In this paper, we present the LearnLib, a library of tools for automata learning, which is explicitly designed for the systematic experimental analysis of the profile of available learning algorithms and corresponding...
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This paper presents dynamic testing, a method that exploits automata learning to systematically test (black box) systems almost without prerequisites. Based on interface descriptions and optional sample test cases, ou...
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This paper presents dynamic testing, a method that exploits automata learning to systematically test (black box) systems almost without prerequisites. Based on interface descriptions and optional sample test cases, ou...
This paper presents dynamic testing, a method that exploits automata learning to systematically test (black box) systems almost without prerequisites. Based on interface descriptions and optional sample test cases, our method successively explores the system under test (SUT), in order to extrapolate a behavioural model. This is in turn used to steer the further exploration process. Due to the applied learning technique, our method is optimal in the sense that the extrapolated models are most concise (i.e. state minimal) in consistently representing all the information gathered during the exploration. Using the LearnLib, our framework for automata learning, our method can be elegantly combined with numerous optimisations of the learning procedure, with various choices of model structures, and with the option of dynamically/interactively enlarging the alphabet underlying the learning process. The latter is important in the Web context, where totally new situations may arise when following links. All these features are illustrated using as a case study the web application Mantis, a bug tracking system widely used in practice. In addition, we present another case study that demonstrates the scalability of the approach. We show how the dynamic testing procedure works and how behavioural models arise that concisely summarize the current testing effort. It turns out that these models reveal the system structure from a user perspective. Besides steering the automatic exploration process, they are ideal for user guidance and to support analyses to improve the system understanding, as they reveal the system structure from a user perspective.
An optimal strategy involving the corresponding model and approach to the generators start-up during power system restoration is presented. The aim of the method is to maximize the total power generation capability (M...
An optimal strategy involving the corresponding model and approach to the generators start-up during power system restoration is presented. The aim of the method is to maximize the total power generation capability (MWh) over an optimization time period whilst considering the corresponding constraints. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is employed to get an effective assessment towards each generator (to be cranked) by the newly introduced indices derived from the objective function together with its constraints. As a result, the relative efficiency of each generator to be started can be evaluated comprehensively and objectively. On the other hand, the priority for each generator start-up can be determined as well. The proposed method, to some extent, can make the trade off between the simulation precision and the computing efforts much better. Case study based on a 12-generator modified real-sized system illustrate that the proposed strategy could provide more comprehensive and objective decision reference.
For understanding the performance differences caused by different computer architectures and optimization technologies, the paper characterizes performance of SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks both on Intel and AMD platform. Us...
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For understanding the performance differences caused by different computer architectures and optimization technologies, the paper characterizes performance of SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks both on Intel and AMD platform. Using the performance events collected by Performance Monitor Unit, we compare their performance differences and analyze the causes from the features of architectures and the optimization technologies. Our results and analysis help the programmers better understand the memory performance and branch prediction performance which are caused by architectures and guide them in the optimization. The analysis also help the processor architects better balance among the key architecture factors such as memory disambiguation and hardware prefetch when doing architecture design decision.
Recently there is increasing interest in university rankings. Annual rankings of world universities are published by QS for the Times Higher Education Supplement, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the Higher Educatio...
Recently there is increasing interest in university rankings. Annual rankings of world universities are published by QS for the Times Higher Education Supplement, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the Higher Education and Accreditation Council of Taiwan and rankings based on Web visibility by the Cybermetrics Lab at CSIC. In this paper we compare the rankings using a set of similarity measures. For the rankings that are being published for a number of years we also examine longitudinal patterns. The rankings limited to European universities are compared to the ranking of the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University. The findings show that there are reasonable similarities between the rankings, even though each applies a different methodology. The biggest differences are between the rankings provided by the QS-Times Higher Education Supplement and the Ranking Web of the CSIC Cybermetrics Lab. The highest similarities were observed between the Taiwanese and the Leiden rankings from European universities. Overall the similarities are increased when the comparison is limited to the European universities.
HypereiDoc [1] is an XML based framework that has been designed to support multi-layered processing of epigraphical, papyrological or similar texts in a cooperative, and distributed manner for modern critical editions...
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作者：
Robin LampertDavid HamiltonElliot SolowayYale University
Department of Computer Science Cognition and Programming Project P. O. Box 2158 Yale Station New Haven CT 06520 IBM
Systems Integration Division 3700 Bay Area Blvd. Houston TX 77058 U.S.A.
In an effort to learn more about how testers test code, we observed several testers while they designed tests to check a change which had been made to code. Using a case study methodology, we gathered empirical data f...
In an effort to learn more about how testers test code, we observed several testers while they designed tests to check a change which had been made to code. Using a case study methodology, we gathered empirical data from the ‘real world’—professional testers, and actual software products. We found that testers do share some common work patterns. These patterns can be seen in their information gathering, their use of heuristics and their construction of mental models. This work is extremely knowledge intensive, experience appears to have a useful effect. In this paper we will discuss how we collected and analysed our data. Then we will present some of our observations about how the testers gathered information, used heuristics, formed mental models and were affected by their previous experience in the course of designing their test scenarios. Based on these observations we comment on training and tools for testers.
With the introduction of the new Modelica major version 3, innovations mainly consist of further model restrictions for increased model quality. In addition, developers often want to ensure the compliance to further r...
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With the introduction of the new Modelica major version 3, innovations mainly consist of further model restrictions for increased model quality. In addition, developers often want to ensure the compliance to further requirements early in the development cycle. Mostly emerging as domain specific conventions that often crosscut model structures, according checking mechanisms are required that are detached from the core language. In this paper, a declarative language is presented for specifying and evaluating quantified rules for static model properties. Based on aspectoriented programming, the language allows for concise and expressive model inspections and a variable and typing concept facilitate subsequent model manipulations. A nascent implementation framework is proposed, based on the logic meta programming paradigm, thus leading to efficient and scalable aspect processing applicable as model query engine for an AOP Modelica Compiler.
Models describing business processes in a company nowadays have the drawback that they are not machine-processable for two reasons: First the terminology is not formalized. Second the dynamic semantics of the process ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781577353577
Models describing business processes in a company nowadays have the drawback that they are not machine-processable for two reasons: First the terminology is not formalized. Second the dynamic semantics of the process model is not formally defined. Thus, many discussions and human work is necessary in order to create and maintain process models. However, with a semantic annotation of process models and the usage of ontologies, tasks can be automized and the workload of the user can be reduced to a minimum. In this paper we discuss different possibilities and the added value of annotating a business process model with semantic information.
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