This paper discusses a situation where a pole as well as a zero of Aircraft-short period T.F. is likely to move to R.H. s plane. The conventional pitch orientation control system would then be inadequate to provide st...
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This paper discusses a situation where a pole as well as a zero of Aircraft-short period T.F. is likely to move to R.H. s plane. The conventional pitch orientation control system would then be inadequate to provide stable control. A modification to the system is suggested in the form of dynamic compensators in the feedforward and feedback paths. Design approach to decide the coefficients of the compensators is given. It is shown that by scheduling just one of the 8 coefficients it may be possible to provide stable control when the pole-zero combination is laying in the L.H. plane as well as when the combination is laying in the R.H. s plane.
The problem of finding a nonrandomised control law that minimises an instantaneous index for a nonlinear discrete-time stochastic system is considered. Both the state and observation equations are taken to be nonlinea...
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The problem of finding a nonrandomised control law that minimises an instantaneous index for a nonlinear discrete-time stochastic system is considered. Both the state and observation equations are taken to be nonlinear, and the optimisation index is chosen to be the variance of the control error. Some of the recent results in nonlinear estimation theory are utilised for deriving approximations to the optimal-control law. The results are illustrated with the help of numerical examples.
The book explores electromagnetic (EM) waves, which are present everywhere—from radio, television, and cell phones to satellite dishes, antennas, and WiFi. The propagation of EM waves is governed by Maxwell's equ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031761447
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031761430;9783031761461
The book explores electromagnetic (EM) waves, which are present everywhere—from radio, television, and cell phones to satellite dishes, antennas, and WiFi. The propagation of EM waves is governed by Maxwell's equations. When these waves pass through a medium, they slow down and refract, while in a metallic medium, they are reflected. Metallic boxes and pipes can store and direct EM waves, known as cavities and waveguides. Oscillating currents generate and transmit EM waves through antennas, allowing for long-distance communication after the waves propagate. Since oscillating currents emit EM waves, the author uses coaxial cables and transmission lines to reduce radiation and carry high-frequency currents efficiently. EM waves at very high frequencies in the optical range are responsible for transmitting visual information. The author also discusses lenses and optical instruments like telescopes and microscopes, which are used to magnify optical signals. Additionally, the quantum mechanical origins of a material’s permittivity, which affects the speed of light through the medium, are examined.
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