neuro-fuzzy estimation and variable-gain robust exact output differentiator

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Applied Energy 2025年第PartA期377卷

作者： Ullah, Ameen Ullah, Safeer Rahman, Tanzeel Ur Sami, Irfan Rahman, Ata Ur Alghamdi, Baheej Pan, Jianfei College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical Engineering Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering & Technology Sahiwal57000 Pakistan College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chung-Ang University Dongjak-gu Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Smart Grids Research Group Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) often face challenges due to the stochastic and intermittent nature of wind, leading to a mismatch between output power generation and fluctuating electrical load requirements. To effectively address this issue, an advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) strategy is crucial for maximizing power extraction. This study introduces a novel MPPT approach based on Fast Smooth Second-Order Sliding Mode control (FSSOSMC) to optimize power output from a 3 kW fixed-pitch variable speed WECS coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). To ensure robustness despite uncertain, nonlinear system parameters, an offline neuro-fuzzy algorithm utilizing the Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy inference system is implemented. This method accurately estimates the nonlinear and uncertain components of the control input, enhancing the performance and robustness of the MPPT control techniques. Additionally, a Variable-Gain Robust Exact Output Differentiator (VG-REOD) is employed to accurately estimate the shaft speed, addressing issues related to speed estimation and missing derivative information. The proposed FSSOSMC-based MPPT strategy was benchmarked against super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) and feedback linearization control (FBLC) MPPT strategies under stochastic wind speed profiles, parameter variations, and wind speed fluctuations. The results show that the proposed method achieves a tracking accuracy of 98.2% and an overall efficiency of 98.9%, significantly outperforming STSMC (97.1% accuracy, 95.75% efficiency) and FBLC (95.4% accuracy, 93.82% efficiency). The FSSOSMC method also reduced the settling time to 7.879 s and the rise time to 1.062 s, with minimal overshoot of 10.022% and a steady-state error of 0.0015088. These results demonstrate superior tracking performance, high precision, rapid dynamic response, minimal chattering, and robust global performance. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated thro

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Influence of inspiratory resistors on tracheal pressure during ventilation with decelerating flow

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Intensive Care Medicine – Paediatric and Neonatal 2025年第1期3卷 1-10页

作者： Werder, David Stankovic, Nikola Zander, Mark Oliver Serfözö, Peter Erb, Thomas Otto Hammer, Jürg Schmid Daners, Marianne Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Anesthesiology University Children’S Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland Product Development Group Zurich Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Emergency Department Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care University Children’S Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland

Understanding driving pressure is of general interest in lung mechanics, especially in ventilated neonatal and pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endotracheal tube size (ETT) and bi-directional linear flow resistors mimicking different degrees of tube and airway obstruction on tracheal pressure (Ptr) during ventilation with decelerating flow. A mechanical lung simulator with unchanged respiratory mechanics like the mimicked compliance and resistance, three ETTs (inner diameters of 7.5 mm, 5.5 mm, and 3.5 mm), and four different linear flow resistors were alternatively connected to a commercial ventilator operating in pressure-controlled mode. Four resistors mimicking various degrees of ETT obstructions were placed consecutively between the Y-piece and the ETT. Varying sequentially ETT size, resistance, and ventilator settings resulted in 90 sets of measurements. Data acquisition, signal processing, and data analysis were performed using Python. The results clarify that decreasing ETT sizes and increasing flow resistances cause an increase in the time necessary to reach zero-flow conditions both during in- and expiration. This results in a decrease of Ptr at the end of inspiration and an increase of Ptr at the end of expiration, if inspiratory and expiratory times remain unchanged. The degree to which peak inspiratory pressure overestimates Ptr (or plateau pressure) in decelerating flow can be substantial and increases with increasing flow resistance. This highlights the importance of measuring plateau pressure or Ptr to understand pressure dynamics delivered to the lung.

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ANALYSIS AND control OF FUZZY systems USING FINITE DISCRETE RELATIONS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF control 1978年第3期27卷 431-440页

作者： TONG, RM Engineering Department Control and Management Systems Group Cambridge University

This paper considers the difficulties which arise from an attempt to analyse fuzzy systems. Previous work in this area is briefly reviewed and a new way of describing closed-loop fuzzy systems is introduced. Using only finite discrete fuzzy relations, it is possible to define such concepts as state equivalence, stability and controllability, and, by restricting attention to a special class of systems, a simple control problem can be solved. The basic ideas discussed in the paper are, perhaps, the first steps towards a practical theory of fuzzy systems.

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DUALITY-THEORY FOR MIMO ROBUST DISTURBANCE REJECTION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1993年第5期38卷 743-752页

作者： ZAMES, G OWEN, JG Systems and Control Group Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

The nonstandard H(infinity) ''two-disk'' optimization problem [GRAPHICS] for a plant P0 and weights WV in H(infinity) plays a basic role in robust feedback analysis. Here, its solutions are characterized using Banach space duality theory, and shown to satisfy a flatness or ''allpass'' condition. A related numerical solution method is outlined. For a limiting case of sharp cutoff filters, an explicit 'two arc' result is obtained for the optimal robust disturbance problem.

关键词： MIMO Feedback Electronic switching systems Filters Noise reduction Artificial intelligence control systems Noise robustness Attenuation Optimization methods

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SUPERVISORY control OF TIMED DISCRETE-EVENT systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1994年第2期39卷 329-342页

作者： BRANDIN, BA WONHAM, WM Systems Control Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada

The Ramadge-Wonham framework for control of discrete event systems is augmented with timing features by use of Ostroff's semantics for timed transition models. It is shown that the RW concept of controllability and the existence of maximally permissive supervisory controls can be suitably generalized. The enhanced setting admits subsystem composition and the concept of forcible event as an event that preempts the tick of a global dock. An example of a simple manufacturing cell illustrates how the new framework can be used to solve synthesis problems which may include logic-based, temporal and quantitative optimality specifications.

关键词： Supervisory control Discrete event systems Timing Delay effects Clocks Manufacturing control system synthesis Protocols Communication system control controllability

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ON THE CONSISTENCY OF HIERARCHICAL SUPERVISION IN DISCRETE-EVENT systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1990年第10期35卷 1125-1134页

作者： ZHONG, H WONHAM, WM Systems Control Group Department of Electrical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada

Hierarchical structure in the supervisory control of discrete-event systems is formalized in the automaton framework of P.J. Ramadge and W.M. Wonham (SIAM J. Cont. Optimiz., vol.25, no.1, p.206-30, 1987). The setup embodies a low-level real-world model controlled by an operator and a high-level abstract model virtually controlled by a manager. The two levels are connected by command and information channels. Concepts of hierarchical consistency are proposed, relating high-level behavior required by the manager to low-level behavior achievable by the operator. It is shown that consistency can be realized by appropriately refining the information sent up by the operator to the manager.< >

关键词： Discrete event systems control systems Automatic control Automata Supervisory control Information processing Mathematical programming Optimal control Robot control Decision making

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CHARACTERISTIC GAINS, CHARACTERISTIC FREQUENCIES AND STABILITY

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF control 1979年第4期29卷 669-706页

作者： EDMUNDS, JM Control and Management Systems Group Engineering Department University of Cambridge Cambridge

The purpose of this paper is to indicate how characteristic gain loci(or generalized Nyquist diagrams) can be used to count the number of characteristic frequencies (or closed-loop poles) which occur in a given area of the frequency plane for any given feedback gain. The relationship between the gain loci and the characteristic frequency loci is shown to hold for a wide range of linear systems, both sampled and continuous, including those with time delays. The relationship between the frequency loci and the inverse gain loci (or inverse Nyquist diagrams) is also deduced. These results are then used to show how for many systems the frequency loci can be used to determine the only possible ranges of feedback gain to obtain a stable closed-loop system. It is also indicated why in many real systems the closed-loop system should be stable at all but the edges of these possible ranges of feedback gain. The approach used avoids the complex integration which is usually used to justify the Nyquist diagrams (Bode 1945). One example demonstrating the superiority of state-space models over rational polynomial Laplace transfer-function models in the determination of the stability of multivariable systems is given. Some examples of gain loci, inverse gain loci, frequency loci and inverse frequency loci for systems with and without time delays are included.

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Dynamic modelling and genetic-based trajectory generation for non-holonomic mobile manipulators

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control engineering PRACTICE 1997年第1期5卷 39-48页

作者： Chen, MW Zalzala, AMS Robotics Research Group Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield UK

An approach for the modelling and motion planning of a mobile manipulator system with a non-holonomic constraint is presented in this paper. The Newton-Euler equations are used to obtain the complete dynamics of the system. Given the trajectory of the end-effector of the manipulator, near-optimal trajectories for the mobile platform and manipulator joints are obtained by using an efficient genetic algorithm with torque and manipulability optimisation and obstacle avoidance. Various simulations of a platform with a 3-link onboard manipulator are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented method.

关键词： robotics trajectory planning genetic algorithms dynamics obstacle avoidance

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NORMALIZED COPRIME FACTORIZATIONS FOR systems IN GENERALIZED STATE-SPACE FORM

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1993年第2期38卷 348-350页

作者： BONGERS, PMM BOSGRA, OH Mechanical Engineering Systems and Control Group Delft University of Technnology Delft Netherlands

This note presents a state-space algorithm for the calculation of a normalized coprime factorization of continuous-time generalized dynamical systems. It will be shown that two Riccati equations have to be solved to o... 详细信息

关键词： Riccati equations Transfer functions Polynomials control design Robust control Reduced order systems Linear systems MIMO Virtual manufacturing Mechanical engineering

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The combined effects of microplastics and their additives on mangrove system: From the sinks to the sources of carbon

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 959卷 178336页

作者： Guo, Junru Yang, Mingqing Huang, Ruohan Yu, Junyi Peng, Kaiming Cai, Chen Huang, Xiangfeng Wu, Qiaofeng Liu, Jia College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Shanghai200092 China Fuzhou Urban and Rural Construction Group Company Limited Fuzhou350007 China Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai200092 China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Fuzhou City Construction Investment Group Company Limited Fuzhou350014 China

Mangrove ecosystems, a type of blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), are vital to the global carbon cycle. However, the combined effects of microplastics (MPs) and plastic additives on carbon sequestration (CS) in mangroves remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively review the sources, occurrence, and environmental behaviors of MPs and representative plastic additives in mangrove ecosystems, including flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs). Mangrove ecosystems have a complex influence on the behaviors of MPs and additives. Under the action of natural and unnatural factors, these pollutants exhibit complex behaviors including migration, interception, deposition and transformation, that are closely linked to those of particulate carbon, particularly carbon sequestration processes. MPs and additives hinder the CS function of mangroves by harming the growth of flora and fauna, influencing microbial nitrogen and sulfur cycles, and enhancing the degradation of organic matter in the sediment. The increasing accumulation and widespread occurrence of MPs and additives will greatly influence the carbon cycle. Future work is encouraged on systematic investigation of new alternatives to plastics and additives, and research methods to uncover the impact mechanisms of MPs and additives on BCEs. The developments of management measures and engineering technologies are also required to enhance pollutant control and mangrove CS. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Carbon sequestration

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