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COMBAT SYSTEM ACQUISITION FOR NAVAL SURFACE COMBATANTS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第1期90卷 79-91页

作者： ROBINS, RR ROGERS, PA Mr. Robert R. Robinsis a Senior Systems Engineer with Scientific Management Associates Riverdale. Md. where he is presently involved in Combat System Development for the 3K SES. He has been engaged in various aspects of Combat System Design and Integration for the past nine years since receiving his BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1968. Mr. Paul A. Rogersis a Program Manager with Scientific Management Associates and presently he is managing SMA s Management Support for a variety of programs including SEAMOD. 3K SES. DDG—47. Sea Based Air Platforms Study and the HN—993. He has been involved in various aspects of Combat and Ship Systems Acquisition for the past fifteen years.

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WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION CATEGORIZATION FOR MILITARY VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第6期90卷 67-72页

作者： TEITLER, S PROODIAN, RE Dr. Sidney Teitler after receiving his Ph.D. in Physics from Syracuse University joined the Staff of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) where he carried out studies in various areas of experimental and theoretical Physics. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and from 1966 until 1967 spent a Sabbatical Leave at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. Denmark. At present he divides his time between technical and management activities as Head of the Program and Resource Analysis Office at NRL. Mr. Robert E. Proodianreceived his BS degree in Plastics Technology from the Lowell Technological Institute and is currently enrolled in the Graduate School (Center for Technology and Administration) at The American University. He joined the Non—Metallic Materials Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) in 1968 where he was engaged in the technical management of R&D for new polymer systems for the Navy. In 1974 he joined NRL as a Program Liaison Officer for the Chemistry Division and in 1976 he was transferred to his present position in the Laboratory's Program and Resource Analysis Office.

The paper presents a compact method for displaying vehicle weight distributions and utilizes this in a discussion of design “trade—offs” for military vehicles.

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WHY NOT SAILS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第5期90卷 57-62页

作者： MORISSEAU, KC The author graduated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 receiving his BS degree in Marine Engineering. He then reported to the Navy's Bureau of Ships where after 18 months training he was assigned to the Hull Mechanical Section in the Hull Design Branch. During this period he was involved in the contract design of various materials handling features of naval ships including vehicle and cargo handling for Amphibious Ships electronics equipment handling and replenishment at sea and in addition also was charged with the management and operation of the Division's computer installation. In 1964 he became the Hull Project Coordinator for the AOR 1 Class AO(J) 51 Class and the AOE 3 Class ships and after completing their contract design was transferred to the Auxiliary Type Desk and reassigned as AE 26 Class Project Engineer. From 1965 until 1974 he was the Program Manager for the FAST System and the Missile/Cargo STREAM System in the Underway Replenishment Project Office (PMS–390)/Underway Replenishment Division (SHIPS–490) and its organizational predecessors. In April 1974 when SHIPS–490 and SHIPS–427 were merged he became Head of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Branch the position he now holds in the Naval Sea Systems Command.

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THE FFG–7 GUIDED MISSLE FRIGATE program– MODEL FOR THE FUTURE?

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第3期90卷 93-105页

作者： BEECHER, JOHN D. DiTRAPANI, ANTHONY R. Captain John D. Beecher USN:is the Project Manager Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He holds a BS degree in Naval Science from the U. S. Naval Academy a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the U. S. Navy Postgraduate School and a MS degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT. He is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer who served for seventeen years in the unrestricted line. Captain Beecher's military decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal with Star in lieu of Second Award. Mr. Anthony R. DiTrapani:is the Deputy Project Manager of the Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1958. He began his engineering career in the Navy's Bureau of Ships Steam Turbine and Gear Branch. specializing in steam turbine systems for nuclear submarines. In 1962 after completing graduate work at The George Washington University and a Navy–sponsored Electronics Training Program he joined the SQS–26 Sonar Project and served as Head of the Special Projects Section and subsequently the Test and Analysis Section until 1967. In 1967 he was selected to head the ASW Branch and later the Technical Management Plans Division for the DD–963 Ship Acquisition Project. Naval Sea Systems Command until 1971 when he was assigned to the FFG Project.

Late in 1970, Admiral E. R. Zumwalt, Chief of Naval Operations, directed that study begin towards development of a new class of ocean escort, now known as the FFG 7 (Oliver Hazard Perry) Class, to take over some of the duties of the Navy's World War II destroyers as these 25 year old ships are retired from the active Fleet. At the same time, the Department of Defense was significantly revising its basic policies for the development and acquisition of major weapons systems, and the FFG became the Navy's first major ship class acquisition under these new policies. These new policies, as announced in DOD Directive 5000.1, along with the program constraints imposed by the CNO, required the development of a philosophy and approach towards design, test and evaluation and acquisition which was significantly different from previous ship procurements. This paper summarizes the overall acquisition, T&E and logistic support plans for the FFG 7 Class as they were developed and implemented to meet these needs and constraints, discusses the ship trial results, and provides a commentary regarding the effectiveness of the approach and future applicability. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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LESSONS LEARNED IN DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING IN FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 112-118页

作者： EDMONDO, PM MCCAMMON, PL Mr. Peter M. Edmondois presently Senior Human Factors Analyst for Sperry Systems Management. He was an Engineering Psychologist in the Shipboard Manning and Automation Program at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center during the period addressed in the paper. His major responsibility was that of Operations Trials Director for the Integrated Bridge System. Previous employment has been with the Department of Psychology Naval Medical Research Institute (1963–1965) and as Senior Project Scientist in the Human Engineering and Systems Effectiveness Branch. DTNSRDC (1962–1972). Mr. Edmondo who has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Boston College Chestnut Hill Mass. is a member of the Human Factors Society and a member of ASNE since 1969. USN Cdr. Peter L. McCammon USNreceived his BS degree from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1962 his BSEE degree from the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif and his MS degree from The Johns Hopkins University. He also graduated from the Naval War College with high distinction upon completion of the Naval Command Course and is currently serving as the Executive Officer USS Dale (CG—19). Prior to his present assignment he served as Engineer Officer USS Wallace L. Lind (DD—703) and USS Biddle (CG—34) and as Commanding Officer USS Graham County (AGP—1176) with additional duties as Commander Patrol Division 21 consisting of the Graham County and four patrol combatants (missiles). His significant shore assignments have included duty as an Instructor U. S. Naval Academy as Staff member U. S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam and as Project Officer Shipboard Manning and Automation Program DTNSRDC. Cdr. McCammon's military decorations include the Bronze Star Medal the Joint Service Commendation Medal and the Navy Commendation Medal.

Developmental tests have been conducted in the Fleet to demonstrate concepts for reducing man—hoars required to perform certain shipboard functions while maintaining or improving effectiveness. Experiences during the Preparation, Conduct, and Reporting of the tests are described including the CNO Pilot program for Reduced Bridge Manning; Integrated Bridge System (IBS); Facilities Maintenance (housekeeping); Wireless Communications During Damage Control Evolutions; and the Ship Contrblman. Areas discussed include system design and interface requirements; elements that go into tests designed for shipboard evaluation; approval requirements to conduct such tests; how to get Fleet Support in terms of personnel and assets; logistics and training requirements; and finally, what Fleet testing buys that other means do not.

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THE “TRADE—OFF” BETWEEN LEARNING AND INFLATION IN SHIPBUILDING

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第4期90卷 23-40页

作者： FRISCH, FRANZ A.P. TODD, CHARLES Dr. Franz A.P. Frischgraduated from the Technical University of Vienna in Austria. He has thirty years' experience in shipbuilding and related subjects. He has worked as a Naval Architect Guarantee Engineer Chief Estimator Production Manager and Director for Shipyard Planning and Maintenance in Austria Denmark Sweden and Germany. In 1956 he was first invited to the United States to testify on foreign cost and production in subsidy cases before the Maritime Administration. From 1957 through 1962 he was associated with several U.S. Naval Architect firms: was Owner's Representative in Europe and Japan conducted studies on transport economy for Venezuela ICC and shipowners and was a consultant for shipyard planning in Brazil and Europe. In 1963 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) and became Head of the Logistic Section and Study Director. There he originated the FDL ship and ship concept and was assigned as advisor to the Project Manager. From 1968 through 1974 Dr. Frisch was a Faculty member and visiting lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he lectured on Shipyard Management Ocean Transportation Systems Theory in Transportation and in Interdisciplinary Seminars. In 1972 and 1973 he was consultant to Dubai Drydock. Ltd. for layout of a new shipyard in the Arabian Gulf but since 1973 he has been with the Naval Sea Systems Command mostly involved in special projects. Dr. Frisch is also Adj. Professor for Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (VPI) where he teaches graduate courses in Advanced Engineering Economy and Management Concepts. Mr. Charles Toddis a graduate of Howard University School of Engineering Washington D.C where he has also pursued his graduate work. He has fifteen years' experience in New Construction Shipbuilding Acquisition Programs concentrating in the areas of Major Ship Class Project Engineering and Program Management. He worked in this capacity on the LSD 36 and 37 Class ships and in the Special Craft Section of the Combatant Craft

Learning leads to a decrease in program cost and inflation leads to an increase in program cost. At a certain time, the benefits of leaming and the penalty due to inflation will balance each other. This time is defined as the “critical time.” The “critical tune” depends upon the number of ships to be built because this determines the possible gain in learning. The “Critical time” also depends upon the assumed inflation, upon the achievable learning rate, and upon the material/labor ratio of the first ship. Learning expectation can be influenced by planning and the material/labor ration by a make– or buydecision. Assumptions on future learning are as vague as assumptions on inflation. The paper shows that it is almost impossible to beat inflation. It shows that accelerated programs are preferable and that make—decisions supersede the value of buy—decisions. The result is derived from an abstract treatment of the subject. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE USE OF MAINTENANCE DATA TO IMPROVE FLEET MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第6期90卷 25-36页

作者： REINES, J. MCCORMICK, J.P. Mr. J. Reinesis a Program Manager with ARINC Research Corporation an Annapolis Md. based consulting engineering corporation where in addition to management of DDEOC development he is responsible for the acquisition and direction of the Company's work in support of operational ships and ship systems. Before joining ARINC Research he worked for the newly formed Litton Advanced Marine Technology Division. where as Manager System Engineering and Analysis and Director System Assurance he had responsibilities in a variety of areas including Reliability Maintainability Human. Engineering System Safety Operations Analysis and the operational and maintenance training of LHA I and DD 963 Class Navy crews. Mr. Reines received his BS degree from Columbia University in 1951 after his service in the U.S. Navy as an Aviation Machinist Mate/Combat Air Crewman. During his 27–year career since then he has worked in the automotive and aerospace industries and as a Consultant to industry and the military. Mr. John P. McCormickis a Principal Engineer and Group Manager in ARINC Research Corporation's Ships and Ordnance Division. He has been with ARINC Research since 1963 when he joined the Company to participate in reliability studies of NASA's SATURN Launch Vehicle. He was Project Leader of a comprehensive study of the Air Force Jet Engine Maintenance Management Program has conducted a number of studies involving the use of Army Maintenance Data and has considerable experience in the use and analysis of Navy Maintenance Data. Currently he is managing a number of projects involving the analysis of Navy Destroyer and Submarine Maintenance Information. Mr. McCormick received his BS degree in Physics from St. Bonaventure University in 1959. after which he was employed by the U.S. Naval Propellant Plant as an Internal Ballistics Specialist.

The purpose of this paper is to explain and demonstrate the value of using historical Navy maintenance data in analyses for developing improved Fleet maintenance practices. The Navy produces great volumes of maintenance and maintenance—related data on its ships, ship systems, and equipments. Analyses of these data by persons familiar with the intricacies of the data and the systems involved can provide the information and insight needed to evaluate present practices and develop improved Fleet maintenance. This paper identifies specific data elements, together with their sources, that have proven to be most useful. Capabilities of the data are highlighted, and the general analysis approach is described. A number of case studies are presented to trace the use of various data elements from their source, through analysis, to the requirements for improved maintenance practices. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE SHIPBOARD FACILITIES MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION STUDY

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第2期90卷 91-102页

作者： SCHWARTZ, MELVIN A. CORDER, JAMES L. Mr. Meivin A. Schwartzgraduated from Hunter College in 1959 and received his MS degree in Psychology in 1962 from the City College of New York. He has been a Behavioral Scientist in industry and government since 1960 working on command and control systems and simulations for the Strategic Air Command Job Corps Information Management System Permissive Action Link System Helicopter Attack System Riverine Warfare Systems Manpower Simulation Modeling and Facility Maintenance and Manpower Utilization. He has been employed at the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center formerly the Navy Personnel Research Laboratory since 1967 and has presented papers and participated in numerous international and national symposia. At the present time Mr. Schwartz is the principal investigator of the Facilities Maintenance Demonstration Study being conducted at David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Mr. James L. Cordergraduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1958 and received his MS degree in Engineering Science in 1964 from The George Washington University. He served aboard a Destroyer and instructed in the Engineering Department U. S. Naval Academy until 1964. Since then he has been employed at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where he was the Program Manager for the Shipboard Manning and Automation Program until September 1977 and currently is assigned to DTNSRDC Annapolis Md. Mr. Corder who received a Letter of Commendation from the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (R&D) for his work performed while assigned on temporary additional duty at the Navy Research and Development Unit Vietnam in 1968 has been a member of ASNE since February 1965.

Facilities Maintenance (FM), as currently performed by shipboard personnel, requires a considerable expenditure of man—hours and material resources and is not performed efficiently nor effectively. Potential solutions to underlying problems were studied on portions of an operational ship of the FF 1052 Class. The study indicated that: 1) a significant reduction in man—hour expenditure and cost to the Navy is feasible through a systematic innovation program, 2) skill and knowledge of FM Team personnel is improved, and 3) shipboard spaces are cleaner and better maintained with FM innovations. The next phase of the project includes the total ship, and it is planned to commence in July 1978 aboard FF 1052, FFG 7, and LST 1179 Class ships. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Effective Shift Allocation in Multiproduct Lines: a Mixed Integer programming Approach

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Journal of the Operational Research Society 1977年第4期28卷 1013-1021页

作者： Stelios H. Zanakis Kenneth D. Lawrence Industrial Engineering & Systems Analysis Program W.V. College of Graduate Studies Institute U.S.A. Management Information Services Dept. Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. Nutley U.S.A.

This paper examines the problem of effectively allocating production shifts to a set of production lines and assigning a product to each line under various resource restrictions. This is the kind of allocation problem encountered when the profit motive is (partially, temporarily or totally) removed from the decision-making process (e.g. aggressive marketing or military operations). The system effectiveness is measured by the percent satisfaction of demands (readiness ratios). Two mixed integer programming models are developed and illustrated by means of an example. The first maximizes the smallest readiness ratio for a product, while the second minimizes the total deviation from the goal of perfect satisfaction of all demands. Extensions of these models are also suggested.

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DESIGN ASPECTS OF NEW SERD CATAPULT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1977年第1期89卷 55-67页

作者： BRACE, RL MCWADE, JE USN Capt. R.L. Brace: USN reported for active duty in the U.S. Naval Reserve in June 1945 and upon his release from active duty in 1948 entered Chaffey Junior College Ontario Calif. from which he received his Associate Degree in Engineering in June 1949. Subsequently he attended Purdue University from which he received his BS degree in Chemical Engineering in 1951 and while on a Westinghouse Research Fellowship his MS degree in Engineering in 1952. He joined Phillips Petroleum Co. in Oklahoma as a research engineer with the Jet Fuel Research Group upon receiving the latter degree and while so serving obtained 12 patents. In January 1955 he was recalled to active duty and reported to Officers Candidate School. Newport R.I. Upon being commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve in May of that year he began his flight training at the Naval Air Training Command ultimately being designated a Naval Aviator and augumented into the regular Navy in 1956. He served with four carrier-based attack squadrons including three combat tours and in 1962 completed a duty assignment with the U.S. Army in South Vietnam. Other assignments include Catapult and Arresting Gear Officer USS Enterprise (CVN-65) duty on the Staff. Commander Naval Air Force. U.S. Atlantic Fleet: Assistant Chief of Staff for Material Task Force 78 during the mine countermeasure operations in North Vietnam Officer-in-Charge. Fleet Air Western Pacific Repair Activity Cubi Point P.I.: and Head. Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipments Branch Ship Installations Division. Naval Air Systems Command from 1974 to 1976 during which he had full responsibility for all shore-based and shipboard aircraft launching and recovery systems and was Acquisition Manager for the SERD Catapult Program. Capt. Brace who was designated an Aeronautical Engineering Duty Officer in 1964. is a graduate of the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School the Naval War College and the Defense Systems Management School and his military decorations include the Meritorious Service Award the Air Me

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