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Comparison of Principal Component Analysis Techniques for PMU Data Event Detection

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Comparison of Principal Component Analysis Techniques for PM...

IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： L. Souto J. Meléndez S. Herraiz Intelligent Systems and Control Engineering group Universitat de Girona Girona Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781728155081

ISBN: (纸本)9781728155098

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique often applied to process and detect events in large amounts of data collected by phasor measurement units (PMU) at transmission and distribution level. This article considers five different approaches to select an appropriate number of principal components, builds the statistical model of the PMU data online over a sliding window of 10 seconds and 1 minute, and evaluates the computation times and the accuracy of correct event detections with use of two statistical tests in a 1-hour data file from the UT-Austin Independent Texas Synchrophasor Network with phasor quantities collected at different PMU substations.

关键词： Substations Measurement units Event detection Fault detection Phasor measurement units Task analysis Principal component analysis

Model Predictive Tracking controller for Quadcopters with Setpoint Convergence Guarantees

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Model Predictive Tracking Controller for Quadcopters with Se...

American control Conference

作者： Alex Andrien Demy Kremers Dave Kooijman Duarte Antunes Control Systems Technology group Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781538682661

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682678

This paper tackles the trajectory tracking problem for a quadrotor following a cascaded control design approach;an outer-loop model predictive controller (MPC) generates acceleration references to be tracked by an inner-loop nonlinear attitude controller. Leveraging the differential flatness property of the quadrotor's dynamics, the proposed model predictive controller uses a linear third order model for prediction, enabling the attitude controller to track exactly the sufficiently smooth virtual acceleration while coping with state and input constraints. Asymptotic stability is established for the regulation problem for any initial position and velocity. In other words, the quadrotor provably tracks any setpoint reference. Simulations of the proposed cascade system are performed to validate and assess the convergence properties.

关键词： Acceleration Attitude control Predictive models control design Trajectory Convergence Trajectory tracking

Efficient Stochastic Optimal control through Approximate Bayesian Input Inference

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Watson, Joe Abdulsamad, Hany Findeisen, Rolf Peters, Jan The Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group Technical University of Darmstadt Germany The Finnish Centre of AI The Electrical Engineering and Automation Department Aalto University Finland The Control and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory Technical University of Darmstadt Germany

Optimal control under uncertainty is a prevailing challenge for many reasons. One of the critical difficulties lies in producing tractable solutions for the underlying stochastic optimization problem. We show how advanced approximate inference techniques can be used to handle the statistical approximations principled and practically by framing the control problem as a problem of input estimation. Analyzing the Gaussian setting, we present an inference-based solver that is effective in stochastic and deterministic settings and was found to be superior to popular baselines on nonlinear simulated tasks. We draw connections that relate this inference formulation to previous approaches for stochastic optimal control and outline several advantages that this inference view brings due to its statistical nature. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

Steady-state to steady-state transfer of PDEs using semi-discretization and flatness

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Steady-state to steady-state transfer of PDEs using semi-dis...

IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Soham Chatterjee Vivek Natarajan Systems and Control Engineering Group Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India

ISBN: (数字)9781728174471

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174488

This paper is about the finite-time steady-state to steady-state transfer of systems governed by boundary controlled 1D heat and beam equations. We address this problem using semi-discretization and flatness. We derive an n th -order semi-discretized system of linear ODEs in time for the PDE system (which is either a heat equation or a beam equation) by approximating the spatial derivatives in the PDE system using Taylor's theorem. We show, under some regularity assumptions on the boundary input f and the initial state, that the state trajectory of the ODE systems converge to the state trajectory of the PDE system that they approximate as the number of discretization steps n goes to infinity. Given a T > 0 and an initial steady-state u 0 at time t = 0 and a final steady-state u T at time t = T for the PDE system, we construct an input f n for the n th -order semi-discrete ODE system to transfer its state from discretized u 0 to discretized u T in time T. This f n is constructed using the flatness approach. We show that the sequence (f n ) n = 1 ∞ converges to a limiting function f as n → ∞ and f is the input that transfers the PDE system from u 0 to u T . We illustrate our results using numerical simulations.

关键词： Steady-state Heating systems Planning Mathematical model Trajectory Heat transfer Handheld computers

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arXiv 2020年

作者： van Huijgevoort, B.C. Haesaert, S. Control Systems group Electrical Engineering Department Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

For the formal verification and design of control systems, abstractions with quantified accuracy are crucial. This is especially the case when considering accurate deviation bounds between a stochastic continuous-state model and its finite (reduced-order) abstraction. In this work, we introduce a coupling compensator to parameterize the set of relevant couplings and we give a comprehensive computational approach and analysis for linear stochastic systems. More precisely, we develop a computational method that characterizes the set of possible simulation relations and gives a trade-off between the error contributions on the systems output and deviations in the transition probability. We show the effect of this error trade-off on the guaranteed satisfaction probability for case studies where a formal specification is given as a temporal logic formula. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stochastic systems

Compensation Mechanisms for Double Auctions in Peer-to-Peer Local Energy Markets

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Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 2020年第4期7卷 165-175页

作者： Gerwin, Christoph Mieth, Robert Dvorkin, Yury Workgroup for Infrastructure Policy Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany Tandon School of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NYU BrooklynNY11201 United States Control Systems Group Technische Universität Berlin Einsteinufer 17 Berlin10587 Germany

Purpose of Review: This paper compares different double-auction pricing mechanisms in the context of peer-to-peer trading in local electricity markets. Benchmarking against the traditional system marginal price (SMP) approach, we analyze the outcomes of the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) and Pay-as-bid (PAB) approaches, which lead to a revenue imbalance in the market. To mitigate this imbalance, we propose a set of mechanisms that impose trading fees or subsidies with different fairness policies and discuss their impact on the behavior of market participants. Recent Findings: Proliferation of small-scale and distributed energy resources in low-voltage distribution systems has spurred the development of platforms for peer-to-peer local electricity trading. While recent studies prove that local electricity trading can be beneficial to both the peers and system, implementation of local energy markets is still in the early stages and there is no consensus on an optimal market design. Summary: This paper provides a detailed description of market properties for a competitive LEM that is cleared using the SMP, VCG, and PAB approaches. We show that the proposed compensation mechanisms effectively enforce predefined fairness policies and derive exact payments for each peer depending on market results and individual peer characteristics. The case study uses real-world data to illustrate that different compensation mechanisms can be used to incentivize desirable peer behavior, e.g., installation of new distributed energy resources, investment in grid supportive generation, or flexible energy usage. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Power markets

Learning-enhanced robust controller synthesis with rigorous statistical and control-theoretic guarantees

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Fiedler, Christian Scherer, Carsten W. Trimpe, Sebastian Institute for Data Science in Mechanical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Intelligent Control Systems Group Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart Germany Department of Mathematics University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

The combination of machine learning with control offers many opportunities, in particular for robust control. However, due to strong safety and reliability requirements in many real-world applications, providing rigorous statistical and control-theoretic guarantees is of utmost importance, yet difficult to achieve for learning-based control schemes. We present a general framework for learning-enhanced robust control that allows for systematic integration of prior engineering knowledge, is fully compatible with modern robust control and still comes with rigorous and practically meaningful guarantees. Building on the established Linear Fractional Representation and Integral Quadratic Constraints framework, we integrate Gaussian Process Regression as a learning component and state-of-the-art robust controller synthesis. In a concrete robust control example, our approach is demonstrated to yield improved performance with more data, while guarantees are maintained throughout. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

Phase mixing of propagating Alfvén waves in a single-fluid partially ionized solar plasma

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arXiv 2023年

作者： McMurdo, Max Ballai, Istvan Verth, Gary Alharbi, Abdulaziz Fedun, Viktor Plasma Dynamics Group School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Sheffield Hicks Building Hounsfield Road SheffieldS3 7RH United Kingdom Department of Mathematics Jamoum University College Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Jamoum25375 Saudi Arabia Plasma Dynamics Group Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield Mappin Street SheffieldS1 3JD United Kingdom

Phase mixing of Alfvén waves is one of the most promising mechanisms for heating of the solar atmosphere. The damping of waves in this case requires small transversal scales, relative to the magnetic field direction. Here this requirement is achieved by considering a transversal inhomogeneity in the equilibrium plasma density profile. Using a single fluid approximation of a partially ionized chromospheric plasma we study the effectiveness of the damping of phase mixed shear Alfvén waves and investigate the effect of varying the ionization degree on the dissipation of waves. Our results show that the dissipation length of shear Alfvén waves strongly depends on the ionization degree of the plasma, but more importantly, in a partially ionized plasma, the damping length of shear Alfvén waves is several orders of magnitude shorter than in the case of a fully ionized plasma, providing evidence that phase mixing could be a large contributor to heating the solar chromosphere. The effectiveness of phase mixing is investigated for various ionization degrees, ranging from very weakly to very strongly ionized plasmas. Our results show that phase mixed propagating Alfvén waves in a partially ionized plasma with ionization degrees in the range µ = 0.518−0.657, corresponding to heights of 1916−2150 km above the solar surface, can provide sufficient heating to balance chromospheric radiative losses in the quiet Sun. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

Augmented input estimation in multiple maneuvering target tracking

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Journal of systems engineering and Electronics 2019年第5期30卷 841-851页

作者： HADAEGH Mahmoudreza KHALOOZADEH Hamid BEHESHTI Mohammadtaghi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran Department of Systems and Control K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran ***Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Control GroupTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran 14115111Iran

This paper presents augmented input estimation(AIE)for multiple maneuvering target ***-target tracking(MTT)is based on two main parts,data association and *** data association(DA),the best observations are assigned to the considered *** real conditions,the number of observations is more than targets and also locations of observations are often so scattered that the association between targets and observations cannot be done *** this case,for general MTT problems with unknown numbers of targets,we present a Markov chain Monte-Carlo DA(MCMCDA)algorithm that approximates the optimal Bayesian filter with low complexity in *** DA,estimation and tracking should be *** in general cases,many targets can have maneuvering motions,then AIE is proposed to cover both the non-maneuvering and maneuvering parts of motion and the maneuver detection procedure is *** model with an input estimation(IE)approach is a special augmentation in the state space model which considers both the state vector and the unknown input vector as a new augmented state *** comparisons based on the Monte-Carlo simulations are also made to evaluate the performances of the proposed method and other older methods in MTT.

关键词： multi-target tracking (MTT) Markov chain Monte-Carlodata association (MCMCDA) data association (DA) augmentedinput estimation (AIE)