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SDG Model-Based Structures for Fault Detection

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第10期31卷 243-248页

作者： I.P. Gál K.M. Hangos Systems and Control Research Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1518 Budapest POBox. 63 Hungary. Phone: 36 1 1667 483 Fax: 36 1 1667 503

A signed directed graph (SDG) model-based approach is given in this paper for fault diagnosis of process systems. The proposed method is modular, the model for fault propagation is built from the mini SDGs of the units driven by the process flowsheet. Thus the fault detection is decomposed into two steps: off-line generation of the SOG model and its rule set equivalent and the step of on-line fault detection.

关键词： Fault detection Process models Graph theoretic models Rules Signed Directed Graphs Reasoning

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Grey Box Fault Detection in Heat Exchanger Networks

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第18期30卷 191-196页

作者： E. Weyer K.M. Hangos Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Systems and Control Research Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute HAS H-1518 Budapest PO Box 63 Hungary

A grey box model-based method for fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper which is based on a first principle model of the process unit: a heat exchanger, and on a grey box model of the fault: the deterioration of the heat transfer surface by aging. Under normal operating conditions the heat transfer coefficient is constant or slowly decreasing due to a layer of settled material building up on the heat transfer surface, and we propose to use a recursive least squares estimator with forgetting factor to track the heat transfer coefficients during these stages. In old heat exchangers, big chunks of the settled material can break away from the surface causing the heat transfer coefficients to rise sharply. This fault is detected via detection of abrupt positive jump in the estimated heat transfer coefficients using a Hinkley detector

关键词： Fault diagnosis grey box modelling fault modelling identification

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Development of transient stability controller system (TSC) based on on-line stability calculation

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第4期117卷 61-79页

作者： Ota, H Inoue, T Ito, H Fukushima, N Omata, K Morita, K Kokai, Y Chubu Electric Power Co. Graduated in 1955 from the Department of Electrical Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering University of Tokyo and joined Chubu Electric Power Co. in the same year. He is engaged mainly in developing technology for construction planning as well as protection stabilization and automatic control of power systems. He is currently a Director and Vice President of the company. He received an OHM Technology Award in 1971 and an Achievement Award from the I.E.E. Japan in 1992. Graduated in 1962 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology and joined Chubu Electric Power Co. in the same year. He is engaged in the development of technology for large-scale centralized control of power systems as well as the networking of control computers. He is currently a System Analysis Group Chief in the System Operation Division of the company. Graduated in 1985 from the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology and joined Chubu Electric Power Co. in the same year. He is engaged mainly in the development of technology for power system protection and stabilization. He is currently working in the System Analysis Group of the System Operation Division of the company. Toshiba Corporation Graduated in 1967 from the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Tokyo and joined Toshiba Corporation in the same year and engaged in development of power system control systems in Japan and abroad. He is currently a Chief of System Technology in the Power System Technology Division of the company. He is a member of the Theses Subcommittee of the 1995 World Energy Conference. He is an Assistant Secretary of the Japanese Committee of CIGRE and a member of the Japanese Subcommittee of CIGRE SC35 and 39. He is a member of IEEE. Completed his Master's course at the Science and Engineering Research Division of the Graduate School Waseda University in 1980 and joined Toshiba Corporation in the same year. H

A new transient stability controller system (TSC) based on on-line transient stability calculation has been developed. The TSC system prevents the power system from wide-area blackout by shedding generators optimally when a serious fault occurs. This system consists of a central processing unit (TSC-P), and four local units for fault detection (TSC-C), and seventeen units for generator shedding(TSC-T). The TSC-P selects optimal generators to be shed for stabilization based on on-line transient stability calculation for contingencies at 500 kV lines and buses every five minutes. The results are transmitted to the TSC-Cs periodically. Should any fault occur, only one TSC-C will detect the fault occurrence and send control signals to the TSC-Ts which actually generate shedding signals. To realize the TSC system, essential are fast stability evaluation methods for a large number of contingencies and effective selection methods of optimal generators to be shed for stabilization. This paper presents total algorithms applied in the TSC-P, the results of algorithm verification tests using a prototype system combined with a large-scale analog simulator, and the characteristics of the actual system.

关键词： power system stabilization generation shedding on-line stability calculation screening parallel calculation

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NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF RECYCLE ON THE DYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL PROCESS PLANTS

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computerS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 1995年第5期19卷 607-610页

作者： HANGOS, KM VARGA, EI Systems and Control Research Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1518 Budapest Hungary

The complex multivariate multiunit problem formulation of analyzing the effect of recycles on the dynamics of chemical process plants is considered in this Note. Based on the notion of exchange plants and results on conservation matrices, the effect of connections, such as recycles and external sources, such as chemical reaction, heating/cooling etc. is analysed. It has been found that exchange plants are not unstable, regardless of the connections of their operating units. If constant total flow is maintained through each unit then an increase of all kinds of connections including recycles at the expense of an external stream may move the eigenvalues of the plant towards the instability region. This effect can cause stable nonexchange plants to become unstable.

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controlLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY OF HEAT-EXCHANGER NETWORKS IN THE TIME-VARYING PARAMETER CASE

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 1995年第10期3卷 1409-1419页

作者： VARGA, EI HANGOS, KM SZIGETI, F Systems and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute H-1518 Budapest P.O. Box 63 Kende u. 13-17 Hungary

In this paper the structural controllability and observability of heat exchanger networks are determined from qualitative information about the heat exchangers and their network topology. The heat exchanger network is modelled as a time-varying linear system based on first engineering principles where the effect of the flowrate variations is described by unknown time-varying parameters, inlet temperature variations are regarded as disturbances and external heaters/coolers are considered as input variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for structural controllability and observability of heat exchanger networks are derived, based on an extended Kalman-type rank criterion for linear systems with time-varying parameters. Determining the structural controllability and observability of heat exchanger networks needs only checks for the input and output connectability of the network in both constant and time-varying parameter cases. The results are extended to the more-practical case where bypass ratios are also used as control variables and where more than one time-varying parameter enters into the state-space matrices.

关键词： DYNAMIC MODELS CHEMICAL PROCESSES STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES DIGRAPHS PROCESS control

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Robust Analysis of Distillation Column Dynamics

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第9期28卷 333-338页

作者： E.I. Varga G.Z. Kovács S.B. Jørgensen K.M. Hangos Systems and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Department of Chemical Engineering The Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

The robust stability and performance of a binary distillation column model is analysed using a minimal state space representation. The uncertainty modelling of the column is resulted in an LFT form with a four element diagonal block structure taking into account the dependence between the steady state gains. Robust analysis of the distillation column dynamics is performed and compared using µ - and l 1 -analysis tools. The magnitude of possible overshoots is determined by l 1 -test for robust performance and the dependence of this magnitude on the dominant time constant (i.e. the purity of the separation) is investigated. Futhermore the effect of the mi certainties in the time constants and the singular values on the robust performance is also analysed using l 1 -test. It has been found that the uncertainty in the time constants affects dominantly the robust performance of the open-loop system, i.e. the magnitude of possible overshoots.

关键词： Distillation column parametric uncertainty modelling robust stability robust performance

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H/sub /spl infin// vibration control of active suspension for automotive application

H/sub /spl infin// vibration control of active suspension fo...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： A. Kanbolat Y. Okuyama F. Takemori L. Gianone S. Horvat J. Bokor Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering Facult of Engineering Tottori University Japan Tottori Daigaku Tottori JP Dept. of Inf. & Knowledge Eng. Tottori Univ. Japan Systems and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary Department of Transpoi-talion Engineering Technical University of Budapest Hungary

This paper deals with simultaneous control of acceleration transmission, wheel load fluctuation, suspension deflection and sprung mass displacement. The control theory is based on the robust H/sub /spl infin// control theory with the consideration of the modeling errors lumped into an unstructured uncertainty acting on the unperturbed plant. The design method is new and powerful for electronic car suspension's control systems, as it presents a new approach to the designers for the computation of a controller maintaining robust stability while guaranteeing the performance in a wide frequency range, even in the case of the controller is applied to the actual plant. Additionally, the paper emphasizes that the assumptions in the modeling step may lead to unrealistic control designs and, as an example, the effect of the rigidity assumption on the behavior of the open loop system is discussed.

关键词： control systems control theory Open loop systems Displacement control Weight control Acceleration Wheels Fluctuations Robust control Power system modeling

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Multiagent fault‐diagnosis expert system in power systems

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第5期5卷 341-347页

作者： Wang, J.P. Trécat, J. Dr. Jianping Wang is a doctor fellow in the Faculte Polytechnique de Mons in Belgium. His current research field is parallel processing applications in power systems. Dr. Wang obtained his BS degree from Southwest Jiaotong University in P.R. Chinain 1982. From 1982 to 1990 he was appointed as an assistant lecturer. lecturer and associate professor respectively in the electrical engineering department of Southwest Jiaotong University. He obtained his Ph.D in the FacultC Polytechnique de Mons in July of 1993. (BD Dolez 3 1 FPMS B-7000 Mons Belgium T +32-65/37 41 87 Fax +32-65/37 43 00) Professor J. Trécat is a director in the power system laboratory in the Faculty Polytechnique de Mons. He obtained his Ph.D in the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology(UM1ST) in U.K. in 1970. He has been working in the fields of power system automation artificial intelligence application and computer vision in the Facult6 Polytechnique de Mons since 1970. He is a senior member of IEEE and he has made much contribution both in electrical engineering education and research. (BD Dolez 3 I FPMS B-7000 Mons T +32-651374185. Fax +32-6513743 00)

In order to solve the speed problem and shallow reasoning problem met in current research in fault diagnosis expert system, this paper presents a model based parallel fault diagnosis expert system for energy management systems (EMS). The Petri net model, which corresponds to the relationship between power system components and their protection systems, has been used for the inference in fault diagnosis. A multiagent parallel processing expert system, which is based on five transputers in Sun workstation, has been built for fault diagnosis purposes. The test results show that this expert system is not only fast but also has better performances. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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