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Artificial intelligence in gastric cancer:applications and challenges

Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 227-242页

作者： Runnan Cao Lei Tang Mengjie Fang Lianzhen Zhong Siwen Wang Lixin Gong Jiazheng Li Di Dong Jie Tian School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imagingthe State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex SystemsInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing) Radiology DepartmentPeking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijingP.R.China College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering School Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningP.R.China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingP.R.China Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’anShaanxiP.R.China

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors with high *** diagnosis and treatment decisions for GC rely heavily on human experts’careful judgments on medical ***,the improvement of the accuracy is hindered by imaging conditions,limited experience,objective criteria,and inter-observer ***,the developments of machine learning,especially deep-learning algorithms,have been facilitating computers to extract more information from data *** are exploring the far-reaching applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in various clinical practices,including ***,we aim to provide a broad framework to summarize current research on AI in *** the screening of GC,AI can identify precancerous diseases and assist in early cancer detection with endoscopic examination and pathological *** the diagnosis of GC,AI can support tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging and subtype *** treatment decisions,AI can help with surgical margin determination and prognosis ***,current approaches are challenged by data scarcity and poor *** tackle these problems,more regulated data,unified processing procedures,and advanced algorithms are urgently needed to build more accurate and robust AI models for GC.

关键词： gastric cancer artificial intelligence radiomics endoscopy computed tomography pathology

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Toward a knowledge discovery framework for data science job market in the United States

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Heidarysafa, Mojtaba Kowsari, Kamran Bashiri, Masoud Brown, Donald E. Department of Systems and Information Engineering University of Virginia United States Office of Health Informatics and Analytics University of California Los Angeles United States School of Data Science University of Virginia United States

The growth of the data science field requires better tools to understand such a fast-paced growing domain. Moreover, individuals from different backgrounds became interested in following a career as data scientists. Therefore, providing a quantitative guide for individuals and organizations to understand the skills required in the job market would be crucial. This paper introduces a framework to analyze the job market for data science-related jobs within the US while providing an interface to access insights in this market. The proposed framework includes three sub-modules allowing continuous data collection, information extraction, and a web-based dashboard visualization to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of data science-related jobs and skills. The result of this work shows important skills for the main branches of data science jobs and attempts to provide a skill-based definition of these data science branches. The current version of this application is deployed on the web and allows individuals and institutes to investigate skills required for data science positions through the industry lens 1 2 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： data science

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Ultra-compact beam steering nanolasers

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Xinghong Gu, Mingxuan Tang, Jiankai Sang, Yungang Xiang, Bingrui Zhang, Kong Zhang, Guanjie Wang, Xingyuan Guo, Xuhan Zhou, Linjie Wu, Wengang Mao, Yifei School of Sensing Science and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics Pinghu314200 China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Key Lab of Navigation and Location Services Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits Beijing100871 China Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics Peking University Beijing100871 China

The miniaturization and integration of beam steering devices have consistently been the focus of the field. Conventional methods alter the eigenmode of the optical cavity by regulating the refractive index. Due to the weak nonlinear effect of the optical system, the device must be sufficiently large to achieve sufficient light modulation. The effective method for miniaturizing beam steering devices currently in use is based on metasurfaces. However, this type of device necessitates the input of a laser source, which precludes the simultaneous generation and control of light in a single device. Here we propose a miniaturized beam steering device that employs mode selection between different bound states in the continuum (BIC) states through phase change material. The device is capable of simultaneously achieving both light generation and beam steering (33°) in a single device with a size of only 25 μm and with a low threshold of 8.9 kW cm-2. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve a significant degree of dynamic wavelength tunability, with a range extending up to 296 nm. This method achieves high-efficient regulation of light properties by dynamically controlling the system’s topological charge, circumventing the problem of weak nonlinearity in traditional methods. Furthermore, the integration of phase change materials with nanolasers enables the direct alteration of lasing properties, which provides a novel idea for dynamic light control. The device process scheme based on phase change materials is straightforward, direct, and highly compatible, which will be advantageous for its intended application. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase change materials

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mdx: A Cloud Platform for Supporting data science and Cross-Disciplinary Research Collaborations

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Suzumura, Toyotaro Sugiki, Akiyoshi Takizawa, Hiroyuki Imakura, Akira Nakamura, Hiroshi Taura, Kenjiro Kudoh, Tomohiro Hanawa, Toshihiro Sekiya, Yuji Kobayashi, Hiroki Matsushima, Shin Kuga, Yohei Nakamura, Ryo Jiang, Renhe Kawase, Junya Hanai, Masatoshi Miyazaki, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Tsutomu Shimotoku, Daisuke Miyamoto, Daisuke Aida, Kento Takefusa, Atsuko Kurimoto, Takashi Sasayama, Koji Kitagawa, Naoya Fujiwara, Ikki Tanimura, Yusuke Aoki, Takayuki Endo, Toshio Ohshima, Satoshi Fukazawa, Keiichiro Date, Susumu Uchibayashi, Toshihiro Information Technology Center The University of Tokyo Japan Information Initiative Center Hokkaido University Japan Cyberscience Center Tohoku University Japan Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Japan Division for Information and Communication Systems The University of Tokyo Japan Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Japan Center for Cloud Research and Development National Institute of Informatics Japan Research and Development Center for Academic Networks National Institute of Informatics Japan Research Center for Open Science and Data Platform National Institute of Informatics Japan Digital Architecture Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Japan Global Scientific Information and Computing Center Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Information Technology Center Nagoya University Japan Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University Japan Cybermedia Center Osaka University Japan Research Institute for Information Technology Kyushu University Japan

The growing amount of data and advances in data science have created a need for a new kind of cloud platform that provides users with flexibility, strong security, and the ability to couple with supercomputers and edge devices through high-performance networks. We have built such a nation-wide cloud platform, called "mdx" to meet this need. The mdx platform’s virtualization service, jointly operated by 9 national universities and 2 national research institutes in Japan, launched in 2021, and more features are in development. Currently mdx is used by researchers in a wide variety of domains, including materials informatics, geo-spatial information science, life science, astronomical science, economics, social science, and computer science. This paper provides an the overview of the mdx platform, details the motivation for its development, reports its current status, and outlines its future plans. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Internet of things

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Bias in Machine Learning Models Can Be Significantly Mitigated by Careful Training: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Rongguang Chaudhari, Pratik Davatzikos, Christos Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania United States Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics University of Pennsylvania United States Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania United States

Despite the great promise that machine learning has offered in many fields of medicine, it has also raised concerns about potential biases and poor generalization across genders, age distributions, races and ethnicities, hospitals, and data acquisition equipment and protocols. In the current study, and in the context of three brain diseases, we provide evidence which suggests that when properly trained, machine learning models can generalize well across diverse conditions and do not necessarily suffer from bias. Specifically, by using multi-study magnetic resonance imaging consortia for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder, we find that well-trained models have a high area-under-the-curve (AUC) on subjects across different subgroups pertaining to attributes such as gender, age, racial groups, and different clinical studies and are unbiased under multiple fairness metrics such as demographic parity difference, equalized odds difference, equal opportunity difference etc. We find that models that incorporate multi-source data from demographic, clinical, genetic factors and cognitive scores are also unbiased. These models have better predictive AUC across subgroups than those trained only with imaging features but there are also situations when these additional features do not help. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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An HL7-Based Middleware for Exchanging data and Enabling Interoperability in Healthcare Applications 17th

An HL7-Based Middleware for Exchanging Data and Enabling Int...

引用

17th International Conference on information Technology: New Generations, ITNG 2020

作者： Bezerra, Carlos Andrew Costa de Araújo, André Magno Costa Times, Valéria Cesário Department of Information Systems University Center President Antonio Carlos Araguaína Brazil Advanced Studies in Data Science and Software Engineering Federal University of Alagoas Penedo Brazil Center for Informatics Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030430191

data interoperability in the health sector is a current and important topic which has been the object of study in several research. Interoperability provides improved patient care quality, assists professionals in decision-making and enables healthcare organizations to remain competitive on the market. This work presents a cloud middleware based on the HL7 standard capable of encoding, storing, interoperating and integrating Electronic Health Record (EHR) data between different applications. Based on HL7 clinical document architecture, the software architecture of the proposed middleware is specified, a set of rules that maps relational data schemas to HL7 messages is described, and a tool that supports interoperability and integration of EHR data among health institutions is detailed. To validate the proposed solution, we used a real scenario of three health institutions located in the northern region of Brazil and results showed that all messages were encoded and interoperated among the health facilities. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Middleware

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Deep Learning with Greedy Layer-Wise Compound Scaling for Temperature and Humidity Prediction in Solar Dryer Dome

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Cenggoro, Tjeng Wawan Elwirehardja, Gregorius Natanael Dominic, Nicholas Setiawan, Karli Eka Rahutomo, Reza Djuana, Endang Gunawan, Fergyanto E. Budiman, Arief S. Romeli, Sugiarto Pardamean, Bens Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Information Systems Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Trisakti Jakarta11440 Indonesia Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath FallsOR97601 United States PT. Impack Pratama Industri Jakarta Indonesia

Drying has been an eco-friendly and cost-efficient method to reduce post-harvest losses of agricultural crops. In various countries, the technique has been widely utilized in the form of Solar Dryer Dome (SDD) buildings. Accurate indoor microclimate forecasting is very important to implement smart control systems in SDDs that can maintain the ideal conditions, as the availability of solar energy is limited only at daytimes and the temperature may drop significantly during nighttimes in remote areas. The microclimate variables that play an important role in maintaining ideal environmental conditions include temperature and relative humidity. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Deep learning for embodied visual navigation research: A survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhu, Fengda Zhu, Yi Lee, Vincent C.S. Liang, Xiaodan Chang, Xiaojun Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Computing Technologies RMIT University

"Embodied visual navigation" problem requires an agent to navigate in a 3D environment mainly rely on its first-person observation. This problem has attracted rising attention in recent years due to its wide application in vacuum cleaner, and rescue robot, etc. A navigation agent is supposed to have various intelligent skills, such as visual perceiving, mapping, planning, exploring and reasoning, etc. Building such an agent that observes, thinks, and acts is a key to real intelligence. The remarkable learning ability of deep learning methods empowered the agents to accomplish embodied visual navigation tasks. Despite this, embodied visual navigation is still in its infancy since a lot of advanced skills are required, including perceiving partially observed visual input, exploring unseen areas, memorizing and modeling seen scenarios, understanding cross-modal instructions, and adapting to a new environment, etc. Recently, embodied visual navigation has attracted rising attention of the community, and numerous works has been proposed to learn these skills. This paper attempts to establish an outline of the current works in the field of embodied visual navigation by providing a comprehensive literature survey. We summarize the benchmarks and metrics, review different methods, analysis the challenges, and highlight the state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we discuss unresolved challenges in the field of embodied visual navigation and give promising directions in pursuing future research. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Navigation

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Task-Oriented Over-the-Air Computation for Multi-Device Edge AI

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Wen, Dingzhu Jiao, Xiang Liu, Peixi Zhu, Guangxu Shi, Yuanming Huang, Kaibin Network Intelligence Center School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University China Departement of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Edge inference refers to the use of artificial intelligent (AI) models at the network edge to provide mobile devices inference services and thereby enable intelligent services such as auto-driving and Metaverse towards 6G. However, departing from the classic paradigm of data-centric designs, the 6G networks for supporting edge AI features task-oriented techniques that focus on effective and efficient execution of AI task. Targeting end-to-end system performance, such techniques are sophisticated as they aim to seamlessly integrate sensing (data acquisition), communication (data transmission), and computation (data processing). Aligned with the paradigm shift, a task-oriented over-the-air computation (AirComp) scheme is proposed in this paper for multi-device split-inference system. In the considered system, local feature vectors, which are extracted from the real-time noisy sensory data on devices, are aggregated over-the-air by exploiting the waveform superposition in a multiuser channel. Then the aggregated features as received at a server are fed into an inference model with the result used for decision making or control of actuators. To design inference-oriented AirComp, the transmit precoders at edge devices and receive beamforming at edge server are jointly optimized to rein in the aggregation error and maximize the inference accuracy. The problem is made tractable by measuring the inference accuracy using a surrogate metric called discriminant gain, which measures the discernibility of two object classes in the application of object/event classification. It is discovered that the conventional AirComp beamforming design for minimizing the mean square error in generic AirComp with respect to the noiseless case may not lead to the optimal classification accuracy. The reason is due to the overlooking of the fact that feature dimensions have different sensitivity towards aggregation errors and are thus of different importance levels for classification. This issue

关键词： Beamforming

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A Rapid Detection Method of Sewing Stitch Defects Based on Machine Vision

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Zheng, Xiaohu Chen, Yufan Xu, Xiuliang Liu, Bing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Donghua University Shanghai201620 China Shanghai Industrial Big Data and Intelligent Systems Engineering Technology Center Shanghai201620 China College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai201620 China Hangzhou Zhongfu Technology&Innovation Research Institute Co. Ltd Shanghai201620 China Precise Machinery Scientific & Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai201599 China

In order to solve the problem of motion blur caused by sewing speed, an image DeblurGAN-BSV3 algorithm is proposed. Firstly, different attention fusion mechanisms are introduced to achieve accurate extraction of image features. Secondly, the depth-separable convolution of the trunk network is replaced by blueprint convolution to ensure the processing speed of the detection algorithm and the clarity of the output image. In order to solve the difficulty of rapid detection of pin defects, a student-teacher feature pyramid matching method was proposed. Firstly, the abnormal region interpretation technology was used to explicitly visualize the defect area of the identified abnormal instances, and then the abnormal detection score was performed on the detected images to make good judgment. The experimental results show that the combination of the above two methods has a good ability for rapid defect detection. Rapid detection of common pin defects is realized. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer vision

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