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The Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) - A design for littoral warfare in the 2010 timeframe

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第1期108卷 61-72页

作者： Calvano, CN Riedel, JS Professor Charles N. Calvano Capt. USN (Ret.): of the Naval Postgraduate School is responsible for a program in Total Ship Systems Engineering. He is a graduate of the Naval Academy who served as a surface warfare officer. After completion of his graduate education at MIT he became an Engineering Duty Officer and served at Boston Naval Shipyard in several capacities. He was the Repair Facilities Advisor to the Vietnamese Navy the Project Officer for construction of nuclear powered guided missile cruisers (CGNs) at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Newport News Virginia and served on the staff of the Commander Naval Surface Forces U.S. Atlantic Fleet and later at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding in Portsmouth Virginia in maintenance and overhaul management positions. He was Officer in Charge of the Annapolis Laboratory of the David Taylor Research Center and Commanding Officer of the Engineering Duty Officer School. He retired from active duty in October 1991 after serving in the Naval Sea Systems Command as the Director of the Ship Design Group and of the Advanced Concepts and Technology Group. Lt. Jeffrey S. Riedel USN:is an Engineering Duty Officer currently assigned to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Bath Maine. He obtained his B.S. degree in Marine Engineering from Maine Maritime Academy in 1986 and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering plus a Mechanical Engineer's degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1993. Lt. Riedel's naval career has included duty aboaqrd USS Wainwright (CG 28) as auxiliaries officer damage control assistant and main machinery officer. Currently he serves as the assistant production officer at SUPSHIP Bath in charge of DDG 51 class construction and delivery.

This paper describes the design of a Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) for the 2010 timeframe. The requirements for the design were for a ship to operate in littoral areas of the world with a mission of deterring regional conflicts and of hampering the efforts of the aggressor in such a conflict. In addition the ship's mission included the evacuation of friendly personnel as hostilities become likely. The problem countering the littoral threat during times of constrained budgets is addressed. Top level requirements for the design, generated in parallel with ''.... From the Sea'' [1], were used to set the design goals. The paper describes the manner in which littoral warfare changes the nature of the challenges faced by Navy surface combatants, including a ship such as the RDS 2010. A number of factors become more crucial design concerns than for blue water ships, including reduced reaction times, likelihood of attack from hidden land sites, shallow water mines and shallow water USW Certain other factors become less critical in littoral areas and this also has ship design impacts. While some present ship designs can perform some of the tasks needed in a littoral warfare/regional conflict environment, none represents a completely integrated design (hull, mechanical & electrical;combat systems;fiscal and manning constraints;reduced vulnerability;robust self-defense etc.) for a vessel stationed in waters that, without warning, can become hostile. After describing the mission requirements to which the RDS 2010 was designed, the paper discusses the controlling design philosophy and decisions and describes the process used to assess threats to the ship. The process of combat system selection, against the backdrop of expected threat scenarios, is described and the intended approach to integration of the combat system is discussed. In recognition that decreased reaction times and surprise attacks are likely to threaten a ship engaged in regional deterrence, discussions oi

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STRUCTURED METHOD FOR DESIGNING SUBsystems

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1995年第2期37卷 79-85页

作者： SHOVAL, P Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel

This paper describes a structured method for designing subsystems from a whole system, which extends ADISSA methodology for systems analysis, design and prototyping, The design of a subsystem includes: (a) definition of the transactions, or processes, that belong to the subsystem, thus determining the boundaries of the subsystem;(b) design of the subsystem user-interface, a sub-menu-tree, derivable from the menu-tree interface of the global system;and (c) design of the database sub-schema, derivable from the global database schema. The method is supported by a CASE tool, enabling automatic and interactive design and prototyping of the subsystems.

关键词： SUBSYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY CASE PROTOTYPING TRANSACTIONS MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE MENU-TREE DATABASE SCHEMA SUB-SCHEMA

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Employee Perceptions of Workplace Factors That Will Most Improve Their Performance

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Performance Improvement Quarterly 1996年第2期9卷

作者： Peter J. Dean Martha Ray Dean Rebecca M. Rebalsky University of Tennessee Department Head for Human Resources Development at the University of Tennessee and editor of Performance Improvement Quarterly. He is Vice President of Research for the International Board of Standards for Training Performance and Instruction and is editor of Performance Engineering at Work. Mailing address: University of Tennessee 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue Rm 110 Knoxville TN 37996‐1900. Philadelphia College of Bible Extensive experience in design development implementation and evaluation of instruction performance improvement and management systems in the public and private sectors. She also teaches graduate education courses at Philadelphia College of Bible. Mailing address: Philadelphia College of Bible 200 Manor Avenue Langhorne PA 19047‐2990. E‐mail: 76173.1257@*** Penn State University at Great Valley Graduate of the Master of Management Program at Penn State University's Great Valley Campus. Her area of specialization is health care administration. Mailing address: Pennsylvania State University Great Valley Management Program 30 East Swedesford Road Malvern PA. 19355.

Training is often the performance improvement solution of choice, yet how often does the best training not yield performance improvement? There is a growing body of evidence that indicates that many times performance improvement can be achieved faster, cheaper, and better by altering factors in the workplace than by training. This article describes an activity designed to illustrate the importance of workplace factors in improving performance and a study that demonstrates its validity. Results of the study indicate that two‐thirds of the participants believed the environmental factors of information, resources, and incentives needed improving in order to enable them to improve their own performance.

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A Sophisticated Ground Water Analytical Tool

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Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 1995年第2期15卷 134-139页

作者： Tonjes, David J. Heil, James H. Black, John A. David J. Tonjes is a doctoral candidate in coastal oceanography at the Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook through its Waste Management Institute (Waste Management Institute Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook 11794–5000). Under a grant from the Town Board he is a technical adviser to the commissioner of waste management of the town of Brookhaven New York in solid waste planning regulatory compliance and environmental site monitoring. Tonjes has a B.A. in liberal arts from St. John's College an M.S. in computer science from New York Institute of Technology and an M.S. in technological systems management from the University at Stony Brook. James H. Heil is commissioner of waste management for the town of Brookhaven (Department of Waste Management Town of Brookhaven 3233 Rte. 112 Medford NY 11763). Heil received a B.S. from Manhattan College and an M.S. from New York University in civil engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in New York. He is a former president of the New York State Solid Waste Management Association. John A. Black is the coordinator of the environmental science program at Suffolk County Community College (Environmental Science Program Suffolk County Community College Selden NY 11784). He is currently the chair of the Ecology Committee of the Pine Barrens Advisory Committee for Suffolk County and is a member of the Suffolk County Pine Barrens Review Commission. Black received a B.S. in chemistry from Adephi University an M.S. in public administration from the University at Stony Book an M. S. from Hofstra University and a Ph. D. from Adlephi in marine sciences.

Stiff diagrams arc a multivariate method of analysis used to describe the chemical state of ground water. The use of Stiff diagrams to describe multiconstituent contamination sites, such as landfills, has distinct advantages over single constituent analyses. Problems associated with traditional Stiff diagram analyses, such as diagram attentuation, can be addressed by allowing the scale of the diagram to vary with the ionic strength of the analyzed sample. The use of these sliding scale Stiff diagrams reveals the chemical slate of the ground water over wide ranges of constituent concentrations and thus allows for sensitive and sophisticated depictions of complicated contamination sites in a fashion that is extremely difficult to replicate with single constituent analyses. This approach has possible applications for understanding and tracing the mixing and chemical changes in uncontaminated settings. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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INVESTIGATING NEW COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SHIPBOARD COMBAT systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第3期107卷 253-265页

作者： GEARY, JW MASTERS, MW Cdr. John W. Geary USN:graduated from the United States Naral Academy in 1977. Upon completion of Surface Warfare Officers' School he was assigned to USS Timers (DDG-9). Cdr. Geary next attended the Naval Postgraduate School where he earned an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1983. He is also a graduate of the Program Management Course at the Detense Systems Management College. Ft. Belvoir. Virginia. Cdr. Geary was assigned to the Space and Naval Warfare Command from July I983 to June 1986. where he scrved as the Assistant Program Manager for the Integrated Communication System. Shipboard Communication Area Network (ICS SCAN) program. From July 1986 to July 1990. Cdr. Geary was assigned to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding. Conivrsion and Repair. Bath. Maine. He served as the Aegis Test Officer and was responsible tor the combat system integration and test of the Aegis cruisers and destroyers built by Hath Iron Works. In August 1990. Cdr. Geary assumed command of the Integrated Combat System Test Facility (ICSTF) in San Diego. California In December 1993. Cdr. Geary reported to Aegis Program Office (PMS400) where he presently serves as the Combat System Baseline Manager. Cdr deary's awards include the Meritorious Service Medal (two awards). Navy Commendation Medal (two awards). Meritorious Unit Commendation and the National Detense Service Medal

While the end of the Cold War minimized the threat of open ocean naval combat, new littoral warfare missions and threats such as tactical ballistic missiles have emerged. These threats and missions challenge the traditional military standard computing resources available to the Navy--a challenge that is increasingly difficult to meet in a cost effective manner. Furthermore, in recognition of the high cost of military standards, Secretary of Defense William Perry has directed that commercial standards be utilized wherever possible. As a consequence of this changing environment, the Aegis shipbuilding program has begun efforts to replace current military standard computing equipment with both higher performance commercial equipment and newer system architectures, i.e. distributed computing. As a part of this process, the Aegis program Office has collaborated with the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to conduct a joint experiment on the feasibility of inserting a number of ARPA-developed distributed computing technologies into the Aegis combat system, The High Performance Distributed Computing program (HiPer-D) was created from this joint initiative. The overall objective of HiPer-D is to validate distributed computing for Navy shipboard combat system applications. This paper presents the results of the first HiPer-D demonstration of commercial computing technology as applied to the Aegis combat system.

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An architecture of an intelligent system for routing user requests in a network of heterogeneous databases

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Journal of Intelligent Information systems 1994年第2期3卷 205-219页

作者： Giladi, Ran Shoval, Peretz Information Systems Program Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel

We present a general purpose model for routing user requests, e.g. queries, in a network of autonomous heterogeneous databases. The database schemas and other information on the database nodes are used to construct a multi-level knowledge-base (MKB) that resides in various nodes. Access to the databases is not done by creating direct connections between the user and the nodes where the data are presumably located. Rather, the user approaches the network by contents via an intelligent system that utilizes the MKB in order to identify the nodes and databases where the most relevant information resides, and establishes access routes to those nodes. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

关键词： computer communication networks database management database schema and subschema distributed systems federated databases heterogeneous databases information storage and retrieval knowledge bases query processing semantic networks

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Dynamic Diversification of Fixed Income Portfolios

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Financial Analysts Journal 1994年第1期50卷 30-38页

作者： John M. Mulvey Stavros A. Zenios Professor Engineering and Management Systems Program Princeton University. Director Engineering and Management Systems Program Princeton University. Associate Professor of Decision Sciences Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Principal Investigator HERMES Laboratory of Financial Modeling and Simulation

A systematic and practical approach for diversifying a portfolio of fixed-income securities blends forward-looking simulations of the term structure of interest rates with traditional concepts from equity management. The objective is to form a well-diversified portfolio, one that is robust to anticipated changes in interest rates and other uncertainties. To achieve this objective, the dynamic effects must be jointly modeled so that security correlations (comovements) can be estimated. Once a covariance matrix is constructed, traditional methods of portfolio management can be employed. The concepts apply to a wide variety of fixed-income areas, including the high-yield sector and mortgage-backed securities.

关键词： Mortgage backed securities Financial portfolios Security prices Cash flow Investment risk Portfolio diversification Financial advisers Security portfolios Interest rates

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DDG-51 CLASS COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第4期106卷 165-173页

作者： OUILLETTE, JJ THE AUTHOR is the DDG-51 class computer-aided design project manager in the Navy's Aegis program office. Ms. Ouillette is 1986 graduate of the University of Maine with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. Prior to her current position Ms. Ouillette was employed by the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Bath Me. where she was involved with engineering systems management for the DDG-51 class program.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing technology is being implemented in the U.S. Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) Class Aegis Destroyer program. Under the Navy's direction, the DDG-51 class construction yards are aggressively pursuing the transition to CAD-based design, construction and life cycle support. Through the CAD initiative, acquisition costs can be reduced without reduction of ships' capability. Building a three dimensional (3D) computer generated model of the ship prior to construction will facilitate the identification and resolution of interference and interface problems that would otherwise remain undetected until actual ship construction. The 3D database contains geometry and design data to support system design and concurrent engineering and is exchanged electronically between the construction yards. Detailed design drawings, fabrication sketches, and numerical control (NC) data are extracted directly from the database to support construction. At the completion of ship construction, as-built models will be provided to the planning yard for life cycle support.

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JOINT LOGISTICS OVER THE SHORE OPERATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 256-263页

作者： VAUGHTERS, TG The Author:has over thirty years of engineering and program management experience in the development and testing of material handling hardware systems to transfer cargo from ship-to-shore from ship-to-ship and within both navy and commercial ships. From 1967 to 1977 he was a supervisory naval architect at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and Mare Island Naval Shipyard. In 1977 he joined his present organization and became office head in 1987. He has received numerous awards including the Meritorious Civilian Service Award for the management of a program which developed a RO/RO ship offshore unloading facility. His office is currently engaged in a number of RDT&E programs dealing with mobile offshore bases strategic sealift joint service logistics over the shore systems underway replenishment and shipboard cargo handling systems.

Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS) operations are the unloading of ships without the benefit of fixed port facilities. Container ships, RO/RO ships, break bulk ships, heavy lift ships, and tankers are the most common merchant vessels utilized in JLOTS to transport military cargo. Operational requirements dictate that merchant ship unloading be conducted over unimproved shorelines in Sea State 0 through 3 conditions under adverse environmental conditions. New technology is currently being developed to improve the offshore unloading of the various types of merchant ships normally used in JLOTS operations, but to date technology has not been able to satisfy the Sea State 3 requirement. Several new JLOTS subsystems were recently tested as part of a OSD sponsored joint service test and evaluation program called JLOTS III. Test operations above Sea State 2 were not possible. Lighters, cargo transfer systems, and personnel did not have the capability or training to perform in Sea State 3 as currently required by military doctrine. This paper discusses the current state of affairs of JLOTS technology developments with regard to three questions: (1) is the Sea State 3 requirement still a valid requirement;(2) can existing technology in combination with improved training solve the problem;and (3) can emerging technology provide a better, more cost effective solution in the long run? This paper addresses several emerging JLOTS technology initiatives which, if implemented, could vastly improve JLOTS and make the entire JLOTS system much more affordable.

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THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM - RISK-BASED RESOURCE programMING AT WORK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 279-284页

作者： JACOBS, KS SODERSTROM, GW Kenneth S. Jacobs:is the director of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Surface Ship Maintenance Division. Originally trained as a data systems technician he attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia graduating with a BS degree in mechanical engineering in 1975. Over the course of the last eighteen years Mr. Jacobs has served in NavSea as a project engineer for boats and service craft as the type desk for AFS AOR AO and AOG ship types and as manager of the Amphibious and Auxiliary Ship Maintenance Strategy Program where he was instrumental in the development and implementation of the Phased Maintenance Program. He has authored several papers on the subject of ship maintenance and is a member of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society ASNE and the Association of Scientists and Engineers. Grant W. Soderstrom:is an engineer with American Management Systems Inc. He received his BS in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1983 and his MS in systems engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1991. While on active duty he served as weapons officer and in various engineering positions on nuclear submarines qualifying as a naval nuclear engineer. His maintenance experience includes a submarine refueling overhaul. For the past two years he has been involved with surface ship maintenance engineering.

The U.S. Navy has refined its program Objective Memorandum (POM) development process to ensure that future budgets provide adequate ship maintenance funding while maintaining the proper balance between force structure and force readiness. The Maintenance Requirements System (MRS) is now the process which allows the U.S. Navy Surface Ship community to forecast and defend its requirements by articulating the potential mission impact (risk) of funding constraints. Risk is defined across many disciplines as the product of the severity of an outcome and the probability of an outcome. For maintenance, we define relative risk as the severity of system failure times the probability of system failure if a maintenance task is not performed. Any limited budget carries some risk, since some maintenance tasks will not be funded. When funding for a future availability is constrained, MRS sorts the representative maintenance tasks in descending order of risk and cuts the list based on funding. MRS then identifies the mission impact of each unfunded maintenance task. This method does not predict or dictate the actual maintenance performed on each ship in the future, but through feedback it projects the types and costs of required maintenance and provides an estimate of the impact of funding constraints. This paper outlines the basic principles of risk-based decision making, provides a detailed discussion of an actual risk-based decision making process (MRS), and suggests some other maintenance applications of risk-based decision making.

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