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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： J. David N. Natarajan Controls Systems Advanced Powertrain Group Eaton Corporation Innovation Center Southfield MI USA Faculty in the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Dearborn MI USA

This paper describes a procedure to determine the parameters of well established driveline models using signals that are readily available on the vehicle data bus. Experimental results performed on a class 6 commercial truck are provided and the quality of the model fidelity is discussed. Two control strategies based on LQR technique are discussed to illustrate automatic selection of controller structure and controller parameters. The first technique permits large initial torque which may be desirable when launching up a slope. The second technique enforces smooth clutch-torque profile to ensure driver comfort. The parameter estimation procedure can be easily incorporated as part of regular maintenance to ensure the controller performance do not deteriorate over a period of time. Thus, when the procedure described in the paper is implemented, the driver would have the ability to select the quality of the launch described by features such as power dissipation, longitudinal acceleration etc. Simulation results, using the described procedure taking into account the torque-speed characteristics of the engine and the typical load on the vehicle, are presented and discussed.

关键词： Optimal control Engines Automatic control Control systems Asymptotic stability Vehicle driving Acceleration Mechanical power transmission Friction Stability analysis

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Drug dosing control in clinical pharmacology

IEEE Control Systems Magazine

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IEEE Control systems Magazine 2005年第2期25卷 35-51页

作者： Bailey, James M. Haddad, Wassim M. Emory University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville GA United States Illinois University Urbana IL United States Structural Controls Group Government Aerospace Systems Div. Harris Corporation Melbourne FL Australia Mech./Aerospace Engineering Dept. Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL United States School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0150 United States

Control system technology has a great deal to offer pharmacology, anesthesia, and critical care medicine. Critical care patients require drug administration to regulate physiological variables such as blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and degree of consciousness. The rate of infusion of each administered drug is critical, requiring constant monitoring and frequent adjustments. Open-loop control by clinical personnel can be tedious, imprecise, time consuming, and sometimes of poor quality. Alternatively, closed-loop control can potentially achieve desirable system performance in the face of the highly uncertain and hostile environment of surgery and the intensive care unit.

关键词： Drug dosage

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Closed-loop power tracking for an integrated power and attitude control system using variable speed control moment Gyroscopes

Closed-loop power tracking for an integrated power and attit...

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Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

作者： DeVon, David A. Fuentes, Robert J. Fausz, Jerry L. Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Boeing - SVS. Inc. Albuquerque NM 87109 United States Air Force Research Laboratory Kirtland AFB NM 87117 United States Systems Analysis and Controls Group Space Vehicles Component Technologies

ISBN: (纸本)1563476703

The closed-loop power tracking control of a rigid spacecraft with a cluster of N variable speed control moment gyroscopes is considered. The objective is to extend the open-loop solution in the null space of the system dynamics to compensate for power losses. By employing a passivity approach to the design, an integral controller is proposed to achieve the closed-loop power tracking. In addition, the attitude control is achieved by considering the passivity properties of the system dynamics and unit quaternion kinematics and using a proportional-integral controller to make the feedback system passive. Consequently, the power and attitude errors are shown to be globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are provided for validation. Copyright © 2004 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Closed loop control systems

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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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Integrated feedforward and feedback control for fast maneuvers of flexible systems

Integrated feedforward and feedback control for fast maneuve...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Sungyung Lim Engineering Specialist in Dynamics & Controls group Space Systems Loral Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780372980

This paper presents a new integrated feedforward and feedback control (IFFC) technique to achieve fast maneuvers of flexible systems. The feedforward control uses the Pareto optimal solution of a convex multi-objective optimization problem to yield a time- and energy-optimal solution. The robust /spl Hscr//sub 2///spl mu/ feedback controller is designed to account for parametric and unmodeled uncertainties due to structural flexibility. In contrast to the heuristically-combined feedforward and feedback control approaches, the IFFC approach designs these different control components in such a systematic way that it yields faster maneuvers of flexible systems with uncertainties. Included are examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new IFFC technique.

关键词： Feedback control Control systems Adaptive control Uncertainty Open loop systems Optimal control Robust control Linear programming Shape control Pareto optimization

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A Petri nets based object oriented tool for the scheduling of stochastic flexible manufacturing systems

A Petri nets based object oriented tool for the scheduling o...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： A.J. Gambin M.A. Piera D. Riera Automatic Controls and Systems Engineering Group Department Computer Science Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) have been taking a prominent place in production markets, but constant changes in production rates and product types force us to sort out constantly the scheduling problem that use to be NP-hard. Most commercial tools used to optimize FMS resources are analytical, and often limited to describing stationary relationships between FMS units. An object oriented simulation tool to prune the FMS Petri nets reachability tree is presented. This tool prunes the Petri net coverability tree using a heuristic algorithm, finding pseudo-optimal solutions for the FMS resource scheduling problem. The paper illustrates the usefulness of the tool to find a suitable batch size for a FMS example.

关键词： Petri nets Job shop scheduling Stochastic processes Flexible manufacturing systems Production systems Job production systems Processor scheduling Heuristic algorithms Scheduling algorithm Computer numerical control

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Accelerated convergence of neural network system identification algorithms via principal component analysis

Accelerated convergence of neural network system identificat...

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Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 1998

作者： Hyland, David C. Davis, Lawrence D. Denoyer, Keith K. Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Planning Systems Inc. Melbourne Controls Group MelbourneFL United States Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Direct. Kirtland AFBNM United States

While significant theoretical and experimental progress has been made in the development of neural networkbased systems for the autonomous identification and control of space platforms, there remain important unresolved issues associated with the reliable prediction of convergence speed and the avoidance of inordinately slow convergence. Focusing here on autonomous identification of lightly damped space structures, we first show that even apparently benign and simple examples can exhibit unpredictably slow convergence when the standard Least Mean-Square (LMS)-style identification algorithms are applied. To speed convergence of neural identifiers, we introduce the preprocessing of identifier inputs using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithms. PCA is a procedure (that is realizable via a neural network) for the automatic generation of a transformation of the neural identifier's external inputs that makes the correlation matrix identity. When inputs are pre-processed in this way, enormous improvements in the convergence speed of the neural identifier is obtained. From a study of several such algorithms, we developed a new PCA approach which exhibits excellent convergence properties, insensitivity to noise and reliable accuracy. Numerical examples show many orders of magnitude reduction in the time required for convergence of system identifiers. © 1998, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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MACE II: A space shuttle experiment for investigating adaptive control of flexible spacecraft

MACE II: A space shuttle experiment for investigating adapti...

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Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 1998

作者： Denoyer, Keith K. Hyland, David C. Davis, Lawrence D. Miller, David W. Air Force Research Laboratory Dynamics Group Leader Vehicle Technologies Branch Space Vehicles Directorate PRS VSDV 3550 Aberdeen Ave. SE Kirtland AFBNM87117-5776 United States University of Michigan Dept. of Aerospace Engineering 3064 FXB Bldg. 1320 Beal St Ann ArborMI48019-2118 United States Planning Systems Inc. Melbourne Controls Group 1901 S. Harbor City Blvd. MelbourneFL32901 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Space Engineering Research Center 77 Massachusetts Ave. CambridgeMA02139-4307 United States

This paper presents an overview of the Middeck Active Control Experiment - Flight II (MACE II). MACE is a space shuttle flight experiment designed to investigate modeling and control issues for achieving high precision pointing and vibration control of future spacecraft. MACE was developed by NASA Langley Research Center, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Payload systems, Inc. The experiment was successfully flown on STS-67 in March 1995. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has initiated a program to refly the MACE hardware to investigate the use of adaptive control algorithms for precision structural control. MACE II will answer key questions about the ability of adaptive algorithms to perform with respect to the constraints and uncertainties associated with space flight. It will also provide a basis for comparing these adaptive techniques with the fixed-gain linear control approach employed by MACE I. © 1998, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Research laboratories

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Comfort and control in the workplace

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ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS 1997年第9期39卷 50-&页

作者： Lomonaco, C Miller, D ASHRAE United States Personal Environments Product Group United States Johnson Controls Inc. Milwaukee WI United States University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Milwaukee School of Engineering United States TG4 SBS Task Group Smart Building Systems United States TC 1.4 Contr. Theor. and Applic. United States Johnson Controls R. and D. United States Personal Environments Product Team Research and Technical Committee

Scientific studies indicate that productivity increases as much as 15% when workers are satisfied with their environment. This paper concentrates on positive productivity gains connected to environmental comfort and individual control in the workplace as well as field-proven benefits associated with using environmentally responsive workstation systems, especially when used in an open-floor plan setting.

关键词： Air conditioning

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DETERMINISTIC RULE-BASED TRAFFIC DESCRIPTORS FOR BROAD-BAND ISDN - WORST-CASE BEHAVIOR AND ITS IMPACT ON CONNECTION ACCEPTANCE controls

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION systems 1995年第2期8卷 91-109页

作者： DOSHI, BT HO 3M-335 AT&T Bell Laboratories Holmdel NJ 07733 U.S.A. Bharat T. Doshi is a supervisor in the Performance Analysis Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories Holmdel New Jersey. His group provides analytic support for a variety of AT&T's information management systems telecommunications systems and networks and computer networks in the areas of performance engineering capacity planning and congestion management. His group also conducts research in integrated communication systems and networks. Recent work has concentrated on frame relay networks ATMibroadband ISDN wireless networking and PCS. The focus is in the areas of error controls flow and congestion controls communication protocols routeing strategies network design and fault-tolerant operation. Bharat's research interests include queueing theory and teletraffic theory and their applications to computer and communications systems. He has over sixty publications in a variety of technical journals. Bharat received his B.Tech. from ITT Bombay in 1970 and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Operations Research from Cornell University in 1973 and 1974 respectively. Bharat is member of IEEE and ORSA and Associate Editor of the OR Letters High Speed Networking and Queueing Systems Journals.

Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors in general, and leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors in particular, offer many advantages over statistical descriptors for specifying and monitoring traffic in the ATM based broadband ISDN (BISDN). However, these traffic descriptors do not specify the traffic pattern uniquely. Thus, acceptance of a connection request with specific traffic descriptor parameter values implies that the network has agreed to guaranteeing the quality of service (QOS) for the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor (and hence allowed by the monitor). This poses challenges which have not been addressed adequately. Two of the important ones are: (i) definition of the worst case behaviour and characterization of the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor;(ii) connection acceptance controls (CAC) for the worst case traffic sources compliant with the traffic descriptors. In this paper we address these questions for leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors. The focus is on the first problem. The implications on the second problem are discussed briefly. The performance measure and QOS requirements are in terms of the cell loss ratios. We first define the worst case behaviour for homogeneous and heterogeneous environments in terms of collective cell loss ratio (CLR)) from the multiplexer. We consider both the unbuffered and buffered cases. However, most of the results here are for the unbuffered case. For the case of an unbuffered multiplexer and homogeneous source environment, we show that a simple on-off source represents the worst case behaviour of an LBB source. In a heterogeneous source traffic environment, the on-off behaviour is the worst only in a limited sense and the use of a collective measure results in anomalous relationships between the source behaviour and the CLR. A more appropriate measure should be based on individual cell loss ratios or on the maximum of the individual CLRs. We analyse L

关键词： ATM CELL LOSS RATIO UNBUFFERED MULTIPLEXER BUFFERED MULTIPLEXER

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