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Entity-relationship and object-oriented data modeling - An experimental comparison of design quality

DATA & KNOWLEDGE engineering 1997年第3期21卷 297-315页

作者： Shoval, P Shiran, S Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel

We compare EER and OO data models from the point of view of design quality. Quality is measured in terms of (a) correctness of the conceptual schemas being designed, (b) time to complete the design task, and (c) designers' preferences of the models. Result of an experimental comparison of the two models reveal that the EER model surpasses the OO model for designing unary and ternary relationships, it takes less time to design EER schemas, and the EER model is preferred by designers. We conclude that even if the objective is to implement an OO database schema, the recommended procedure is to: (1) create an EER conceptual scheme, (2) map it to an OO schema, and augment the target schema with behavioral constructs that are unique to the 00 approach.

关键词： data modeling entity relationship model object oriented model database design conceptual schema experimentation schema transformation quality of design

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Data envelopment analysis with integral targets [management decision making]

Data envelopment analysis with integral targets [management ...

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1997 Portland International Conference on management and Technology, PICMET 1997

作者： Anderson, T.R. Sharp, G.P. Engineering Management Program Portland State University PortlandOR97207-0751 United States School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780335740

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) inherently assumes that the feasible targets for inputs and outputs are continuous. This paper develops and illustrates extensions to DEA that allow for integer valued inputs and outputs. It is found that DEA's implicit assumption of continuous targets can be significant in certain applications. © 1997 PICMET.

关键词： Data envelopment analysis

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Quality improvement that improves patient satisfaction

Quality improvement that improves patient satisfaction

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Portland International Conference on management of engineering and Technology (PICMET)

作者： D.Z. Milosevic M. Bayyigit T. Daim Engineering Management Program Portland State University Portland OR USA Industrial Engineering and Systems Analysis TEFEN USA Limited Foster CA USA

Although many practitioners believe there is value in total quality management (TQM) initiatives, it sounds fair to demand empirical evidence of its positive role in improving patient satisfaction in the health care industry. The authors study found evidence that TQM made a difference in improving patient satisfaction in a US government clinic.

关键词： Total quality management Medical services Government Quality management Research and development management Time measurement Industrial engineering Cities and towns Costs Continuous improvement

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Data envelopment analysis with integral targets [management decision making]

Data envelopment analysis with integral targets [management ...

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Portland International Conference on management of engineering and Technology (PICMET)

作者： T.R. Anderson G.P. Sharp Engineering Management Program Portland State University Portland OR USA School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

关键词： Data envelopment analysis Research and development management Decision making Linear programming Petroleum Gas industry systems engineering and theory Target recognition Semiconductor device manufacture

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Information technology and the terrorist threat

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Survival 1997年第3期39卷 135-155页

作者： Hoo, Kevin Soo Goodman, Seymour Greenberg, Lawrence [a] A researcher at the Center for International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) Stanford University CA [b] Doctoral candidate in Engineering-Economic Systems [c] Director of the IT and National Security Program CISAC [d] Professor of Management Information Systems University of Arizona Tucson AZ [e] General Counsel for The Motley Fool Inc.

Present conditions do not seem to favor information technology terrorism, but the current trends of increasing societal vulnerability and decreasing technical difficulty might encourage it in the future.

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Empirical testing: The prototyper's evaluation mechanism

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 41-46页

作者： Hafner, AN Arnold N. Hafner Ph.D.:is founder and president of Information Systems Research (ISR). He has twenty-five years of experience in systems development and is published in the field of systems development management. He served as corporate research scientist at Systems Exploration Inc. from 1988 to 1991 program director at Computer Science Corporation from 1983 to 1988 director of operations at Republic Management Systems Corporation from 1981 to 1983 and program manager at Computer Science Corporation from 1972 to 1981. A 1962 graduate of the US. Naval Academy he holds a doctoral degree in human behavior and engineering degrees in electronics and communications. He has taught courses on information systems and systems management at most of the colleges in the San Diego area. Dr. Hafner has presented fourteen refereed research papers while publishing sixteen articles and a book A Manager's Guide to Software System Development.

Evaluating complex systems is the subject of this paper, the third in a series investigating prototyping. It provides an interesting and helpful overview of how to evaluate systems prototypes and outlines the iterative stream of developer-user interactions that is replacing older approaches to testing and evaluating new military systems, which promise to reduce the time required to develop and field future military capabilities. Changes to the acquisition process, such as those the paper sketches, will facilitate the nation's rapid transit through its current revolution in military affairs.

关键词： systems analysis

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Environmental compliance: Requirements and technology opportunities for future ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 349-369页

作者： Nickens, AD Pizzino, JF Crane, CH Anthony D. Nickens:is the research and development progrma a manager for the Navy's Environmental Protection Program at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R).He is responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and precedures to assure compliance with maritime environmental laws and regulations He holds an M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Florida and a B.S. degree i chemical engineering magna cum laude from the North Carolina State University. In addition he successufully completed the twenty-week Program Management Course at the Defense Systems management College in Fort Belvoir Virginia and the Executive Program at the University of Virginia Darden Graduate School of Business. He is also an engineering duty officer in the Navy reserves and a previous author and frequent contributor to Naval Engineers Journal. Josepe F. Pizzino:is a Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Employee working at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R). He is a research and development program manager for the Navy's Environment Protection Program responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and procedures to assure combliance with maritime environment laws and regulations. Prior to his present assignment he was project engineer for the development os shipboard and life-boat reverse osmosis desalination systems both of which are persently being unstalled aboard Navy ships. He holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Marland and an M.S. degree in chimical engineering from The Catholic Uhiversity of America. Chirstopher H. Crane:is a senior scientist at Geo-Centrs Inc. where he has provided technical program and dcumentation support for Navy headquarters shipboard environmental programs since 1989. Previouss grover

Navy ships must be able to operate anywhere in the world and visit any port unencumbered by environmental restrictions. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OCNO) has formulated a vision for the environmentally sound ship of the 21st century, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements applicable to Navy ships, while maintaining fleet effectiveness and readiness. Navy ships generate a variety of solid and liquid wastes and atmospheric emissions. Ships have limited capabilities for holding wastes for offload to shore. Working closely with the OCNO, the Naval Sea systems Command (NavSea) is developing systems, equipment, and procedures to process and manage ship wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. Several pieces of shipboard equipment have been successfully developed to process solid and liquid waste, hazardous materials and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The technologies and practices being developed under this program will: ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations, significantly reduce the logistic burdens and costs associated with shoreside offload and disposal of ship wastes, implement Navy environmental and occupational safety and health policies, enhance the quality of life aboard ship, and continue the Navy's leadership role in protecting the marine environment.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Maintenance avoidance and maintenance reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 47-56页

作者： Jacobs, KS McComas, JP Kenneth J. Jacobs:is director of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Surface Ship Maintenance Division (Sea 915). Originally trained as a data systems technician he attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia and graduated with a B.S degree in mechanical engineering in 1975. Over the course of the last twenty-one years Mr. Jacobs has served in NavSea as a project engineer for boats and service craft as the type desk for AFS AOR AO and AOG ship types and as manager of the Amphibious and Auxiliary Ship Maintenance Strategy Program where he was instrumental in the development and implementation of the Phased Maintenance Program. He has authored several papers on the subject of ship maintenance and is a member of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society ASNE and the Association of Scientists and Engineers. Jon P. McComas:is a 1967 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and a 1974 graduate of the Naval Postgraduate School where he earned an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He also completed the Executive Management Program at North-western University in 1988. During his twenty-eight year naval career he served in destroyers and was a qualified surface warfare officer. He was designated an engineering duty officer in 1977 and subsequently held a number of positions primarily in the area of fleet maintenance and modernization including ship superintendent and type desk officer at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard assistant maintenance officer on the staff of ComNav-SurfGru WestPac in Subic Bay Phillippines assistant program manager for steam-powered surface combatants (PMS 313) and for gas turbine-powered surface combatants (PMS 314) at Navsea and director Maintenance Policy Branch (OP 433) on the CNO staff. Following a tour as head of engineering duty assignments at BuPers his last active duty assignment was at NavSea as the program manager for surface ships (PMS 335) responsible for life cycle management of more than 300 surface ships in forty-three ship classes and direction of the Navy Ship Inactivation P

Maintenance is performed to restore a system's inherent reliability. However, reliability is not enough: a maintenance task must ''pay for itself'' in dollars or readiness. This applies to all types of maintenance: corrective, preventive, and alterative. We can reduce corrective maintenance costs through preventive and alterative maintenance. We can reduce preventive maintenance costs by eliminating inapplicable and ineffecitve tasks. We must weigh alterative maintenance costs against the value of improved readiness and cost-avoidance of future corrective maintenance. The U.S. Navy is improving alterative maintenance by engineering for reduced maintenance (ERM). This process corrects the root cause of some high-cost items by replacing the system, component, or coating with an improved design or material. It overcomes the limit of preventive maintenance: higher levels of inherent reliability require design improvement. The U.S. Navy is improving preventive maintenance through condition-based maintenance (CBM). The Navy's CBM initiative encompasses three parallel efforts: rules (improving maintenance requirements and plans), tools (using computer and diagnostic technology to facilitate maintenance decision-making), and schools (educating all levels of maintenance decision-makers in reliability and condition-based maintenance engineering principles). This paper addresses how the U.S. Navy surface ship community plans to avoid inapplicable and ineffective maintenance and reduce maintenance costs without sacrificing reliability.

关键词： Logistics

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Joint Logistics Over The Shore operations in rough seas

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 385-393页

作者： Vaughters, TG Mardiros, MF Theodore G. Vaughters:has more than thirty years of engineering and program management experience in the development and testing of material handing hardware systems to transfer cargo from ship-to-shore from ship-to-ship and within both Navy and commercial ships. From 1967 to 1977 he was a supervisory naval architect at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and Mare Island Naval Shipyard. In 1977 he joined his present organization and became office head in 1987. He has received numberous awards including the Meritorious Civilian Service Award for the management of a program which development a Ro/Ro ship offshore unloading facility. His department is currently engaged in a number of RDT&E logistics program which include environmental ligistics Navy logistics modeling and simulation mobile offshore bases sea based logistics strategic sealift joint service ligistics over the shore systems underway replenishment and shipboard cargo handling systems. Martin F. Mardiros:has been working on JLOTS related systems for eight years as a engineer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. He has a B.S.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan He has participated in numberous JLOTS and JLOTS related exercises since 1988. Mr Mardiros has fielded a evaluation of full scale prototype sea state 3 JLOTS systems for evaluation and demonstration such as the Air Cushion Vehicle Landing Platform (ACVLAP) improved mooring and fendering systems for causeway ferries and motion mitigation sytems for the Roll-On/Roll-Off Discharge Facility. Mr. Mardiros recently headed up the JLOTS Sea State 3 Option Study which is being used by the Navy and Army to develop their JLOTS master plan.

Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS) operations involve the unloading of ships without the benefit of fixed port facilities. Container ships, roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) ships, break bulk ships, heavy lift ships, and tankers are the most common merchant vessels utilized in JLOTS operations to transport military cargo. A major problem is that the current JLOTS system is inoperative in sea state 3 and greater conditions. When seas build above sea state 3 the motion and relative motion of lighters and ships create extremely dangerous conditions which preclude the movement of cargo. New technology is currently being developed by the Navy, Army and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to improve JLOTS operations. Several new JLOTS subsystems were recently tested as part of an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) sponsored joint services test and evaluation program called JLOTS III (June 1993). JLOTS III showed that lighters, cargo transfer systems, and personnel do not have the capability or training to perform in sea state 3, as currently required by military doctrine. Subsequent to the JLOTS III testing, a number of R&D innovations have been examined and a Heavy Weather (Sea State 3) JLOTS Options Study has been completed. This options study has defined and characterized all the weak links related to heavy weather operations and has identified and/or developed concepts to improve the overall JLOTS operational efficiency. This paper discusses current JLOTS technology development initiatives from a joint services perspective with regard to the following question: Can emerging technology, in combination with improved training and command and control, provide a heavy weather JLOTS capability which is affordable?

关键词： Naval warfare

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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